Plaque Control Professor : Dr. Merlin A. Go

 Subject/Section : DCD 121 / DBB

Schedule : TTH * 17:30_18:30 * D 509

Name : Khafi Makoo, Noorallah

Introduction :

What is dental plaque :Dental plaque is a soft sticky and colorless deposit that accumulates on the teethIt cannot be rinsed but removed by brushing. Plaque is a firmly adherent mass of bacteria in a mucopolysaccharide matrix.

Plaque control

is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment .Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues

Introduction :

Remember……..!!!

Plaque:• Plaque is a white, sticky substance that builds up every day around your teeth and gums, and on dental appliances.• Plaque can be removed with daily brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash.• If plaque is not removed it hardens into calculus.

Calculus:• Once plaque has been allowed to remain it calcifies.  Only a dental professional can then remove calculus.

Plaque

Calculus

Brush

Plaque builds within hours. Brushing your teeth helps oral health because it removes plaque from the surfaces of your teeth and gums.

Floss

Because periodontal disease often begins in areas your toothbrush cannot reach, it’s important to remove plaque from between teeth and just below your gumline by flossing. Rinse

Daily rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash may add to the benefits of brushing and flossing by reducing plaque between crowded teeth and around hard-to-reach molars.

Methods of Plaque Control:

Mechanical : 1-Individual. 2-Professional. Chemical : 1-Individual. 2-Professional.

Mechanical Plaque Control

1-tooth brush 2-interdental aids

3-other

Individual mechanical plaque control is achieved by :

Tooth brush

Mechanical

Electrical

Mechanical tooth brushing

Design

Electric tooth brushing

They where introduced in 1939

1. Dentifrices/ Toothpastes

2. Mouth Rinses

i. Chlorhexidine Rinse

ii. Essential Oil Rinse

Chemical  Plaque  Control Agents

TOOTHPASTE / DENTIFRICES

Toothpaste called as dentifrice, is an inclusive term used to describe a powder, paste or gel, used with a toothbrush to aid in the removal of

plaque, biofilm, materia alba, and stain from teeth and soft tissue.

PURPOSE Cleaning Polishing Removal of stains Reduce incidence of tooth decay

Dentifrices

Composition :1-fluoride2-abrasions3-detergents4-humectants5-thickeners6-preservative7-flavoring agents8-sweeteners9-coloring agents10-anticaries agents11-water

It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas

Dental Floss

Floss holder

Toothpaste Contents Abrasives (20%-40%) Flavor- (2%) pleasant and must be associated with a “clean”

feeling. E.g. Mint flavor Colouring agent (2%) Binders (2%) Humectants (20%-40%) Detergents (1%-2%) Flavoring agent (2%) Preservatives (<1%) Sweetening agents (2%) Water (20%-40%)

Abrasive Also called as polishing agent Solid, insoluble particles Potential for fluoride interaction Causing abrasion Remove debris and residual strain from teeth

Examples of Abrasives: Aluminium oxide Calcium pyrophosphate Carbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate silicas

Fluoride Actives

Function: Increases resistance to enamel solubility. Restricted usage level (for adults it must be within 1000 to

1450 ppm and for children not more than 1000ppm)

Examples: Sodium fluoride Sodium monofluorophosphate Stannous fluoride

Therapeutic Agents

Anti-caries agents: sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate

Anti-plaque: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions

Anti-calculus: Pyrophosphate

Anti-dentin hypersensitivity: Potassium salts

Whitening agents: Papain, Dimethicone

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Some toxic components of a toothpaste

• Fluorides: in higher levels cause fluorosis Appear as tiny white streaks or specks Severe form- mottling of enamel, pitting and cracking of teeth, black and

brown stains.• Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damage

• Sodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen

MOUTH RINSES

Chlorhexidine Rinse:This agent has the most positive antibacterial results to date.Have pronounced antiseptic properties.Inhibit the development of plaque, calculus and gingivitis.

Side Effects:Brown staining of the teeth, tongue and silicate resin restorationsTransient impairment of taste perception.

Chlorhexidine Preparation contains: 12% alcohol

Conclusion

Dental plaque is colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth

Plaque control is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment Plaque Control is done Mechanically and Chemically

There are many technique for Brushing From the factors that determining the selection of

interdental aids are the type of embrasures

Dental Floss It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas

Gingival massage produced epithelial thickening , increased keratinization , increased mitotic activity in epithelium and connective tissue

References

Jong’s Community Dental Health, 5th Edition , chapter 7.

Foundation of periodontology for dental hygenic.

Essintial of clinical periodontology and periodondices , 2nd Edition , chapter 37.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_hygienist.

THANK YOU