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8/8/2019 Principle of Architecture & Design Chapter 1
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
Visual TrainingVisual Training--PracticePractice
Prepared by:Prepared by:Architect: Raed M. A. ElottolArchitect: Raed M. A. Elottol
M.Sc. InM.Sc. In Building TechnologyBuilding Technology
11-- Basic ElementsBasic ElementsIntroduction
Point
Plane
Volume
Combinations of elements
Examples & homework
Line
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
From the moment we are born we graduallybecome aware of our surroundings. At first
we can only focus on our mother's face and
then we begin to see further away, to the
room and to other members of the family .
Through this process of growing and
developing, through learning and accepting
or questioning what we are told, we becomepartially shaped by our surroundings and our
experiences.
IntroductionIntroduction
What isWhat isa beauty?a beauty?
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- PointPointTo aid the understanding of theTo aid the understanding of the
surrounding visual qualities, things cansurrounding visual qualities, things canbe analyzed in a fundamental andbe analyzed in a fundamental andrational manner.rational manner. The patterns we seeThe patterns we seeare formed from the arrangements ofare formed from the arrangements ofdifferent componentsdifferent components..
A point marks a position in space.
Small objects can be seen as points
Initially, therefore, it can be indicated
by some secondary means such ascrossed or focusing lines or a point oflight.
PointPoint
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
In reality, a point needs some dimension to attract the attention and in the
lai1dscape small or distant objects may be regarded as points.
A bale of straw, a lone tree, a small distant bu ilding arecommon examples.
a) A point b) A point of density c) Crossed lines d) focused lines
Many features in the
landscape can be
regarded as points.
(a) a church or
similar
object on
thehorizon
(b) a point of
light such
as a star in
the sky.
(c) the point
where
parallel
lines
appear to
converge.
(d) lines and a
feature on
the
horizon
create a
focal point.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- LineLine
* Extending a point in one dimensioncreates a line.Lines can be implied by the location of
points.
*Lines can be imaginary yet still exert
influence.
Edges of planes can be seen as lines.
*Lines can have their own properties.
Natural lines are common and important
in the landscape.
*Man-made lines are also numerous.
Lines as boundaries are used extensively.
*Lines can act as defining elements in
architecture.
LineLine
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- LineLineIt needs thickness to register and can haveIt needs thickness to register and can have specficspecficproperties in the way it is drawn or created:properties in the way it is drawn or created:
for examplefor example clean, fuzzy, irregular or discontinuous.clean, fuzzy, irregular or discontinuous.
The edge or edges of planes are also lines at certainThe edge or edges of planes are also lines at certain
distances as are the boundaries between differentdistances as are the boundaries between different
colors and textures.colors and textures.
A line can be implied by the position of points or theA line can be implied by the position of points or the
association of edges. !: can also have a distinct shapeassociation of edges. !: can also have a distinct shape
and with thatand with that implvimplv a direction an . force or energy .a direction an . force or energy .LineLine
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
Stiff line
smooth line
A broken line
Variable width
A fuzzy line
Simple line
The boundary line
Edge of planes
Extending point
The sky line or horizon
Lines of communication - canals, railways, roads - also establish their own patterns.
Sometimes these different lines are in harmony; sometimes they cut across each other to
create discordance and conflict.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- PlanePlane**A oneA one--dimensional line is extended to produce adimensional line is extended to produce atwotwo--dimensional plane.dimensional plane.
** Planes can be flat: curved or twisted.Planes can be flat: curved or twisted.
**Planes can be implied as well as real.Planes can be implied as well as real.
** Planes in different positions may enclose space.Planes in different positions may enclose space.
**Naturally perfect planes are few.Naturally perfect planes are few.
** The land surface is a plane.The land surface is a plane.
** Faces of built forms are planes.Faces of built forms are planes.
**Planes can be used as media for other treatment.Planes can be used as media for other treatment.
**Planes can be used for their inherent qualitiesPlanes can be used for their inherent qualities
such as reflection.such as reflection.
PlanePlane
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- PlanePlane**Of itself it has no depth or thickness, onlyOf itself it has no depth or thickness, only lengthlength andand
width.width.
** A piece of paper or a th in wall can e regarded as moreA piece of paper or a th in wall can e regarded as more
or less pure planes for all practical purposes.or less pure planes for all practical purposes.
**Where planes enclose space they may assume a specificWhere planes enclose space they may assume a specific
function such as floor, wall or roof planes.function such as floor, wall or roof planes.
PlanePlane
The plane can however be
used in its own right: the
reflecting pool is one c lassicexample.
The fields used for many
games football, cricket,
bowls or tennis - depend on
precisely laid out plane
surfaces.
Some buildings feature
horizontal planes to achieve
specific effects such as the
emphasis of the ground plane
with a parallel, flat roof.
The vertical planes forming
the sheer glass facades on
some skyscrapers may
produce reflections of the sky
or surrounding buildings.
In design
terms the
plane is best
understood as
the medium
for other
treatment such
as theapplication of
texture or
color or as a
device to
enclose space.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- VolumeVolume**Volume is the threeVolume is the three--dimensional extension of a twodimensional extension of a twodimensional plane.dimensional plane.
**Volume can be solid or open.Volume can be solid or open.
**Solid volumes can be geometric or irregular.Solid volumes can be geometric or irregular.
** Buildings, landforms, trees and woods are all solidBuildings, landforms, trees and woods are all solid
volumesvolumes mass in space.mass in space.
** Open volumes are defined by planes or other solidOpen volumes are defined by planes or other solid
volumesvolumes enclosed space.enclosed space.
**Interiors of buildings, deep valleys and th e spaceInteriors of buildings, deep valleys and the space
beneath the forest canopy are all open volumesbeneath the forest canopy are all open volumes ..
VolumeVolume
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Basic Elements* Basic Elements -- VolumeVolume**From two dimensions we move to three and so gainFrom two dimensions we move to three and so gain
volume.volume.
**There areThere are two typestwo types of volume:of volume:
** Solid volumeSolid volume -- where the threewhere the three--dimensional elementdimensional element
forms a volume or mass in space.forms a volume or mass in space.
**Open volumeOpen volume -- where a volume of space is enclosed bywhere a volume of space is enclosed by
other elements such as planes.other elements such as planes.
**Solid volumes can be geometric., Euclidean solids suchSolid volumes can be geometric., Euclidean solids such
as the cube, tetrahedron, sphere and cone are examplesas the cube, tetrahedron, sphere and cone are examples
ofofthis.this.
**In the landscape the Egyptian pyramids and otherIn the landscape the Egyptian pyramids and other
ancient manancient man--made structures rank alongside more recentmade structures rank alongside more recent
examples of geodesic spheres and glass cubes asexamples of geodesic spheres and glass cubes as
examples of geometric volumes.examples of geometric volumes.
VolumeVolume
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
A modern example of
a geometric solid
volume : a spherical
buildings (actual1y
composed of manysmall planes)
Some of the most impressive urban spaces are the result of careful positioning of planes
(building facades) to create open volumes. These may interconnect and flow from one to
another in a carefully planned fashion.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
* Combination of Elements* Combination of Elements* It is rare for one basic elemen t to exist in isolation.* It is rare for one basic elemen t to exist in isolation.
* Distinctions between elements may be blurred.* Distinctions between elements may be blurred.
Distance may change the perception of which elementDistance may change the perception of which element
is presentis present ..
A number of points may appear as a line or a plane whileA number of points may appear as a line or a plane while
at different distances planes may be seen as points orat different distances planes may be seen as points or
lines (edges) an d faces of solid or open volumes.lines (edges) and faces of solid or open volumes.
Combination ofCombination ofElementsElements
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
Kuala Lum pur City Center ( KLCC )
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.