Post on 26-Mar-2018
transcript
Copyright 2014 © SAP
Principles of Electricity
ELECTRICITY
• Electricity is a form of energy that, when
in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or
thermal effects.
• Electricity is a flow of electrons, which are
negatively charged subatomic particles.
ELECTRICITY
A. Electric Current– Flow of electricity along a conductor
B. Conductor– Any substance, material, or medium that
conducts electricity
C. Insulator (Nonconductor)– Rubber
– Wood
– Glass
– Cement
ELECTRICITY
D. Complete Circuit– The path of an electric current from the generating
source through conductors back to its original source
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
A. Direct Current (DC)– Constant, even-flowing current, traveling in one
direction
B. Alternating Current (AC)– Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction
then in the opposite direction
C. Converters– Used to change direct current into alternating current
D. Rectifiers– Used to change alternating current into direct current
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electrical
Measurements– Volt
– Ampere (AM-peer)
– Milliampere (mil-ee-
AM-peer)
– Ohm
– Watt
– Kilowatt
Figure 7-16
Figure 7-17
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Safety Devices– Fuse
– Circuit breaker
Electrical Equipment Safety– Inspect regularly.
– Never overload circuits.
– Check for UL (Underwriter’s Laboratory) approval.
– Ensure that appliances are grounded.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity– Ensure UL certification.
– Study instructions on use of equipment.
– Disconnect appliances when not in use.
– Inspect all electrical equipment regularly.
– Keep wires, plugs, and equipment in good repair.
Use one plug per outlet.
– Avoid contact with water or metal when using electricity.
– Do not leave the room when client is connected to any
electrical device.
– Keep cords off floor to avoid tripping.
– Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while
equipment is plugged in.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
• Hints for the Safe Use of ElectricityDo not touch two metallic objects at the same time if
either is connected to current.
Do not step on or set objects on electrical cords.
Do not allow cords to become twisted or bent.
Disconnect appliances by pulling plug, not cord.
Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances unless
you are qualified.
Never tamper with wiring or plugs to get them to fit into
a receptacle they were not designed for.
ELECTROTHERAPY
Wall Plate– Facial stimulator
Modalities– Currents
Electrode– Apparatus that conducts electric current from a
machine to the client’s skin
Polarity– Positive or negative state of electric current
ELECTROTHERAPY
Polarity Test #1– Separate tips and immerse in salt water.
– Turn the selector switch to galvanic current.
– As water is decomposed, more active bubbles will
accumulate at negative pole.
Polarity Test #2– Place tips of two conducting cords on two separate
pieces of blue moistened litmus paper.
– Paper under positive pole will turn red.
– Paper under negative pole will remain blue.
ELECTROTHERAPY
Galvanic Current– Active electrode
– Inactive electrode
– Positive pole, anode, red
– Negative pole, cathode, black
Positive Pole Results– Produces acidic reactions
– Closes pores
– Soothes nerves
– Decreases blood supply
– Contracts blood vessels
– Hardens or firms tissues
ELECTROTHERAPYNegative Pole Results
– Produces alkaline reactions
– Opens pores
– Stimulates and irritates nerves
– Increases blood supply to skin
– Expands blood vessels
– Softens tissues
Iontophoresis (eye-ahn-toh-foh-REE-sus)
– Process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin
with the use of electric current
– Cataphoresis (kat-uh-fuh-REE-sus)
– Anaphoresis (an-uh-for-EES-sus)
– Desincrustation (des-in-krus-TAY-shun)
ELECTROTHERAPYFaradic Current Benefits– Improves muscle tone
– Promotes waste product removal
– Increases blood circulation
– Relieves congested blood
– Increases glandular activity
– Stimulates hair growth
– Increases metabolism
Sinusoidal Current Benefits– Supplies greater stimulation; less irritating than faradic
– Soothes nerves, penetrates muscle tissue
– Best suited for nervous clients
ELECTROTHERAPYCAUTIONS for Faradic and Sinusoidal Currents– Do not use if it causes pain or
discomfort.
– Do not use if face is very florid.
– Do not use if client has gold-filled teeth, high blood pressure, or pustular condition of skin.
Tesla High-Frequency Current – Has high rate of oscillation or
vibration
– Used for scalp and facial treatments
– Used to treat thinning hair, itchy scalp, and excessively oily or dry skin
Figure 7-24
ELECTROTHERAPY
Benefits of Tesla Current– Stimulates circulation of blood
– Increases glandular activity
– Aids in elimination and absorption
– Increases metabolism
– Improved germicidal action
– Relieves congestion
OTHER ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT
Conventional Hood Dryer– For drying hair
Electric Curling Irons For curling hair
Heating Caps For scalp treatments
Processing or Accelerating
Machine Accelerates hair services
Steamer or Vaporizer For facials
Vibrator
For massage
Blow Dryer
LIGHT THERAPY
Therapeutic Lamps– produce same rays as the sun.
– produce thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects.
Ultraviolet Rays (UV)– Short wavelengths
– Least penetrating rays
– Chemical effects
Benefits of Ultraviolet Rays– Kill germs
– Produce vitamin D on skin
– Treat psoriasis
– Treat acne
– Stimulate production of melanin
LIGHT THERAPY
Disadvantages of Ultraviolet Rays– May cause sunburn
– May cause skin cancer
Application of Ultraviolet Rays– Lamp should be 30 inches to 36 inches from skin.
– Exposure should last only 2 to 3 minutes
– Exposure can be increased gradually to 7 to 8 minutes.
Infrared Rays– 60% of natural light
– Penetrate the deepest
– Produce the most heat
– Have long wavelengths
LIGHT THERAPY
Visible Light Rays White light
Blue light
Red light
SUMMARY
• Electricity plays an important role in the everyday
operations of a cosmetology salon.
• A general understanding of electricity and the various
currents is very important because of the devices and
equipment used in salon services.
• We cannot perform skin care services safely and
effectively without understanding which form of electrical
current gives the best results for the desired service.