Post on 10-Feb-2017
transcript
05/01/2023
Role In Human Body
1
PROBIOTICS
05/01/2023 2
PRESENTATION BY
NAJJA TARIQ
05/01/2023 3
Introduction Term probiotic comes from Latin or Greek
pro, “before, forward”, and bios, or “life”.
Probiotics are “Live microbial feed supplements that have
beneficial effects on the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance”.
World Health Organization: “live microorganisms which when
administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”.
05/01/2023 4
Cont… Isolated from human and animal intestinal
tracts Dead bacteria, products derived from
bacteria, or end products of bacterial growth -not probiotics
Native bacteria-not probiotics, until isolated, purified, and proved to have a health benefit
05/01/2023 5
05/01/2023 6
Role of Probiotics in Human Body
Impact on colonizing microbiota
Impact on human health and disease
05/01/2023 7
Impact on colonizing microbiota Increase in the populations of the genus of
the fed probiotic strain Potentially change the overall intestinal
microbiota composition and increasing healthy strains growth
Prevent pathogenic bacterial overgrowth Colonize the gut walls, assist in their
functions and protect them from enemies
05/01/2023 8
Impact on human health and disease
Lactose Intolerance Bowel Transit Irritable Bowel Syndrome Gastrointestinal Infections Prevention of Systemic Infections Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Allergy Vaginal Infection Colon Cancer Vitamin production
05/01/2023 9
Lactose Intolerance Lactose can’t be digested Results in abdominal bloating, pain,
flatulence, and diarrhea Starter cultures bacteria in yogurt
(Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) also produce lactase
05/01/2023 10
Bowel Transit Time taken by food to travel from the
mouth to the anus One to three servings of fermented milk
containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 prevent constipation
L. rhamnosus Lcr35 improved symptoms of constipation in children
05/01/2023 11
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence Results from fermentations taking place in
the colon that may or may not generate gas Effective in IBS-either Bifidobacterium
infantis 35624 or A strain mixture
(L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus LC705, Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS)
05/01/2023 12
Gastrointestinal Infections Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Imbalance in the colonic microbiota caused
by antibiotic therapy L. rhamnosus GG and S. cerevisiae
(boulardii) Lyo, to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and S. thermophilus decrease the incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea
05/01/2023 13
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Disease Antibiotic treatment Diarrhea Disturbance of intestinal microbiota
Clostridium difficile overgrowth produces toxin
05/01/2023 14
Prevention of Systemic Infections Infections due to bacterial translocation in
people undergone surgical procedures or seriously ill with severe acute pancreatitis,
advanced liver cirrhosis, or multisystem organ failure
Severe acute pancreatitis treatment with L. plantarum 299V
Liver transplant patients received a synbiotic preparation (mixture of pro- and pre-biotics)
05/01/2023 15
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Includes Ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and
Crohn’s disease Results from abnormal activation of the
mucosal immune system against the gut microbiota
Causes abnormal inflammatory response that in turn causes ulcers in the gut that fail to heal, leading to chronic intestinal disease
05/01/2023 16
Cont… Standard treatment for remission in
patients with ulcerative colitis-oral preparation of Escherichia coli vs masalazine
The VSL#3 probiotic mixture proved highly effective for maintaining remission of chronic IBD
05/01/2023 17
Allergy Genetic hypersensitivity
Caused by imbalanced immune responses to environmental and harmless antigens (allergens)
Combination of L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and L. reuteri DSM 122460 beneficial in Atopic Dermatitis
05/01/2023 18
Vaginal Infection Caused by fecal microbes ascending into
the vaginal tract and Displacing the normal lactobacilli
microbiota L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus normalize
vaginal pH and re-balance vaginal flora
05/01/2023 19
Colon Cancer Probiotics effective in colon cancer
prevention Some Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
strains, or The combination of prebiotics and
probiotics
05/01/2023 20
Cont…
Decrease blood cholesterol level
Produce vitamin K, folic acid and vitamin B12
05/01/2023 21
Mechanism of Action
Structural Function
Protective Function
Regulation of the Immune Systems
Metabolic functions
05/01/2023 22
Protective Function Competitive inhibition Compete for nutrition and space and
receptor sites Kill the other microbes
directly by releasing antigens or Indirectly by stimulation of the human immune
system Displace or prevent the other microbes
from adhering to the GIT mucosa
05/01/2023 23
Stabilization of Gut Mucosal Barrier
Probiotics stabilize it byInhibiting damage to intestinal cell
junctionsImproving cell growth and survivalPromoting tissue repair Decreasing bacterial adhesion Secreting repair factors and nutrients
(e.g., short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, and simmunoglobulin A [IgA])
05/01/2023 24
Producing Antimicrobial Substances
Inhibiting pathogens such as Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, etc.
Organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid), reduce pH of the intestinal contents
Hydrogen peroxide, inhibits the growth of both Gram-positive & negative bacteria
carbon dioxide diacetyl bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like substances
05/01/2023 25
Structural Function
1 •Immune system development
2 •Reinforcing intestinal barrier effects
3 •Enhancing intestinal cell health and development
05/01/2023 26
Regulation of the Immune Systems Challenge the immune system in healthy way Stimulate natural and acquired immunity Impact infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune,
cancer & allergic disease, response to vaccines Modulate the functions of epithelial cells, phagocytes,
and natural-killers Enhance antibody responses to natural infections &
immunizations Induce cytokine production by a range of immune
cells
05/01/2023 27
Metabolic Function Aiding digestion and absorption of minerals,
especially calcium Producing organic acids Synthesis of vitamins Increasing mineral absorption Detoxifying carcinogens, Salvaging energy Decreases a variety of toxic or carcinogenic
metabolites
05/01/2023 28
Stimulation of Mucin Production Mucus acts as a barrier against invasion by
pathogens and toxins by acting as physical barrier housing antibodies that can bind
potentially harmful antigens releasing mucins into the intestinal tract
thereby removing bound pathogens from the intestinal cells
05/01/2023 29
Antibiotics Vs Probiotics Antibiotics: Emergence of
antibiotic resistance micro-organisms
Unpleasant side effects
Probiotics: Non- invasive Preventive Free from undesirable
side effects
05/01/2023 30
Side effects Dangerous for weakened immune systems or
serious illnesses Rare cases cause bloating, diarrhea, abdominal
pain If in excess cause infection Cause potential health problems like skin rash,
fever, bloody stools etc. No evidence for probiotic supplements to replace
the body's natural flora (when killed off) Do not undergo the testing and approval process
05/01/2023 31
Probiotic strains Streptococcus
salivarius ssp. thermophilus
Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis
Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Pediococcus acidilactici Saccharomyces
boulardii
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus brevis Bifidobacterium
adolescentis Bifidobacterium
bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Enterococcus faecium
05/01/2023 32
Dosage formStandard forms:
CapsulesSticksPowder blendsChewable tabletsliquid
05/01/2023 33
Criteria for Probiotics Exert a beneficial effect on the consumer Nonpathogenic, nontoxic, and free of
significant adverse side effects Retain stability during the intended shelf life Adequate number of viable cells to confer
the health benefit Compatible with product format Labeled in a truthful and informative
manner
05/01/2023 34
Probiotic sources Ingesting uncooked
fruits, vegetables, and dairy products
Routinely eating some live culture containing foodssuch as yogurt, kefir, or some fermented foods
Probiotic supplements
05/01/2023 35
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Saccharomyces boulardii
05/01/2023 36
Thank You For Listening