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Problem Based Learning
Problem Based Learning• Agenda
– What is PBL?– What does PBL look like?– What are the Benefits?– How do I create A PBL?– PBL in Sun West
WHAT IS PBL?
What is PBL?An instructional method which focuses on the investigation and resolution of messy, “real world” problems as a context for students to learn critical thinking and problem solving skills.
What is PBL?Students work individually and/or in groups to solve challenging problems that are authentic, curriculum-based, and often interdisciplinary”
What is PBL?Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is characterized by:• Meaningful Activity• Situated Learning• Open-ended Tasks• Collaborative Decision-Making and
Problem-Solving• Changed role of the Instructor
What is PBL?The “flow” of problem-based learning:
Problem Engagement
Inquiry and Investigation
problem definition
Problem Resolution
Problem Debriefing
Stepien & Gallagher
What is PBL?As distinguished from Project-Based Learning:
What is PBL?Break it down…Students assume a role in the problem scenario and are led through a process or cycle in which they:
1. pose questions, “learning issues,” identifying what they need to know in order to address the problem.
What is PBL?A helpful strategy for planning the problem:Develop an Problem Statement in which you anticipate what students might identify as the root issue. This format is the most common:
How can we [state the central issue]... so that [state the conditions for an acceptable solution]?
*This is to be used as a problem design tool, not something to provide to students. You’ll want students to define the real problem for themselves!
What is PBL?2) rank the learning issues in terms of
importance and decide who will investigate which issue.
3) identify needed resources and where they might be found.
4) gather needed information through individual and group investigation.
What is PBL?5) reconvene to integrate information.
6) generate and evaluate possible solutions.
7) make needed decisions or take agreed upon actions.
8) communicate results as appropriate for problem resolution.
What is PBL?9) step out of role to debrief on problem
solving experience.
What is PBL?
Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver From Education Psychology Review, Vol 16, No. 3, Sept. 2004
WHAT DOES PBL LOOK LIKE?
What does PBL Look Like?
Zilvinas Dambrauskas
What does PBL Look Like?
What does PBL Look Like?
Zilvinas Dambrauskas
What does PBL Look Like?From any Pacific Rim country, you may choose to research one of the following:
• a famous author• a well-known artist• a nationally recognized person• a style of music/dance• a holiday or other festival
We want to learn as much as possible about other countries. One way in which we can all learn more is to research and share different aspects of life, culture, and people in other countries.Prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you present your findings on a topic of your choice.
TRADITIONAL
What does PBL Look Like?Based on your reading and the statistics that you have interpreted, you are aware that new Canadians from Asia face a number of challenges, culturally, emotionally, educationally, and economically.
An immigrant family from <<select country>> has moved to Beechy, and two of the children will be attending Beechy School. What can be done to help the members of this family create a successful transition from their native culture to Canadian culture, retaining important native cultural values but at the same time adapting to the demands of life in the Canada and in Beechy in particular?.
PBL
What does PBL Look Like?Teachers =Active Coaches
• Diagnosing needs
• Mentoring learning
• Encouraging process
• Questioning thinking
• Modeling inquiry
What does PBL Look Like?Lecture
Role of Teacher:
• As expert:– Directs Thinking– Holds Knowledge– Evaluates Students
Lecture Role of Student:
• As receiver:– Inert– Inactive– Empty
What does PBL Look Like?Direct Instruction Role of Teacher:
• As conductor:– Orchestrates
learning– Guides rehearsal– Evaluates Students
Direct Instruction Role of Student:
• As follower:– Responsive– Semi-active– Waiting to be led
What does PBL Look Like?PBL
Role of Teacher:
• As coach:– Presents problematic
situation– Models, coaches, and
fades– Engages in process as
co-investigator– Assesses learning
PBL Role of Student:
• As participant:– Actively grapples
with the complexity of the situation
– Investigates and resolves problem from the inside
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?
PBL – The Benefits • Engages students.• Allows students to use a variety of
skills.• Gives students specific skills relating to
curriculum outcomes.• Opportunities to learn and practice
interpersonal skills.• Provides students a chance to practice
acquired skills (skills they will use in their adult life).
Center for Youth Development and Education - Boston
PBL – The Benefits • Expectations for learning and
accomplishments are included and known by students early in the project.
• Gives students time for reflection and critical thinking.
• PBL ends with a presentation or product that demonstrates learning.
Center for Youth Development and Education - Boston
HOW TO CREATE A PBL
How to Create a PBL1. Identify Learning Objectives
• Identify learning objective(s) for your PBL development; consider both content and process goals.
• Traditionally, how might these learning objectives be addressed? What kind of problem or activity would you assign?
How to Create a PBL2. Identify Real-World Context
• Name a realistic application of the concept
• Outline a scenario
How to Create a PBL
1. Think of one or more learning objectives in your course
2. Name a realistic application of the concept(s). Outline a scenario.
1. Think of a realistic scenario from the news, a videotape, or popular press article
2. What learning objectives for your course are evident in the scenario?
Two Schemes for Writing Problems
How to Create a PBL3. Draft the problem
Outline the problem (create a ‘story board’) First consider, “What will be on the first page?”
How to Create a PBL3. Draft the problem
Suggestions:• Good PBL problem has multi-page, multi-
stage construction – progressive disclosure.• Not all information given in chapter or text -
students look for resources.• Challenge students to come to consensus,
reach conclusions, and make judgments.
How to Create a PBL3. Draft the problem
Suggestions:• Good PBL problem has multi-page, multi-
stage construction – progressive disclosure.• Not all information given in chapter or text -
students look for resources.• Challenge students to come to consensus,
reach conclusions, and make judgments.
How to Create a PBL3. Draft the problem – Problem Types
Explanation or Analysis Problems ‘What is going on here?’
Decision or Dilemma Problems ‘What would you do?’ ‘What do you think?’
Task-Oriented ProblemsDoing an activity or carrying out a project - for example, interviewing patients or designing a brochure.
How to Create a PBLExample from Physics: Solving Problems Using Conservation of Momentum
Traditional End of Chapter Problem:
A 1500-kg car traveling east with a speed of 25 m/s collides at an intersection with a 2500-kg van traveling north at a speed of 20 m/s. Find the direction and magnitude of the velocity of the wreckage after the collision, assuming that the vehicles undergo a perfectly inelastic collision (ie, they stick together).
Serway and Faughn. 3rd ed. College Physics, Saunders, 1992
How to Create a PBL
How to Create a PBLFor presentation:• Basic features of course• Objectives for student learning• Synopsis of problem• Scenario for first page, including guiding
questions• What comes next?
How to Create a PBL
How to Create a PBL
How to Create a PBL
How to Create a PBL
Sources and strategies for Writing Problems
• Newspaper articles, news events• Popular press in the discipline• Make up a story – based on content objectives• Adapt a case to a problem• Research papers• Other?
4. Continue to draft the storyline beyond a sketchy scenario
Think about point-of-view, nature of the end-of-stage questions, suitability for ‘audience,’ alignment with problem and course objectives
4. Continue to draft the storyline beyond a sketchy scenario
• Remember: A good PBL problem leaves just the right information out!
• Challenge students to come to consensus, reach conclusions, and make judgments.
SUN WEST BPL CASES
ReferencesProblem Based Learning in Teacher educationhttps://org.elon.edu/t2project/ppt_docs/pbl.ppt
Problem based Learining - http://www2.waterforduhs.k12.wi.us/staffweb/sereno/mainpages/InfoLit/pbl%20presentation.ppt
Writing Effective PBL Problems Courtesy of Deborah Allen University of Delaware
Problem based Learningrds.sem-ums.ac.ir/edc/downloads/problem-based-learning.ppt
8 steps of PBL
ReferencesZilvinas Dambrauskasusmf.md/uploads/Downloads/.../lituania/Intruduction%20to%20PBL.ppt