Post on 09-Apr-2018
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PROBLEMS OF
AGRICULTURE
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INADEQUATE
SUPPORT
SERVICES
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Programs and projectsundertaken primarily bythe government mustreflect the measuresintended to improve both
the sector and the lives ofthe millions who rely on
agriculture.
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a) The provision of infrastructure Irrigation in areas where water supply is
scarce will be of great help to farmers,especially during periods of drought.
Farm-to-market roads are needed tofacilitate the exchange of products and easethe farmers burden of transporting their
harvest to the market. Facilities for processing and storing seeds
and grains are needed to keep the producefresh and prevent spoilage.
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b) Access to Credit Especially for small farmers to
purchase equipment &
necessary farm inputs.
Credit agencies that offerminimal interest on loans would
liberate farmers & fisher folkfrom usurious interest ratescharged by loan sharks.
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c) Subsidies for farm inputs &
implements Lowering production
expenses.
Provision for financialassistance.
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d) Support for research Development of modern,
scientific and safemethods & technology forincreasing production.
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In terms of funding allocation,government support in
agriculture & agrarian reformhas been declining.
This has been mainly due to
the governments commitmentto the policy of globalization.
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Table 1
National Budget Allocation for Agriculture and
Agrarian Reform 1998 to 2005 (in percent)
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
PercentageShare
4.66 4.63 4.21 3.09 3.78 3.99 2.93 2.86
Source: Department of Budget andManagement
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GATT-WTO An international trade
body that seeks todismantle protectionistpolicies in different
countries to facilitateborderless trade.
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With the removal of
government subsidies,farmers and fisher folkshoulder the ever-increasing cots ofproduction.
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FLAWED
GOVERNMENTPROGRAMS AND
FOREIGN CONTROL
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GREEN REVOLUTION Set its sight on increasing
production by modernizing
agriculture. Farmers were enticed to use high-
yielding varieties of rice and crops
(HYVs and HYCs) which requiredthe purchase and use of importedpesticides and fertilizers.
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MASAGANA 88 A credit program that gave
farmers financial assistance.
Imported seeds andagrochemical products weresold to the farmers whose only
means of acquiring suchexpensive inputs was throughthe credit program.
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HIGH VALUE CROPS
DEVELOPMENT ACT Passed into law in 1995.
Encouraged farmers to plantHVCs such as cutflowersand fruits instead of staples
in the hope of earning morefrom export.
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Agricultural modernization issupposed to result from theprivatization of importantagricultural agencies.
Food Terminal inc. Bureau of Animal Industry
Bureau of Plant Industry
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AFMA Failed to deliver modernization.
Paved the way for the rapid
conversion of agricultural landinto industrial areas.
118,000 (1991) 800,000(1998)
Legitimized the entry of Gm
crops in the country.
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MONSANTO One of the biggest
internationalagrochemical companies.Has been given
permission to test Bt-cornin local farms.
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TENURIAL
RELATIONS ANDEXPLOITATION
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The agricultural sector is incritical state because of theunjust relations betweenfarmers and landowners. 7
out of 10 farmers donthave their own land to till.
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Distribution of Landowners
Farm area # of owners % to Total Land Area % to Total
50.1- 9,466 0.46 1,854,179 20.79
24.1-50 20,353 0.99 654,828 7.34
15.1-24 48,376 2.35 912,790 10.24
12.1-15 33,929 1.64 454,963 5.10
7.1-12 158,879 7.70 1,451,412 16.28
3.1-7 414,209 20.08 1,934,289 21.68
3-below 1,377,508 66.78 1,655,550 18.56Total 2,602,720 100.00 8,918,011 100.00
Source: 1991 Statistical Yearbook on AgrarianReform
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Kasama system 50-90% of the harvest goes directly
to the landlord as payment for land
rent. Farmers are often forced to borrow
money & inputs from usurers who areusually the landlords themselves.
10,000-34,000 (This does not yetinclude the rent he has to pay)
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LAND REFORM
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LANDLESNESS The main reason why
despite the bountifulnatural resources that wehave, majority of Filipinos
are poor.