transcript
Experiences in biochemical diagnosis of suicide by analyzing
Serotonin in cerebrospinal fluid.PROCEEDINGS of The First
international Symposium ADVANCES IN LEGAL MEDICINE
+ Edited by Taizo Nagano
Contents
COMMEMORATIVE S P E C I A L L E C T U R E S J . Kondo (Japan)·
Prediction of Science in 21st Century 1
H. Manabe (Japan) · Expectations for Forensic Medicine Approaching
the 21st Century 5
G. Schmidt (FRG) : Advances in Forensic Medicine Towards the 21st
Century 11
W. Janssen (FRG) : Advances in Forensic Medicine and the Welfare of
Human Beings 20
Symposium _Theme I :
COMPARISON O F S Y S T E M S O F L E G A L
MEDICINE IN THE WORLD
Y. Mizoi (Japan) ·
Education, Research and System of Legal Medicine in Japan 31 G.
Schewe (FRG) : The Structure and Educational System of German Legal
Medicine 34
I — 1. Institution and Practice
M. S . L. Saigado (Sri Lanka) • Undergraduate and Post-Graduate
Medico-Legal Education and Practice in Sri Lanka 37
J . E . L. Pinto da Costa (Portugal) :
Medico-Legal Organization in Portugal 40
J . Ζ. Zhu, L. Wang. (P. R. China) The Current System of Forensic
Medicine in the P. R. China 43
P. M. Jablonsky (Czechoslovakia) : History, Present Status and
Future of Legal Medicine in Slovakia 45
O. Romo (Chile) Psychiatric Forensic Expertise and Imputability
48
G. Schmidt (FRG) : Forensic Medicine As an Interdisciplinary
Subject 52
P. Saukko (Finland) · The Medico-Legal System in Finland 54
A. Penttilä, P. J . Karhunen, M. Tenhu,
E . Vuori (Finland) · Deaths of Finns Abroad Revisited in Helsinki
* 57
B. Knight (United Kingdom) : The Ideal System of a Medico-Legal
Service 60
R. Breitenecker (USA) · The Current Status of Legal Medicine in the
USA 62
J . T. J i a (P. R. China) : On the Historical Development of
Forensic Medicine in China 65
T. Fukunaga, Y. Ueno, Κ. Yamamoto, Y. Mizoi,
S . Hishida, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada,
Y. Tatsuno (Japan) ·
Statistical Analysis of Unnatural Deaths in Hyogo and Shiga
Prefectures—Comparison of the Results of Inquests by Medical
Examiners and by Others 68
— ii -
Y. Katsumata, J . Nudeshima (Japan) · Unnatural Deaths: A
Comparison of Medico-
Legal Practices in Japan and the U.S.A. 71
I — 2 . Education
M. S taak , B. Madea (FRG) Undergraduate and Postgraduate Teaching
of Forensic Medicine in West Germany 74
P. Chandra Sekharan (India) · Medico-Legal Practice and Education
in India 80
Z. Marek (Poland) · Medical Error and Deontological Problems in
Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education in Poland · 83
J . E . L . Pinto da Costa (Portugal) Portuguese Medico-Legal
Education 88
T. C . Chao (Singapore) · Teaching of Forensic Medicine in
Singapore 91
J . T. J i a (P. R. China) : On the Medico-Legal Education in China
93
S . Alteza, J r . (Philippines) - Medico-Legal Education in the
Philippines 96
S . Oshida, Y. Ohno, S . Uchigasaki (Japan) :
Video Relay System from Legal Autopsy Room to Lecture Room 99 K.
Terazawa, H. Akabane, B. Wu, M. Nagao,
T. Takatori (Japan) :
Citation of Non-English Literatures - On the Obstruction of
Arteries by Typical Hanging 100
I ~ 3 . Medical L a w and Ethics
G. Schewe (FRG) : Recent Trends in Medical Law in Germany 103
— in —
Τ. Kanagawa (Japan) · The Present Situation of Informed Consent in
japan 108
A. Luna, P. Barroso (Spain) * Attitudes of Doctors towards Death,
Euthanasia and Informing Terminal Patients I l l
H. Harada, N. Furumoto, T. Shouman, M. A. Green
(Japan, United Kingdom) - Modeling and Estimation of Breath Alcohol
Concentration after Drinking * 114
H. Hattori, N. Yamamoto, J . Furuno (Japan) · Legal and Ethical
Aspects of AIDS Affair in Japan · 117
Symposium-Theme II :
P R O B L E M S WITH INSURANCE AND
COMPENSATION A F T E R TRAUMATIC INJURIES
Π — 1. Sequelae of Traumatic Injuries
W. Eisenmenger, G. Beier (FRG) · Medical Insurance Problems after
Trauma 121
T. Takatori (Japan) · Vehicle Collision Experiments at Low Speeds
and Medical Approaches 124 J . L iu , S . Song (P. R. China) : A
Preliminary Study on the Application of Visual Evoked Potential
(VEP) in Forensic Practice 127
X. L iu , P. Yu, X. Zhou, Y. Zhang (P. R. China) : Evaluation of
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Applied in the Forensic Practice
130
P. D. Niall (Australia) : Medical Tribunals in Workers Compensation
Disputes Developments in Australia · 133
— iv —
Μ. Hayashida, Μ. Nihira, Κ. Hirakawa,
Ν. Moriya, Υ. Tomita, Τ. Watanabe (Japan) · The Effect of Alcohol
on Diagnosis, Severity and Outcome of Injured Patients in Traffic
Accidents and Falling Victims 136
N. Ohashi, M. Doi, S . Misawa, K. Ono (Japan) The Relationship
between Impact Speed and Injury Severity in Motorvehicle-
Pedestrian Accidents 139
Π — 2 . Medical Care of Injuries and Responsibility of
Doctors
B. Knight (United Kingdom) : The Medical Malpractice and Negligence
Situation in Britain 142
M. C. S . Ribeiro, (Portugal) : Road Traffic Accidents. Insurance
and Compensation 144
T. Hiranuma (Japan) :
Medical Care on Traffic Accidents and Its Diagnostic Criteria *
147
C. Wakasugi (Japan) · Damages or Fatal Consequences of External
Injuries and Medical Treatment 151
Symposium-Theme IB:
1 - 1 . Time of Death
C. Henssge, B. Madea (FRG) · Estimation of the Time since Death
155
G. Beier, E . TutschrBauer, W. Wiesbock (FRG) Influence of
Temperature on Rigor Mortis 159
— ν —
G. Vacchiano, R. Massini, C. Romano (Italy) · The Post-Mortem
Demyelinization: A New Method for Estimation of Time after Death
162
G. Kauert, W. Eisenmenger (FRG) Experiences in Biochemical
Diagnosis of Suicide by Analyzing Serotonin in Cerebrospinal Fluid
167
A. Sawaguchi , J . Kotani, T. Funao, N. Nakada,
A. Koshizawa (Japan) · Death From Rapid Drowning: Findings of
Cerebral Blood Flow and Serum Haptoglobin 170
H. Sugie, T. Funao (Japan) · Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry and HPLC
of Vitreous Humor for the Estimation of Hours After Death 173
ffl"~2. Brain Death and Organ Transplantation
K. Hoshino (Japan) :
Bioethical Considerations on Brain Death and Organ Transplantation
176
M. Fukaya, Y. S a s a k i , S . Murakami, T. Nagano,
T. Kanagawa (Japan) - A Proposition Concerning the Brain Death Act
Legislation in Japan 179 B. Knight (United Kingdom) : The Present
Situation of Organ Transplantation in Great Britain 182
M. J . Carneiro de Sousa (Portugal) Brain Death. The Problem in
Portugal 184
D. -X. L i (P. R. China) : Pathology of Brain Death 187
— vi —
Involuntary Movements after Brain Death: Pathological Observations
in the Cervical Spinal Cord 190 Y. Kinoshita, K. Okamoto, T.
Yoshioka,
T. Sugimoto (Japan) :
Long-Term Organ Preservation in Brain Death
Maintained with Vasopressin and Catecholamine 193
R. Breitenecker (USA) : The Current Status of Organ Transplantation
in the USA 196
Y. Tatsuno, T. Fukunaga, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada,
M. Kane, S . Fu j iwara , J . Adachi, Y. Mizoi (Japan) ·
Neuropathological Studies on Brain Death 198 D. -X . L i (P. R.
China) :
Pathology of Brain Death—Delayed Traumatic Intracerebral Hematoma
(DTICH) 201
Symposium-Theme IV:
A D V A N C E S IN T H E F I E L D O F
F O R E N S i C PATHOLOGY
IV — 1. Application of Ultramicroscopy and
Enzyme-Histochemistry
M. Oehmichen (FRG) : Application of Immunohistochemisty in
Forensic Medicine 208
S . Shoumura, S . Emura, M. Ustumi, H. Isono,
Y. Bunai , I. Ohya (Japan) · Postmortal Changes of the Fine
Structure of the Liver 211
- v i i —
The Morphological, Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Studies on
Asphyxia 214
Τ. Kita, Y. Furuya (Japan) · Vasomotion of the Pulmonary Vessels
During Asphyxial Congestion 216
M. Yoshino, T. Kimijima, S . Miyasaka, H. Sato,
B. Miyake, S . Seta (Japan) · Ultrastructural and Cytochemical
Changes of Rabbit Brain in Hypoxic State 218
N. Kawaguchi, M. Mukaida, M. Saito, M. Okada,
N. Yamazaki, Y. Takada (Japan) :
The Ultrastructural Basis of Tinctorial Change of Collagen Fibers
in the Damaged Dermis 221
Y. Tatsuno, T. Fukunaga, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada, S . Fuj iwara, Y.
Ueno, Τ. Sawaguchi , Y. Mizoi (Japan) · Immunohistochemical
Approach to Alzheimer-Type Dementia 224
K. Yoshida, Y. Ogura, M. Masui, M. Yamazaki,
C. Wakasugi (Japan) :
A Histochemical Study of Calmodulin in Dog Myocardial Ischemia and
Autopsy Cases of Sudden Cardiac Death 227
A Luna, E . Osuna (Spain) · Are Biochemical Markers Necessary for
Post-Mortem Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction? 230
U. Hellerich (FRG) : Lectin Histochemistry- A Helpful Method to
Differentiate Early Pregnant from Non-Pregnant Endometrium
233
J . Ζ. Zhu, D. C. Wang (P. R. China) : Estimation of Time of
Injuries by Microscopic Localization and Quantification of
Nonspecific Esterase 235
P. J . Karhunen, A. Penttilä, P. Leinikki,
H. Brummer-Korvenkontio, M. _ L . Kantanen,
M. Nyberg (Finland) > Visually-Read Assay of the Vitreous Humour
in Rapid Screening for HIV in Necropsies 238
N. Tabata, M. Morita (Japan) · Studies on Livor Mortis. On the
Localization of Hemoglobin in the Human Skin Tissue by
Immunohistochemistry 241
M. Ogata, S . Kubo, O. Kitamura, W. Hirose,
I. Nakasono, T. Fukunaga, Y. Tatsuno (Japan) An Immunohistochemical
Demonstration of Hemoglobin in the Kidney of Battered Children
243
T. Fukunaga, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada,
Y. Tatsuno, Y. Mizoi, A. Yamashita (Japan) · Thymic Involution in
Abused/Neglected Children · · — · · 246
A. Nishimura, S . Fuj iwara, Y. Yanagida,
K. Nakanishi, Y. Mizoi (Japan) '· Cerebral Atrophy in Senile
Dementia and Normal Aging; A Quantitative Study Using Image
Analysing System * 249
O. Kitamura, S . Kubo, M. Ogata, M. Iwasaki,
W. Hirose, I. Nakasono (Japan) · Histopathological Studies of
Hypoxic and Ischemic Brain Damage and its Application to Forensic
Autopsy Cases 252
— ix —
Τ. Fuj ikura, Υ. Kominato, Η. Takizawa (Japan) · Forensic
Application of Post-Mortem Cerebral Angiography. 1. Subarachnoid
Bleeding 255
S . Takeichi, A. Tsuj i , Y. Seto, T. Saito (Japan) ·
Histological and Enzyme-Histochemical Studies on Cardiac Sudden
Death, Especially Acute Ischemic Cardiac Disease 258
Y. Ueno, Κ. Yamamoto, Τ. Imabayashi, Τ. Fukunaga, Y. Mizoi (Japan)
· Biogenic Amine Content of Human Carotid Body in the Cases of
Sudden Death 260
H. Fukushima, M. Ota, K. Tanaka ,
H. Hasekura (Japan) :
Using the Immunostaining Method and the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Amplification for Identifying Mixed-up Formalin-Fixed,
Paraffin-Embedded Tissues 263
K. Matsuura, Y. Bunai, X. J iang, A. Nagai, S . Yamada, I. Ohya, H.
Sawada (Japan) · Immunohistochemical Localization of Dihydrodiol
Dehydrogenases in the Lens and the Kidney 266
S . Miyasaka, T. Kimijima, M. Yoshino, H. Sato , B. Miyake, S .
Seta (Japan) · Immunohistochemical Demonstration of ABH Blood Group
Antigens in the Putrefied and Dried Skin Fragments 269
I V - 2 . Present Status of S IDS
A. Takatsu (Japan) :
Advances in Pathological Diagnosis of SIDS 272
G. Sorgo (Austria) · The Unexpected Sudden Death of a Child with
Unusual Pathological Findings 275
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P. Μ. Jablonsky, S . Dluholucky (Czechoslovakia) : Present Status
of SIDS in Central Slovakia 278
Y. Matsubara, K. Narisawa (Japan) :
Identification of a Common Genetic Mutation Responsible for Sudden
Infant Death Syndrome 280
Y. Tsuda (Japan) ·
Several Cases of Pediatric Forensic Study — The Second Report of
the Statistic and Sociomedical Review on Sudden Infant and Child
Death- • 282
Symposium-Theme V:
A D V A N C E S IN TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
V —1. Determination of Drugs and Poisons in T issues
H. Käferstein (FRG)
Methodology of Drug Detection in Body Fluids 285
G. Machata (Austria) · Sample Collecter (BSC 1) for Volatile
Substances in the Work Environment 288
T. Miyazaki, F . Chikasue, Μ. Yashiki , Τ. Kojima (Japan) · Carbon
Monoxide Hemoglobin Saturations in Left and Right Heart Blood from
Cadavers not Exposed to Fire or CO Gas 291
Y. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, Y. Fukui (Japan) '. Teratogenic Effects
of Methamphetamine 294
T. Marcinkowski, K. Borowiak, M. Parafiniuk (Poland) ·
Microcrystals in the Toxicological and Histological Analysis in
Cases of Intoxication with Ethylene Glycol · 297
— xi —
Η. Seno, Ο. Suzuki , Τ. Kumazawa, Μ. Asano (Japan) · Isolation of
Medico-Legally Important Drugs with SEP-PAK C i 8 Cartridges Using
Chloroform as Elution Solvent 299
B. Hu, M. L i u , Z. Wang, Y. Yang, X. Deng,
G. L i , H. L i , Q. L iang , P. S u (P. R. China) : Studies on
Aconitine Toxicology 302
B. Hu, K. Yun, M. L i u , Z. Wang (P. R. China) : Toxicokinetic
Studies of Cantharidin in Rabbits 305
C. Moore, K. Sa to , H. Hattori, Y. Katsumata (Japan) · The
Determination of Cephalosporins Using Super Microbore High Pressure
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 308
J . Adachi , Y. Tatsuno, Y. Ogawa, K. Nakagawa,
Y. Mizoi (Japan) · Greenish Discoloration of Skin and Formation of
Sulfhemoglobin Caused by Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning and
Putrefaction 311
K. Ameno, C . Fuke , S . Ameno, T. Kiriu, T. Shinohara, K. Sogo, I.
Ijiri (Japan) ;
A Rapid and Sensitive Quantitation of Amitraz in Plasma by Gas
Chromatography With Flame Thermionic Detection 3 1 !
T. Kiriu, K. Ameno, C . Fuke , S . Ameno, T. Shinohara, K. Sogo, I.
Ijiri (Japan) · In Vivo and in Vitro Studies of Regional Brain
Distribution of Toluene 317
Y. Kuroiwa, K. Aoki, T. Watanabe,
Y. Kuroiwa (Japan) ·
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Methamphetamine, Morphine and
Benzoylecgonine 320
Τ. Nagano, Τ. T a k a y a s u , Τ. Ohshima,
Η. Maeda (Japan) :
An Analytical Method for Volatiles in the Biological Materials by
Pulse Heating 323
Μ. Nihira, Κ. Hirakawa, Μ. Hayashida,
Υ. Tomita, Ν. Moriya, Τ. Watanabe (Japan) :
Changes of Acetic Acid Concentration of Various Rat Tissues After
Ethanol Injection 326
T. Shinozuka, N. Kuroda, T. Murai, S . Takei , K. Kurihara, J .
Yanagida (Japan) :
Determination of Microamount of Mefenamic Acid by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography 329
K. Terazawa , L . J i , M. Nagao, T. Takator i , K. Aoki, Y.
Hirose, Y. Kuroiwa (Japan) - Production and Characterization of
Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Methamphetamine Raised Against
a New Antigen 332
M. Tomita, T. Okuyama, S . Watanabe,
B. Uno, S . Kawai (Japan) '· Liquid Chromatographic Determination
of
Glyphosate and its Metabolite in Serum 335
G. Huang, Y. Zhang, L . L i , X. Sung, Z. Wang, L . Qiao (P. R.
China) :
Toxicological Pathological Study of Lei Gong Teng (Tripterygium
Wilfordii Hook) 338
C . Romano, A. Malorni, A. Acampora,
G. Vacchiano, M. Esposi to , R. De Mercato · Experiences in Legal
Medicine about Antiparassites Toxic Substances and Human
Nourishment 341
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W. Bonte (FRG) : Advances in Congener Analysis • 311
K. Kimura, T. Nagata, K. Kudo, T. Imamura (Japan) · Determination
of Kerosene and Light Oil Components in Blood 317
E . Logemann, C. Müller, Ε. Keller (FRG) : Pharmacokinetics of
Diazepam in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome 350
L. v. Meyer, W. Hanisch, G. Kauert,
G. Drasch (FRG) :
K. Terazawa, K. Miyazaki (Japan) :
Transport Characteristics of Paraquat Across Rat Intestinal Brush
Border Membrane 356
C. Fuke, K. Ameno, S . Ameno, T. Kiriu,
T. Shinohara, K. Sogo, I. Ijiri (Japan) '·
Simultaneous Determination of Paraquat and Diquat in Biological
Materials Using Second-Derivative Spectroscopy and High-Performance
Liquid Chromatography 359 K. Gonmori, N. Yoshioka (Japan) · Effect
of Mushroom Toxin on Biogenic Amines of Rat Brain 362
K. Hirakawa, M. Nihira, M. Hayashida,
IM. Moriya, Y. Tomita, T. Watanabe (Japan) · Assesment of the Brain
Lesions of the Rats on Acute Ethanol Poisoning Using Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) 365
- x iv —
J . Nishigami, Τ. Ohshima (Japan) ·
Screening and Quantitation of Drugs and Poisons in Blood and Urine
in Emergency Medical Care and Legal Autopsy Cases 368
K. Sato, Y. Mizuno, C. M. Moore, K. Tamaki,
Y. Katsumata (Japan) '·
Storage of Blood for Methemoglobin Determination: Effect of Various
Buffers on the Storage of Hemolysates 371
I. Yamamoto, T. Matsunaga, H. Kobayashi, K. Watanabe, H. Yoshimura
(Japan) · Pharmaco-Toxicity of p-Coumaroyltyramine and
Feruloyltyramine in Marihuana 374
K. Yamazaki, E . Tanaka, N. Shimojo,
S . Misawa (Japan) ·
The Validity of Measurements of Locomotor Activity as Evidence of
Exposure to Toluene 377
Symposium-Theme VI:
METHODOLOGY IN F O R E N S I C S E R O L O G Y AND
STAIN ANALYSIS
VI — 1. Sero _ Genetic Procedures P. Hooft, H. van de Voorde
(Belgium) · The Zinc Spot Test as a Tool for the Primary
Identification of Human Seminal Stains 381
R. lida, T. Yasuda, D. Nadano, K. Kishi (Japan) ·
Intensification of Peroxidase-Diaminobenzidine Staining Using
Gold-Sulfide-Silver: A Simple and Highly Sensitive Detection Method
for Immunoblotting 384
— xv -
Y. Furusawa, Υ. Uchimura, S . Tsunenari (Japan) · Forensic Biology
of Human Hepatic Bile: Its Application to the Determination of
Species Specificity and ABO Blood Type of Feces 387
S . Kubo, M. Iwasaki, O. Kitamura, M. Ogata,
I. Nakasono (Japan) · The Effect of Soil Fungi on Changes in the
Specificity of the ABO Blood Groups and on the Degeneration of Hair
390
Y. Tamaki, T. Kishida (Japan) · Experience with Anti-Mouse
IgG/Anti-Peroxidase Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody in ELISA and Dot
Immunobinding for GM Typing 393
M. Wu, Z. J in (P. R. China) : Phenotyping of GC in Human Semen
Stains Using IEF Followed by Enzyme Immunoassay 396
T. Matsuki, T. Nakajima, K. Furukawa (Japan) · Application of
Anti-H Active Antibodies and Lectins to the Detection of Human
Blood Group Η Substances 399
T. Kogure, M. Sagi , Y. Kuwaki, K. Yamazaki,
M. Kitahama (Japan) ·
Detection and Activity of Blood Group A and Β Gene-Encoded
Glycosyltransferases in Human Seminal Plasma and Cerebrospinal
fluid 402 S . Ito. K. Matsui, K. Suzuki , H. Matsumoto,
Y. Mizoi (Japan) '· A Simple Extraction Procedure for ABO Group
Typing of Bloodstain by Dot ELISA Method 405
— xvi —
Κ. Sodesaki , Α. Kimura, Τ. Tsuji
F . Matsumura (Japan) Cell Surface ELISA for Detection of Anti-ABO
and Anti -MN Blood Group Antibodies 108
Ρ. Κ. Chattopadhyay, Μ. Κ. Thakkar (India) ABO Blood Groups from
Hair 111
A. Kimura, M. Osawa, S . Yasuda,
H. Ikeda, T. Uda, S . Nakashima
M. Ohta, T. Tsuji (Japan) ·
On Monoclonal Antibodies to Epitopes Specific for Species in
Primates 415 T. Nagano, T. Ohshima, H. Maeda,
Y. Fuj ioka (Japan) '·
Species Identification of Minute Bloodstains by Simultaneous
Precipitin Reactions in an Agarose Gel after Electrophoresis 418 B.
Wang, J . J i a , D. Chen (P. R. China) On the Species
Discrimination of Animal Bloodstains by Polyacrylamide Gel
Isoelectrofocusing 421
J . Guo, A. Fan (P. R. China) ' Determination of Phenotypes of
Salivary Amylase in Saliva and Saliva Stains by IEF and Silver
Staining 424
K. Akiyama, Y. Ito, H. Kimura (Japan) :
Characterization of a New Protein Which Binds Actin in Seminal
Plasma and Saliva 427
H. Matsumoto, T. Fukae, S . Kubo, O. Kitamura, M. Iwasaki, I.
Nakasono, M. Ogata (Japan) · Subtyping of the Group Specific
Component (Gc) in Semen and in Seminal Stains 430
- xv ii -
S . Abe, Κ. Hiraiwa (Japan) ·
New Form of ^Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Human Seminal Plasma and
It's Application to Forensic Medicine 433
K. Suzuki , S . Ito, H. Matsumoto,
Y. Mizoi (Japan) ·
Three Hereditary Subtypic Patterns detected in the Ba Fragment of
Complement Factor Β 435
S . Nakamura, K. Omoto, O. Ohue, K. Yamashita, J . Ochi, K.
Akiyama, A. Sawaguchi (Japan) :
C1R Polymorphism in the Japanese Population 438
H. Nishimukai, K. Shinomiya,
Genetically Controlled Variants of Antithrombin III 441
Κ. Umetsu, I. Yuasa , Τ. Suzuki (Japan) · Orosomucoid (ORM) Typing
by Isoelectric Focusing: Effect of Protease Treatment and Stability
in Bloodstains 44 1
I. Yuasa , K. Umetsu, N. Nakayashiki, N. Tamaki,
H. Shiono, K. Okada (Japan) ·
Urosomucoid (ORM) Typing by Isoelectric Focusing: An Improved
Method for ORM1 Subtyping and the Reactivity of Anti-Human ORM
Antibodies with Animal ORM 447 A. Tamura, K. Suzuki , S . Ito, H.
Matsumoto, Y. Mizoi (Japan) · Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis Analysis of Postmortem Change in Brain Proteins
450
— xviii —
Y. Kamitani, K. Tomita (Japan) ·
Transformation of Genetic Markers in Blood with BMT and Problems in
Legal Medicine 453
V I - 2 . DNA Polymorphisms
Κ Sullivan, P. Gill (United Kingdom) The Potential Use of PCR in
Forensic Analysis 456
K. Suzuki , S . Ito, H. Matsumoto, Y. Mizoi (Japan) · Restriction
Fragment Length Polymorphisms Associated with Immunoglobulin Gamma
Switch Regions in Man 459
I. Saka i , K. Kasa i , K. Yoshida, H. Mukoyama, S . Seta (Japan)
:
DNA Analysis Using Single Locus VNTR Probes and Its Application to
the Individualization of Human Bloodstains 462
C. Rittner, L . Braun _Heimer,
P. M. Schneider (FRG) : The Use of PCR-Amplified DNA in Paternity
Testing and Stain Analysis · · — — * — ^-465
T. Yokoi, M. Nata, Y. Aoki, K.
Sagisaka (Japan) ·
Contribution of DNA Analysis on Paternity Test 468 C. Rittner, U.
Schacker, G. Rittner,
B. Holtkamp, Ε. Bohnke, Η. Η. Sonneborn,
P. Μ. Schneider (FRG) :
DNA Polymorphisms in Paternity Testing: The Use of Minisatellite
Probe MZ 1.3 in Incest, Deficiency, Antenatal and Postmortem Cases
471
— xix —
Μ. Ota, Η. Inoko, Α. Ichinose, Κ. Tsu j i ,
Η. Fukushima, Η. Hasekura (Japan) >
Application of Modified PCR-RFLP Method in Forensic Science ··•· 17
1
S . Harada, T. Nakamura, S . Misawa (Japan) :
Investigation of DNA Polymorphism by Amplification Strategy
177
Y. Yang, X. Wu, C. Luo, X. Liu (P. R. China) :
Differentiation of Sex Origin of Bloodstains by Dot Hybridization
with Y-Chromosome Specific Probe · 180
M. Nakai, F . Moriya, Y. Hashimoto, H. Ishizu,
R. Nanikawa (Japan) · Sex Identification from Contaminated Human
Bloodstains by DNA Analysis 183
Y. Yamamoto, A. Nakanishi, H. Ishizu (Japan) · Sex Determination of
Forensic Biological Materials by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
186
Μ. Wu, G. Sun (P. R. China) : Sex Determination of Hairs by
Analysis of Amplified DNA Sequences 189
K. Honda, S . Harihara, T. Nakamura, M. Hirai, S . Misawa (Japan) ·
Identification of a Dead by DNA Extracted from a Fragment of Bone
or a Single Tooth 192
T. R. Kumari, P. Chandra Sekharan (India) '· Authenticity of DNA
Fingerprinting 495
E. Naito, K. Dewa, M. Fukuda, H. Yamanouchi,
R. Kominami (Japan) :
- xx -
J . Ochi, Y. Tatsuno (Japan) •
Detection of DNA Polymorphisms by Using PCR Method and Its
Application to Forensic Identification 499
ML Wu, G. Sun (P. R. China) : Application of the Polymerase Chain
Reaction in Forensic Science Practice 502
A. Akane, K. Matsubara, H. Shiono, S . Takahashi ,
Y. Nakahori, M. Yamada, Y. Nakagome (Japan) :
Forensic Application of Hyper-Variable DNA Polymorphisms and Sex
Determination by Polymerase Chain Reaction 504
A. F . Vuorio, A. Sajant i la , T. Hamalainen,
A " C . Syvänen, L. Peltonen,
C . Ehnholm (Finland) : Amplification of the Hypervariable Region
of the Apolipoprotein Β Gene: A Suitable Method for Solving
Forensic Problems ·-—··———·———·———·•—• 507
K. Tamaki , T. Yamamoto, R. Uchihi,
Y. Katsumata (Japan) '· Distribution of HLA-DQA1 Genotypes in the
Japanese Population · 510 C. Luo , X. Wu, H. Du, Y. Yang,
X. L iu (P. R. China) : The Study on DNA RFLPs Detected by pAWlOl
Probe in the Population of Guangdong, China 513
T. Rothämel, W. Keil, Η. D. Tröger (FRG) : DNA-Profiling with
VNTR-Probes - Allelic Frequencies of Hinfl-RFLPs Detected by
pHINS310, pMUC7 and pMR24/l 516
— xxi —
Th. Riepert, Ch. Rittner (FRG) :
Importance of Identification of Corpses by X-Ray Comparison *
522
R. Neshige, Y. Kuroda, R. Kakigi, F . Fuj iyama,
R. Matoba, K. Takada (Japan) ·
Electroencephalography as an Objective Index of Photograph
Recognition. Application to Simulated Criminal Investigation
525
N. Oguri (Japan) '·
— xxii —
EXPERIENCES IN BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF SUICIDE BY ANALYZING
SEROTONIN IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
G.Kauert and W. Eisenmenqer
I n t r o d u c t i o n :
M E A N V A L U E S O F 5 - H T
ρ '. a . a a c s S = SUICIDES
C = CONTROLS
D i s t u r b a n c e s i n s e r o t o n i n (5-HT) m e t a b o l
i s m a r e i m p l i c a t e d i n t h e p a t h o g e n e s i s o
f a g g r e s s i v e and a u t o a g g r e s s i v e b e h a v i o
u r o f p a t i e n t s . T h i s h a s been e v i d e n c e d by
numerous s t u d i e s i n t h e p a s t .
I n e a r l i e r and r e c e n t s t u d i e s we found s i g n i
f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s between t h e 5-HT c o n c e n t
r a t i o n s a n a l y z e d i n lumbar a s w e l l a s c r a n i
a l c e r e b r o s p i n a l f l u i d ( CSF) o f s u i c i d e
and n o n - s u i c i d e v i c t i m s ( F i g . l ) (KAUERT e t a
l . , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 9 0 ) . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s c a n n
o t be e x p l a i n e d by a g o n a l s t r e s s , p o s t
mortem d e l a y o r age and s e x . T h e a p p l i c a t i o n o
f t h i s method i n F o r e n s i c m e d i c a l r o u t i n e
work i n o r d e r t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e between a c c i d
e n t , h o m i c i d e and s u i c i d e r e q u i r e s a
CRANIAL h i g h e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e o f a s i n g l e r e
s u l t . T h e r e f o r e , i n a
F i g . l : from K a u e r t e t a l . 1 9 8 6 v e r y r e c e n t
s t u d y we b l i n d l y a n a l y z e d 5-HT i n lumbar CSF o
f
38 randomly s e l e c t e d c a s e s ( w i t h o u t knowledge o f
t h e a u t o p s y r e s u l t ) and from t h e 5-HT c o n c e n t
r a t i o n s m e asured we a s s i g n e d t h e c a s e s t o e i
t h e r s u i c i d e o r n o n - s u i c i d e . A f t e r w a r d
s we compared t h e b i o c h e m i c a l d i a g n o s i s w i t h
t h e a u t o p s y r e s u l t s and a n a l y z e d t h e r a t e
c f c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . The d a t a c f t h i s s t u d y
a r e p r e s e n t e d on t h e F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a
l Symposium on Ad v a n c e s i n L e g a l M e d i c i n e ,
Kanazawa, J a p a n , O c t . 1 2 t h t o 15 t h , 1990.
Methods: A) S a m p l i n g o f CSF: Lumbar CSF i s c o l l e c t e
d d u r i n g a u t o p s y by v e n t r a l p e r f o r a t i o n
o f t h e i n t r a v e r t e b r a l d i s k L 3/4 o r L 4/5 a f t
e r r e m o v a l o f t h e i n t e s t i n a l t r a c t The f i r
s t p o r t i o n o f 2 - 4 ml h a s t o be t a k e n f o r a n a l
y s i s . The s a m p l e s h a v e t o be f r o z e n d e e p l y
w i t h i n o f max. 2 h o u r s . O n l y s a m p l e s a b s o l
u t e l y f r e e o f b l o o d c o n t a m i n a t i o n a r e a d
m i t t e d . B) A n a l y t i c a l s o f 5-HT: 5-HT i s i s o l a
t e d from CSF v i a an i o n exc h a n g e r e s i n and s e p a r
a t e d from o t h e r endogenous compounds by HPLC and d e t e c t
e d by an e l e c t r o c h e m i c a l d e t e c t o r (WATERS) e
q u i p p e d w i t h a g l a s s y c a r b o n w o r k i n g e l e
c t r o d e and a AG/AgCl r e f e r e n c e e l e c t r o d e . The
w o r k i n g p o t e n t i a l i s s e t on 0.7 V. The d e t e c t
i o n l i m i t o f t h e method i s 0.1 ng/ml.
- 167-
R e s u l t s and d i s c i s s i o n : I n fig.2 a l l c a s ; s t
h e 5- HT v a l u e s o f t h e d i f f e r e n t
5 — HT / CSF g r o u p s a r e s p o t t e d . I n 37 c a s e s i n
v e s t i g a t e d t h e r e were 34 c a s e s w i t h u n e q u i
v o c a l d i a c n o s e s of d e a t h by a u t o p s i e s . 2 3
o f t h e s e were s u i c i c e s and 11 o f them h o m i c i d e
and a c c i d e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y . H i g h 5-HT c o n c
e n t r a t i o n s 20ng/ml) f i t t e d i n 17 o f 23 c a s e s o
f s u i c i d e , w h e r e a s low 5-HT c o n c e n t r a t i o n
s ]5ng/ml we
cameof death: 0 = unclear. I msuckle. 2 - homicide. 3 - accident f
O U n d 1Π 9 O f .1 C d S e S . W i t h t h e 4 - f i e l d s c h i
s q u a r e t e s t we c a l c u l a t e d a c h i 2 v a l u e c f
9.3745 ( P= 0 . 0 0 2 1 7 ) .
F i g . 2 I n t h e 3 c a s e s w i t h code = 0 t h e s i t u a t
i o n s a r e u n c e r t a i n . From t h e 5-HT c o n c e n t r a
t i o n s t h e y c o u l d l e s u i c i d e c a s e s . C a s e
No 1 i s p r o b l e m a t i c a l l y i n so f a r a s " h i s i s
a s u i c i d e committed t o g e t h e r w i t h h i s mother
(aut-No Γ21090) on t h e one hand b u t t h i s p e r s o n was m e
n t a l l y d i s t u r b e d on t h e o t h e r hand. A l s o a c
o n f u s i o n o f t h e CSF s a m p l e s c o u l d n o t be e x
c l u d e d . C a s e No 2 m i g h t i n f a c t be a p o s s i b l
e s u i c i d e from t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s a t t h e s c
e n e o f c r i m e . C a s e No 3 p r i m a r y was d i a g n o s
e d a s a c a r d i o c a s c u l a r f a i l u r e . A p o s t i n
v e s t i g a t i o n by t o x i c o l o g i c a l a n a l y s e s
r e s u l t e d i i a t o x i c serum l e v e l o f a m i t r i p t
y l i n e (428 ng/ml) s u g g e s t i n g an o v e r d o s e ! I n
t h e group o f s u i c i d e (code 1) t h e r e a r e some c a s e
s w i t h s t r i k i n g low 5-HT c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . 2
o f t h e s e e x h i b i t a c a s e h i s t o r y o f h e a v y i
l l n e s s ( c a n c e r and p a r a p l e g i a r?.sp.) and were
members o f a german s o c i e t y w h i c h from one c a r g e t s
a f e methods f o r c o m m i t t i n g s u i c i d e . I t m i g h
t be t h a t t h e low c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f 5-HT r e s u
l t e d from a l a c k i n g a u t o e g g r e s s i o n o r from t
h e i l l n e s s i t s e l f . C a s e No.8 i s t h e mother o f
above m e n t i o n e d c a s e of m e n t a l l y d i s t u r b e
d man, who committed s u i c i d e t o g e t h e r w i t h h e r
son by d r i v i n g h e r c a r i n t o a r i v e r . The r e m a
i n i n g c a s e s 26 a l l show a t h e r a p e u t i c serum l e
v e l o f t r i c y c l i c a n t i d e p r e s s a n t s l i k e a
m i t r i p t y l i n e , some o f w h i c h a r e w e l l known t
o d e c r e a s e t h e 5-HT s y n t h e s i s a f t e r c h r o n
i c a l u p t a k e , however, n o t a f t e r a c u t e d osage
(VAN PRAAG, 1 9 8 1 ) . The group o f h o m i c i d e and a c c i d
e n t ( c o d e s 2 and 3) c o n t a i n s 2 c a s e s w i t h h i
g h 5-HT c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . C a s e No.31 e x h i b i t
s a v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g h i s t o r y from s c i e n t i
f i c p o i n t o f view. The man was d i s c o v e r e d and t h e
n k i l l e d by h i s son, w h i l e he m a l t r e a t e d h i s
w i f e p o s s i b l y w i t h i n t e n t i o n of k i l l i n g
h e r . T h i s c a s e m i g h t be an i n d i c a t o r t h a t h
i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f 5-HT a r e c o r r e l a t e
d w i t h t h e r a t e o f a g g r e s s i o n . The s e c o n d c
a s e c o u l d n o t be e l u c i d a t e d . I t i s an a l c o h
o l i c and tramp we a r e d e a l i n g w i t h h e r e , who was
s t r a n g a l a t e d by
- 1 6 8 -
a n o t h e r tramp. The r e a o n f o r h i s r e l a t i v e h i
g h 5-HT c o n c e n t r a t o r ! must r e m a i n u n c l e a r a
t p r e s e n t .
Conclusion;: Our method a n a l y z i n g t h e c o n c e n t r a t
i o n o f 5-HT i n lumbar CSF p r o v i d e s t i e p o s s i b i l
i t y o f d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n between s u i c i d e and
non-s'.icide w i t h a h i g h e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e . From
our e x p e r i e n c e ; , however, t h e r e a r e some f a c t o
r s t o be c o n s i d e r e d a s d e s c r i b e d above. Of p a
r t i c u l a r c r i m i n a l i s t i c i n t e r e s t a r e s u
s p e c t e d l o m i c i d e s w h i c h a r e p r e t e n d e d a
s s u i c i d e . From our h o m i c i d e iases i n v e s t i g a
t e d we c o u l d e v i d e n c e t h a t a g o n a l s t r e s s
o r >anic r e a c t i o n s , w h i c h p r o v a b l y t o o k
p l a c e i n a l o t o f c a s e s , l a s no i n f l u e n c e on
t h e 5-HT c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n CSF. T h i s o b s e r v a
t i o n i s i n agreement w i t h s t u d i e s o f LUNA e t a l .
( 1 9 8 2 ) , who i n v e s t i g a t e d 5-HT i n CSF a f t e r s
h o r t and p r o l o n g e d l e a t h agony. From our r e s u l t
s we s u g g e s t t h a t t h e d e g r e e o f a g g r e s s i o
n and a u t o a g g r e s ; i o n r e s p e c t i v e l y i s a s s
o c i a t e d w i t h t h e r a t e o f 5- HT c o n c e n t a t i o
n i n t h e CSF. The c r u c i e l q u e s t i o n o f t h e c e n
t r a l o r i g i n o f t h i s 5-HT h a s t o be c l a r . f i e d
. And a s p r e l i m i n a r r e s u l t we c o u l d s t a t e t
h a t t h e p i n e a l o r g a n may be i n v o l v e d , b e c a
u s e i n o u r s t u d i e s we found a n e g a t i v e c o r r e
l a t i o n between t h e p i n e a l and lumbar CSF 5-HT c o n c e
n t r a t i o n s (KAUERT e t a l . 1 9 9 0 ) . S h o u l d D e s c
a r t e s (1596-1650 be r i g h t w i t h h i s a s s u m p t i o n
o f t h e p i n e a l b e i n g t h e s e a t o: t h e s o u l
?
L i t e r a t u r e
Kauert,G., Zucker,T. Gilg,T. and Eisenmenger,W.: Measurements o f b
i o g e i i c a m i n e s and m e t a b o l i t e s i n t h e c s f
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215-226
A d r e s s : G.KAUERT ;nd W.EISENMENGER, Department o f L e g a l
M e d i c i n e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Munich, F r a u e n l o b
s t r a s s e 7a, D-8000 München 2, FRG.
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