How can hydrogen contribute to a zero waste society?

11th WIEF Masterclass on zero waste

Kuala Lumpur, November 3, 2015

Pieternel Claassen et al.

Food & Biobased Research

FBR’s 2 business units:

-Fresh Food Chains

-Biobased Products R&D for chemistry,

materials

energy

Mobilisation (Bio)Conversion

Applications

Zero waste, cradle to cradle, circular

economy

CO2 + H2O

CnHmOp + O2

Heat

Products

Why hydrogen?

Most widely-used chemical e.g. for fertiliser, food, oil refinery and electronics

: Fuel for fuel cells: H2 and O2 to electricity, heat and water

Fuel cell properties

Benefits of fuel cells:

● Superior efficiency (70%) as compared to combustion (35%)

● Low maintenance, no noise, robust

● Zero emission: no emission of NOx, SOx, CO or CO2 particulates, organic volatiles

● Reliable and can be used as stand alone

● Scalable to fit any power need

Challenges:

● Cost

● Durability

Examples of FC applications

Toyota PEM fuel cell vehicle

Sources: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013 and Fuel Cells 200www.fuelcelltoday.com,www.fuelcells.org,www.intelligent-energy.com

FC-CHP units in JA and GE outselling micro CHP’s

Hyster hydrogen forklift truck

Adobe’s gas to power FC’s to

supply 9.5 GWh per year

Upp rechargeable fuel cell charger

Fuel cell applications and supply

Portable Stationary Transport

Power range

5 W - 20 kW kW to MW 1kW - 100 kW

Examples Torches, cameras, battery chargers, mp3 players,communication/navigation, auxiliarypower units

Combined Heat and Power units (micro/large),uninterruptible power supplies (telecom, off-grid back up)

Cars, trucks and buses,materials handling trucks

Supply Trailer/pressure vessels

Pipeline for H2 or on-site production (SMR or electrolysis)

Pipeline, on-site, cryogenic tank trailer

Sources: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com and Mulder et al. IHJE 32, 2007

Filling stations world wide

Domestic FC CHP units in ENE-Farm

Number of FC CHP units sold in Japan

and subsidy per unit. Currently > 100 000

2 million Yen = MYR 64439

Source: www.fuelcelltoday.com Feb 2013

CHP: Combined Heat and Power or

electric and thermal energy in a single process

Distribution of fuel cell power

Source: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com

Largest application is in stationary fuel cell systems!

Fuel cell distribution world-wide

Asia is dominant in adopting FC technology

Source: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com

Overview on H2&FC Government Strategy

and Funding (reinhold.wurster@lbst.de)

o In Europe, Denmark, Germany, Norway, and the EU have 200 M€ cumulative spending for technology validation, pilot infrastructures for transport and stationary applications.

o The US programs are motivated by security of supply and Californian zero emission goals. Lately public spending to about 250 M$. Total budget is higher than in Europe.

o Canada has significant research and demonstration activities (e.g. H2 highway, H2 village) with annual budgets of tens of M$.

o In China electric vehicle fleets including FC vehicles are subsidized. The goals for 22 metropolitan regions are 60 000 electric vehicles by 2012 and subsidies of 11 B$.

o India has an H2&FC introduction program of 3.7 B€ through 2020.

o Japan and Korea have programs for market introduction of stationary FCs through 2012/15 and commercial FCVs by 2015. Japanese budgets are similar to US and EU.

Circular economy: Anaerobic digestion

Organic matter

Organic acidsH2 and CO2

CH4 and CO2

Acetogenesis

Methanogenesis

Circular economy: H2 and CH4 production

Organic matter

Organic acidsH2 and CO2

CH4 and CO2

Gas upgrading

H2

Acetogenesis

Methanogenesis

Examples of world wide biohydrogen pilots

Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, The Netherlands; straw, potato steam peels, vegetable residues, verge grass; integrated systems

Feng Chia University, Taiwan; wastewater beverage industry

UKM Bangi, Malaysia; oil palm residues

Nagarjuna Fertilizers & Chemicals, Hyderabad, India; Sorghum bagasse

Glamorgan University, UK; co-product flour milling

Petrobras Campinas, Brasil: brewery waste

HyTIME, an FCH JU project

In HyTIME:

• 9 partners

• 6 countries

• 2 universities, 1research organisations, 6 industries

• Start at Jan 1, 2012

• End at June 310, 2015

• Total budget MMYR 11.7

• FCH-JU grant MMYR 5.3

www.hy-time.eu

Increase of productivity by cell retention

SEM of Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis on zeolite

Packed bed reactor with

C. saccharolyticus and

C. owensensis on HDPE carriers

225 L reactor: >100 g hydrogen/day

Gas upgrading for low P and T

• Pressure Swing Adsorption• Membrane contacter

Biohydrogen at Feng-Chia University in

Taichung

500 L reactor for biohydrogen production

H2 storage

Source: www.fcu.edu.tw

UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable

Development:

Zero Waste Technology

Inspiring Futures, Nurturing Possibilities

RM15 Million Endowment by Sime Darby Foundation since February 2011

Forging Mutually Beneficial Partnerships between UKM- Sime Darby

No pollutants to the air

No pollutants to the ground

No pollutants to the water

-But yet; Increase of revenue long term productivity and sustainability of the oil palm industry

ensured

To turn palm oil mills into green

factories-targeting for carbon neutral

THRUST AREAS

1 H2 for Power and Steam Generation

2 In-line composting for organic fertilizer

3 H2 production from POME and biomass

4 Pretreatment of biomass for H2 production

5 Algae production to sink CO2

6 Water recycle and reuse

UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable Development

Key Messages from Tun ChairmanIntegrate projects within Sime Darby with UKM-YSD

Key Messages from EVP Plantation & AgribusinessShort term: Focus on Quick Gain ProjectsLong term: DO NOT reinvent the wheel

Thank you for your attention

My email address: pieternel.claassen@wur.nl