Post on 28-Dec-2015
transcript
What constitutes a What constitutes a Program?Program?Park? Aerobics class? Child Care
Center? Craft Show? Outreach Program? Zoo?
All of these?“A program is a designed
opportunity for a leisure experience to occur”
It’s a process to allow participants to reap benefits
We create it
Historically…Classical Era Historically…Classical Era (1880-1939)(1880-1939)Concept of Leisure has been throughout
the agesDelivery by professionals is relatively
newAround 1900 in North America
◦Started in playgrounds for “disadvantaged children” – organized programs vs free play to make playgrounds more interesting and efficient
◦1930s – Great Depression – Leisure programs to respond to social problems funded by govt
Neoclassical Era (1940-Neoclassical Era (1940-1959)1959)Great prosperity following WWII
resulted in discretionary income and time. Focus shifted to quality of life
Govt began providing leisure programming for all classes of individuals
Emphasized linkage of program benefits and activities
Activities are “means” and not an “end” – contribute to enrichment of human personality
Modern Era (1960-Modern Era (1960-present)present)Workshop at Michigan State University
(1953) produced The Recreation Program (1954)◦ Focused on leisure programming – educators
and practitioners collaborated to authorProfessional knowledge and theories
have emergedMarketing to all populations, target
markets, privatization, contracting services, wellness/fitness, svcs for older adults, risk, tourism, cultural arts, outdoor pursuits, inclusion, diversity, before/after school programming (youth development)
Baby Boomers continue quest to be physically and spiritually well – fitness, nutrition, building meaningful relationships, understanding one’s self
Strategies in Organization of Strategies in Organization of Leisure ServicesLeisure Services1. Political/Governmental System
(Public) Govt draws resources from society
and attempt to meet their needs Could be rational, logical, systematic Could be influenced by special
interest groups US spends more than $6 bil for park,
recreation, culture & environmental svcs
2. Voluntary (Private Non-profit)The notion of giving time and talent on a
voluntary basis to better community life
Organizations are funded by contributions, gifts, memberships, time and talent of community members
Some target the community as a whole Some target specific groups based on age, gender,
religious, social, environmental concerns, etc Voluntary system expenditures exceed $16 bil
annually
3. Market System ( Commercial for profit)
Customer uses discretionary funds to purchase goods/svcs to meet their needs
The individual customer determines what is produced, how much to produce, what the cost will be – Supply/Demand
Strategies for creating and Strategies for creating and distributing Leisure Servicesdistributing Leisure ServicesSocial Planning – Direct service
delivery – Process using knowledge and expertise to rationally and logically distribute leisure - Process
Steps (Figure 2.2 page 39)1. Develop philosophical framework2. Identify needs3. Plan delivery4. Implement program5. Evaluate6. Feedback
Community Development – Indirect service delivery
Assumes individuals can make their own decisions to meet their own needs – Helping people help themselves
Leisure professional serves as resource (provide info and insight), teacher, coach, link for community resources, friend, encourager
Works face-to-face with individuals to help them solve their problems
Social Action – Leisure is viewed as a “right”
The Leisure professional serves as an advocate for the rights of others
Identify issues and organize people and resources to impact the concern
Summary ◦Social Planning views customer as
consumer◦Community development views customer
as collaborator in the process◦Social Action views customer as victim of
society