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PROJECTOFSELF-SUFFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

1. PERMACULTURE:THESENSEOFTHEINTEGRITYOFLIFE 32. AUTO-SUFFICIENCYANDTHESOCIALMODEL 33. REALITYOFTHEPRESENT 3PRACTICALPROJECT

1. CROPS 41.1. Largecrops 41.1.1.Methodofcultivating 41.1.2.Basicprinciplesofacroprotation 41.1.3.Rotationmodel 51.1.4.Exampleofrotation 61.2. Garden 61.2.1.Systemofcultivation 71.3. Establishmentofembankmentsforparceldivisions 91.4. TreeandShrubNursery 91.5. Fruittres:food-forestmodel 91.6. Naturalforest:Woodforfuelandbuildingtimber 112. LIVESTOCK 122.1. Horses 122.1.1.Pulling 122.2. CowsandGoats 132.2.1.Fertilizer 132.2.2.Consumerproduct 133. INSTALLATIONS 133.1. Greenhouse:150m2 133.2. Undergroundgreenhouse(Walapini):50m2forWintercultivation 143.3. Agriculturalwarehouse200m2 154. ENERGY 154.1. Biogas 154.2. Vegetableoilandalcoholengine 154.3. Solarenergy 154.4. Windturbine 155. TOOLS 165.1. Animaltraction 165.1.1.Animal-drawnmachineandspecifictools 165.1.2.Equipmentforhorses 175.2. ManualHorticulturalTools 175.3. Toolsforprocessingproducts 186. TOTALCOSTOFPROJECT 197. PROJECTDEVELOPMENT 19

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INTRODUCTION

Thisplanforestablishingourself-sufficiencyprojectisjustafirststepandwillbecompletedinfollowingpresentations.

Fromwhichpointofviewcanweapproachthisprojectofself-sufficiencyemergingconsequenttothesituationgeneratedbythecoronavirus?Canitbringustoconsiderthecollapseofthecurrenteconomicsystemand,therefore,theentiresocialmodel?Doweseethisisanagonyorasarebirth?Arewepreparingourselvesonlyforsurvivalordoweconsiderthissituation,withthevisionofthepathoflife,asabenedictiontorelearnhowtolivetogether?CanwewalktowardthefinalityofLife:theconsciousnessofthepermanenceofourbeing?Thelatterisourchoiceanditiswhatmotivatesourprojectofself-sufficiency.

Onthisbasewedefinethespiritofourproject,whoserootisnotfearbutratheranewhope.Thepointistoencounterthecomplementaritybetweenourcollectiveandpersonalidentities,consideringthatourpersonalinterestisbestmetthroughservicetothecollectivethatincludesus.

Oneaspectofasicksocietyiswhenitlacksoneofitsessentialelements:theclan,whichisamedium-sizedcollectiveidentitythatincludesvariousfamilies.

Additionally,itappearsthat,atthegloballevel,thereisadegenerationoftheimmunesystemandgeneticheritageduetoanartificialwayoflifeandindustriallyproducedfoodproducts.Therefore,theprojectofself-sufficiencyisnecessarytore-establishahealthyenvironmentwithinaclansetting,producinghealthyfood.

Withthepossibilityofthecurrentsystemcollapsingprogressivelyinashortperiodoftime,weseetheurgentnecessitytoinitiatethisprojectwithoutlosingtime,takingthreetofouryearstoestablishitinstages.

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1. PERMACULTURE:THESENSEOFTHEINTEGRITYOFLIFE

Inabroadsense,permacultureisthepracticalphilosophyoflifethatconsistsoflivinginharmonywithnature,observingthefunctioningoftheecosystemsandreproducingtheminourwayofcultivatingtheland.

Itisaphilosophical,structuralvisionoflife,ofitsdynamicinreferencetoitsfinality.Thisisrelativetotheconceptoftheunityoflifethroughitsdynamicofexpansion,bythecomplementarityofitsdifferences.

Thisphilosophicalvisioncanbediscussedmoreprofoundlybasedontextsthatwehaveforthosewhoaremotivated.Examiningthepointofthefinalityoflife,theawakeningandexpansionofconsciousnessofthebeing:thepermanenceofone’sidentitythroughthetemporalityofhiscorporalexistence.

2. AUTO-SUFFICIENCYANDTHESOCIALMODEL

Weneedtoconsiderasocialmodelbasedontheclanasa’cell’.Itisapredominatelyruralmodelthat’weaves’theclan‘cells’inadynamicbasedonasystemofcooperatives.Withoutthis,theprojectofself-sufficiencywouldisolatetheclan,andthiswouldbeanotherformofsickness.

3. REALITYOFTHEPRESENT

Humanhistorycannotescapethecosmicdynamic.Allthathasabeginninghasadevelopment,aclimax,adeclineandanend.Itisacycle.

Itcouldbetoconsiderthepossibilitythatweareattheendofacycleandthatthereisanecessitytoseeanewhistoryforourselvesandhumanity:arebirth.

Itisfromthisperspectivethatwepresentamodelwhichcanservetoparticipatetoacollectiveprojectofrebirthforallofhumanity.

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PRACTICALPROJECT

Planparauncolectivode20-25personas

Toavoidfallingintoisolationism,thevisionistoproduceenoughfoodfor25people(approximately1/3extra),usingthesurplusasacurrencyandtosellinthemarkets.

1. CROPS

1.1. Largecrops

Weplanforanareaof2.5acrestoproducecereals,proteinsandoilproductsthatcanfeedtwentypersons.Itwouldalsoincludespaceforgrassandfoddertofeed2horses.

Thisisalong-termplanthatwewilldevelopinstages.Wewouldstartwithasmallerareatocoverthenecessitiesof5people;a¼oftheplanfor20people.

1.1.1. Methodofcultivating

- Annual crop rotation to improve soil structure, increase fertility andpromote resistance topestsanddiseases.

- Alternatingcrops,thencoveringcrops(greenmanure)providingnitrogenmaintainingtheleveloforganic matter, boosting soil life, limiting erosion, providing shelter and a source of food forpollinators,smallwildanimals,soilorganisms,andharvestingfodder.

1.1.2. Basicprinciplesofacroprotation

- Crops are alternated according to their sensitivity to the nutrients in the soil and their need fornitrogen, which, in agronomy, is second in importance only to water. Ideally, the break periodbetweentwocropsofthesametype(e.g.twostrawcereals)shouldbetwiceaslongastheactualgrowingperiod.

- Do not leave the soil bare during thewinter (introducing plant cover for example) and favorizerusticvarietiesthatcoverthesoil(topromoteresistancetopests).

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1.1.3. Rotationmodel

FIRSTROTATION:contributestotheincreaseofthesoilfertility;aeratesthesoilandimprovesits’structure.

- Leguminousplantshelpenrichthesoilwithnitrogen.- Thefollowingcrops*helpskeepthesoilfreefromweeds.

Plantsused:

Legumes:Alfalfa(usecloverifthesoiltypedoesnotallowthecultivationofalfalfa)

- Highcontributionofnitrogenandacropthatcleansthesoil.- Improvesthestructureofthesoilwithitsdeepandpowerfulroots- Perennialplant:inafarmwithapredominantcropalfalfaisgenerallycultivatedfor2years.Thisis

followedby5to6yearsofannualcrops.- Excellentfodder:cutevery5weeksonaverage.

Proteincrops:peas,lupins,beans

- Preventscycleofweedsanddisease- Restores nitrogen (20 to 50 additional nitrogen units compared to a previous wheat crop). For

example, a wheat crop following a pea crop produces on average almost 8q/ha more than apreviouscrop,usinglessaddednitrogen.

- Suchcropsareusedinanimalfeedbecauseoftheirhighproteincontent.

SECONDCROP:nitrogendemandingcrop

Examples:wheat,rapeseed,corn,etc.

THIRDCROP(ENDOFROTATION):soilcleaningplants(greenmulch)andlow-demandcrops.

Examples:buckwheat,rye,etc.

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1.1.4. Exampleofrotation

Theareaof2.5hectarescouldbedividedinto16plotsapproximately1500m2insizeaccordingtothefollowingrotation.Thisisanillustrativeexample:

1.2. Garden

Fortheestablishmentofourinitialplanforsmallcrops,westartedfromabaseofassociatedcrops.

Weplantocultivateanareaof500m2for5peoplethefirstyearandthenincreaseto20peopleplusanexcessof5fortheexchange.

SOURCE:"Ahealthygardenthroughintercropping",http://aupetitcolibri.free.fr

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1.2.1. Systemofcultivation

Forsmallcropswefollowamodelofpermanentboards,inspiredbythemodelofJeanMartinFORTIER.

Ourcurrentareareservedforsmall-scalecultivationis1000m2wherewehavecultivated42standardboardsof80cmwideand45cmwide.

Hereisanexampleofourboardscurrently:photoofourcropsinSantJaumedeLliercainMay2021.

Thismodelallowsus,oncetheboardiscreated,toneverwalkonit.Thuswitharegularamendmentofthesoil,themicroorganismsmultiplyquicklymakingthesoilveryrich.Italsoallowsustohaveastandardsizewhichisverypracticalfortheorganizationandtheefficiencyofourwork:thecoversofcultures,protectiveveil,amendment,etc.

Anotherbeneficialaspectofthiscultivationtechnique:closelyspacedplantingsallowustoachieveahighyieldaswellasaquickandcompletecoverofthesoil.

Exampleofboards:

Vegetables Number of lines per board

Spacing between each plant on the line

Number of plants per bed

Eggplants 1 45cm 33

Beet 3 20cm 225

Carrot 5 3cm 2500

Cabbage 2 35cm 85

Salad 3 25cm 180

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Croprotation

Weplanabasicrotationbetweentheso-calleddemandingcrops(solanaceousforexample)andthelessdemandingones(leaf-rootlikelettuceandradish).

Thentheorderofourrotationsfollowsthefollowingstructure:

Solanaceae-leaves/roots-Cruciferae-Greens/roots-Liliaceae-Greens/roots-Cucurbits-Greens/roots.

Thisbasicmodelcanofcoursebeadaptedaccordingtotheneedsofthesoil(additionofgreenmanure,forexample,ifthesoilneedsrestandnutrition).

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1.3. Establishmentofembankmentsforparceldivisions

Embankmentsofferadiversehabitatandaninterestingfoodresourceforbirds(blackberries,insects)andpollinatinginsects(dogrose(rosacanina),otherflowers).

Whentheembankmentsarehightheyprovideawell-drainedenvironmentfavorabletocrawlinginsects,especiallygroundbeetles.Theyaretrue"beetle-banks".

1.4. TreeandShrubNursery

Thenurserywillbeusedtogrowtreesandshrubsfortransplantingandforthefood-forest,wildforest,andembankments.

Thetreeswillbechosenaccordingtothenatureoftheland(seefood-forestandnaturalforest).

1.5. Fruittres:food-forestmodel

Thefood-forestisanagroforestrysystembasedonthefunctioningofnaturalforests.Ithasdifferentlevelsofvegetationsuchasfruittrees,berrybushes(raspberry,blackcurrant,etc.),herbaceousperennialsandaromaticplants.

Theseforestsdonotrequireanykindofirrigation,ploughing,fertilizerandtreatment,andthereforelittlemaintenance.Theirsoilsarealive,fertileandrichinhumus.Theyhavethecapacitytoretainwaterandpreventerosion.Thetreesregulatethewaterbyabsorbingitduringheavyrainsandrestoringitintimesofdrought.

- Halfahectareoffoodforestcanfeedupto10people.- Sheltersforauxiliaryfauna(insects,birds,animals)necessaryfortheecosystem

Formoreinformationonthistopicvisit:https://www.laforetnourriciere.org/

DESIGNIDEA:Thedifferentlevelsofvegetation

TREESANDSHRUBSNITROGENFIXERS

Therearetreesandshrubsthatcantakenitrogenfromtheairandreturnittothesoil.

Thefollowinglistisinorderofsize.Itisnotexhaustive,andtheparticularspecieswilldependonthelocalbiotope,climateandsoil.

LARGETREESANDPLANTSWITHSTRONGGROWTH

- WhiteAlderandHardAlder.- ‘Fake’Acacia,Robinia.- Wisteria

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HIGHSHRUBSANDBUSHES

- False-Indigo(Amorphafructicosa),andtheAmorphagenus.- SiberianCaraganier,andtheCaraganagenus.- Eleagnus genus: Silver Chalef, Bohemian Olive, Japanese Goumi. Some of these trees produce

berriesofgreattasteandnutritionalvalue,suchastheSeabuckthorn(HippophaeRhamnoides)- Licorice;anedibleleguminousplant

VIVACIOUSPLANTSFORTHEHERBACEOUSSTRATUM

Permanentcovergrownatthefootoffruittrees.Theycanbeusedasgreenmanureormulch.

- Differenttypesofclovers,almostallofthemareperennial- Alfalfa- Alfalfabush- FalseIndigoblueandyellow- Lupins,wildandcultivated- CanadianAstragalus

SURFACEOF50mx100m(Tobeadaptedaccordingtothelayoutoftheland)=½Hectare,5000M2)

SOURCE:www.un-jardin-bio.com/les-arbres-et-arbustes-fixateurs-dazote-atmospherique/

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THESEVENLEVELSOFTHEGARDENFORREST

1. Subsoil:Plantswithroots,rhizomes,tubers,ediblebulbs.

2. Ground cover: Perennial and annual vegetables, wild salads, fruit, and aromatic vegetables

(creepingplants,mulch,greenmanure,flowerstrips).

3. Shrubs:Lowshrubs,bushes,andsmallfruits:BlackWhiteandRedcurrants,may-berry,raspberry,

goji,camellia,etc.

4. Treesandshrubs:Smalltreesandtallfruitshrubs:Apple,Pear,Quince,Peach,Persimmon,Fig,etc.

5. Liana:Climbingandcreepingplants.Annuals,woodyperennials:RowingBeans,ClimbingPumpkin,

JumpingGherkin,Bramble,Blueberry,Kiwi,Grape,Shisandra,etc.

6. Under the canopy: semi-shade and persistent. Mushrooms on trunks, Bear's garlic, Canadian

ginger,oystermushrooms,Foliates,Shiitake.

7. Canopy: Large fruit trees over 7m high (Chestnut, Walnut, Cherry, Chinese Pear, Mulberry,

KazakhstanApple,Cherry,CornTree).

1.6. Naturalforest:Woodforfuelandbuildingtimber

Basedonplantationsofcomplementaryspeciesdefinedbytheirusefulnessinprovidingmainlyfirewoodandconstructionwood.Thisforestprovidesthelargestamountoforganicmattersuchashumusthatcanbeusedincrops.

Listofthedifferentspeciesforthenaturalforest:

- Hybridwalnut(Juglansxintermedia)andcommonwalnut(J.regia)- Cherry(Prunusavium)- Sycamoremaple(Acerpseudoplatanus),flatmaple(A.platanoides)andfieldmaple(A.campestre)- Thecormus(Sorbusdomestica)andthestormtree(S.torminalis)- Pears(Pyruscommunis)andapples(Malussylvestris)- Lindentrees(TiliaplatyphyllosandT.cordata)

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2. LIVESTOCK

2.1. Horses

- The best option is to start is with a horse that already has 8 to 10 years (max.) experience inworkingtheland.

- Theidealfora2-5hectareprojectistohaveahorseoradoubleponyofthedraughttype(350to600kg).Approximatecost€4000for2trainedhorses.

- Horse needs: food supplements (grain/salt stone), care (bandages, deworming), blacksmith,dentist:from€400peryear.

- 1.5hectaresofpasture(grass+hay)peranimalwithshelterandwateraccess.Fellowanimalswillbenecessaryfortheirneeds.

- Fencing:€2000- Shelter:€1500- Note:itisposibletouseabull

Estimatedtotalprice 8.000€

2.1.1. Pulling

Consideringaprojectofproductionthatcansustain25people,weneedagriculturalequipmentthatwillpermitproductionbasedonthetechnologiesandtheadaptedmaterialthatwewillpresentonthispage:thehorsedrawnridingplow–animprovedtoolbasedonthesamemodelsofthelastcentury.

Thistoolpermitstopullasledandploughatthesametime.

Thisisnotautopia;wecantaketheAmishandQuakercommunitiesasamodel.

Forthis,wegiveprioritytothetypeofhorse"demi-trait",doubleponytypelikemerens,halflinger,pottocketc.Inasecondstagewewillstudythepossibilityoftractionwiththebull.

Suchtoolsalsopermitustofreeourselvesfromthedependencyofoilincasethereisadifficultyinobtainingitinthefuture.

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2.2. CowsandGoats

Inasecondstage,weseetheneedtoraisecowsandgoats.Inaddition,thecomplementaritybetweenhorsesandcowsisveryinterestinginpasturerotations.Ananimaldoesnoteatwhatgrowsonitsownexcrement.

2.2.1. Fertilizer

- Organiccontributiontothecrops- Materialforbiogásproduction

2.2.2. Consumerproduct

Ourdietislacto-vegetariansoweproducemilk,cheese,butter,etc.

3. INSTALLATIONS

3.1. Greenhouse:150m2

BUDGET:2000€

Information:www.serresvaldeloire.com

Haflinger MérensPottok

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3.2. Underground greenhouse (Walapini): 50m2 for Wintercultivation

TheburiedgreenhouseisaconceptthatcomestousfromthemountainousregionsofBolivia,whereitiscalled"Walipini"(whichmeans"placeofheat").

Thegeothermalenergyhasaconstanttemperaturethatallowstheproductionofvegetablesthroughouttheyear.

Construction:

• arectangularhole(2.5m)onaverage• awoodenstructurecoveredbyatransparentlayer• thewallsaremadeofadobe

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3.3. Agriculturalwarehouse200m2

Thiswarehousecanbeusedtostorefoodproductsandmanagedifferentspacessuchasfoodprocessing,etc.

BUDGET:10.000€-«lebatimentbois.com»

4. ENERGYOurresearchisfocusedonthepossiblesourcesofenergyinthesenseofourself-sufficiency,examiningtheirpotentialandcost,takingintoaccountthatthisprojectwillbedevelopedovertime,accordingtotheprioritiesinourinvestments.

4.1. Biogas

Thissourceofenergycomesfromthefermentationofanimalexcrementandcanbeusedforcooking,heatingandpoweringmotors

4.2. Vegetableoilandalcoholengine

Thistypeofalternativeenergyiscurrentlybeingstudied.

4.3. Solarenergy

Thistypeofalternativeenergyiscurrentlybeingstudied.

4.4. Windturbine

Thistypeofalternativeenergyiscurrentlybeingstudied.

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5. TOOLS

Thislistoftoolsisnotexhaustivebutpresentsthenecessaryequipmentformarketgardeningandfoodprocessing.

5.1. Animaltraction

Almostalltheworkcanbedonewithahorse:tillage,transportanduseofmanureonthecultivatedland...

Theidealforaprojectof2to5hectaresistoadopt2horses.

5.1.1. Animal-drawnmachineandspecifictools

Contact Pricein€

TILLING

ToolholderMATAMARAICHAGE https://prommata.org 4680

Toolholdingframe https://prommata.org 188

Spiralplough https://prommata.org 405

Harrow Segundamanowww.leboncoin.fr 70

2furrowers https://prommata.org 552

3hoes https://prommata.org 129

3ploughshares https://prommata.org 66

Worktrolley Segundamanowww.leboncoin.fr 1500

ToolholderMATA-MARAÎCHAGE

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TRANSPORTATION

Transportaccessories www.materiel-forestier.fr 200

TOTAL 7790euros

5.1.2. Equipmentforhorses

FORPULLING Contacts Priceforonehorse

Harness www.tracthorse.com €1000

5.2. ManualHorticulturalTools

MOUNTING Contacts Priceforonehorse

muzzle+saddle+blanket+thighstrap

SecondhandcontactLeboncoin/ebayetc

€500

Contacts PricesinEuros

Shredderforstraw Secondhandwww.leboncoin.fr 500

Grainseeder1001B https://agraria-comand.fr 254,37

DoublehandedWheelhoeandtools www.terrateck.com 616,50

FlailandWinnower Secondhandwww.leboncoin.fr 100

Cornthresher www.amazon.uk 155

TOTAL 1625,87euros

ManualdoubléWheelhoe

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5.3. Toolsforprocessingproducts

Oilpress

Manualgrinderforgrain

TOTALCOSTOFTOOLS 13 488,87€

Contacts Prices

DiamantD525ManualCastIronGrainMill

www.moulins-alma.fr 1150

Oilpress2.8L www.pressoirs-a-fruits.com 539

Woodburningstove Secondhand 300

WaterfilterBerkey22.7Litercapacity

BerkeyEurope 584

TOTAL 2573,00euros

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6. TOTALCOSTOFPROJECT

Installationsofgreenhouseandstorageshed 13500

Tools 13488,87

Animals 8000

TOTAL 34988,87€

7. PROJECTDEVELOPMENT

Thedevelopmentoftheprojectwilltakeplaceoveraperiodof3years.Therefore,investmentsandconstructionswillbecarriedoutaccordingtopriorities.