Protection, Support & Locomotion Systems

Ch 34 Guide & Intro to Coordination Systems

COORDINATION SYSTEMSSystems that Physically and Chemically coordinate the body:

Physical: SKIN SUPPORT MUSCULATURE

Chemical: NERVOUS ENDOCRINE

SYSTEMS: Multiple organs workingtogether to serve a body function

Tissues: cells working together to do a simple function

Organs: tissues working together to do a complex function

Cells: smallest basic units Respiratory system

Systems are made of: Organs, Tissues, Cells,& connective tissues

Tissues include: a. Epithelial tissue b. Muscle tissue c. Connecting

tissue1) Cartilage2) Tendons3) Ligaments

Smoker’s Lung Tissue

The Skin: 1. Structure……….

a. Epidermis made of

epithelial cellsb. Dermis with sweat glands hair follicles oil glands capillaries nerve cells

A. The Skin..……….. the largest organ in the body

2. Function: protection temperature

control sensory integrity of the

body secretions from

glands produces Vitamin D

Support Systems may be:

Exoskeleton: Endoskeleton:

Hard outer covering Internal set of bones

Exoskeletons Hard outer

covering made of chitin or

shell examples:

lobster, snail, squid

Does the starfish have and exoskeleton ?

No !.. An Endoskeleton:Made of 1). cartilage or 2). boneCovered by muscles skinExamples:

starfish, shark, mammals.

B1. Human Endoskeleton made of

a. Axial: skull, backbone, ribs, sternum

b. Appendicular: arms, legs, shoulders, hips,wrists, ankles

Boo !

Endoskeletons also have…….

1c. Ligaments that hold bone to bone

1d. Tendons that hold muscle to bone, “muscle tenders”

1e. Joints where 2 bones come together

Types of Joints

Joint Damage: Arthritis

B2. Bone Formation:

Bone Deformation: Lack of Vitamin D

“Bow-legged”

B3. The Support System Functions:

Protection of organs

Movement Stores calcium & potassium

Produces RBC (marrow)

Supports

C1.Three types of Muscle:

A. Smooth: involuntary control of internal organs for digestion, & blood vessels

B. Cardiac: involuntary control of the heart

C. Skeletal: Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles for movement

The Musculature System……..

2. Structure: Voluntary

Muscles Striated-

Skeletal Involuntary

Muscles Cardiac- Heart Smooth-Stomach

Striated SkeletalSeveral nucleiBox shaped, many mitochondria

Cardiac Muscle: Fewer Striations

Fewer Mitochondria

Large nuclei Lattice work

of spaces between some cells

Still square shape

One nuclei per cell

Smooth Muscle: Eye shaped One nuclei

per cell No lattice

work No striations Long &

drawn out Fewer

Mitochondria

How Do Muscles Contract?

Muscle bundles work in opposite pairs:Contracting & Relaxing (biceps & triceps in the arms)

4a. Sliding Filament Theory of MuscleContraction:

Muscles are made of Bundles Of fibers with Smaller subunits of

myofibrilsMyofibrils are made

of Actin & Myosin

chemcials require ATP energy To slide past each

other

Myosin

Actin

Relaxed Muscle

Contracted Muscle

C6. Musculature System Function:

MovementStores Protein

Maintains Body Shape