Post on 17-Jan-2016
transcript
Protein Synthesis
Write down 5 “things” that you know about DNA
What is a GENE?
Instruction manual for our body
They are the directions for building all the proteins that make our body function
Where is a Gene?
•Within DNA
•The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions.
What is a TRAIT?A trait is a genetically determined characteristic
RNARibonucleic Acid
Make up of Nucleotides
Contains Phosphorus
RNA Nucleotide
A
BC
Phosphate
Ribose
Nitrogen Base
GuanineCytosineAdenine
Uracil
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA
Nickname: mRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides
mRNA FunctionCopy a message from a gene on DNA
DNA
mRNA
Types of RNA
Transfer RNA
Nickname: tRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid
tRNA FunctionCarries amino acids to mRNA
mRNA
Amino Acids
Types of RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Nickname: rRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome
rRNA FunctionForms peptide bonds between the amino acids
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
PeptideBond
rRNA
DNA versus RNA: # of Strands
1 strand2 strands
DNA versus RNA: Sugar
Deoxyribose Ribose
DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine
Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil
DNA RNA
Review: Protein Synthesis
Brief summary of Protein synthesis
Make Proteins
Brief Summary of Transcription
Make mRNA from a gene on DNA
Location of Transcription
Nucleus
Process of Transcription
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G TA T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA Backbone Nitrogen Bases
Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied
RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and
breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA
RNA Polymerase
Process of Transcription
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA BackboneNitrogen Bases
DNA
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A
RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand
mRNA
RNA Polymerase
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA is split apart; separated
Process of Transcription
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G TA T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA BackboneNitrogen Bases
DNA
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA
RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase leaves
A U G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
mRNA leaves the nucleusDNA recombines
mRNA
Transcription Animation #1
Transcription Animation #2
Transcription Video
Transcribe the following
TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGTDNA
AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA mRNA