PROTISTS

transcript

PROTISTSThe “Little Guys”

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/accessory/eugb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/accessory/algae.html&h=140&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/D/diatom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Protists.html&h=274&w=276&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=ebiomedia.com/gall/dropimages/drop4_300.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ebiomedia.com/gall/drop/drop4.html&h=235&w=300&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.bioimages.org.uk/MMWSt/MinDSDII/1971/71-12/71-12-23/71L23Colpidium1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bioimages.org.uk/HTML/P157165.HTM&h=355&w=500&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/moviegallery/images/pondscum/volvox.jpg&imgrefurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/moviegallery/pondscum/protists/volvox/&h=189&w=250&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/protozoa/arcella.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/protozoa/frame1.html&h=352&w=460&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.world-builders.org/planets98/lumpar/llgifs/volvox.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.world-builders.org/planets98/lumpar/microbiology.html&h=321&w=340&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D100%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.monroe.k12.ct.us/~jh/Mattfive/BlowPops/Ameba_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.monroe.k12.ct.us/~jh/Mattfive/BlowPops/protists.htm&h=300&w=375&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D100%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Sci/Lorenson/Chapt12imgs/spirogyra.jpg&imgrefurl=http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Sci/Lorenson/Chapt12imgs/algae.html&h=238&w=262&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D120%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Sci/Lorenson/Chapt12imgs/volvox.jpg&imgrefurl=http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Sci/Lorenson/Chapt12imgs/algae.html&h=239&w=293&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D120%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/nav/thumb_3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/index.asp&h=60&w=72&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D160%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=svc403.bne025u.server-web.com/timerock/library/images/algae_small.gif&imgrefurl=http://svc403.bne025u.server-web.com/timerock/library/fossils/species_table.htm&h=90&w=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D180%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/hoffmangallery/images/stentor.jpg&imgrefurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/hoffmangallery/stentor.html&h=470&w=306&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstentor%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.amnh.org/exhibitions/hall_tour/spectrum/specimens/a247.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/hall_tour/spectrum/a247.html&h=203&w=270&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreen%2Balgae%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/reds/porphyra.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/rhodophyta.html&h=311&w=456&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/browns/fucussm.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/phaeophyta.html&h=300&w=245&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrown%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.lifesci.ucsb.edu/mcdb/research/facilities/microscopy/diatom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lifesci.ucsb.edu/mcdb/research/facilities/microscopy/microscopy.html&h=175&w=175&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiatom%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www-plb.ucdavis.edu/images/courses/s00bis1c/Dinoflagellate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/courses/s00/bis1c/labimages2.html&h=300&w=288&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddinoflagellate%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.nps.gov/olym/microfauna/slimemold2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/olym/microfauna/slimemold.htm&h=320&w=400&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dslime%2Bmold%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ftp/BIODIDAC/PROTISTA/SPOROZOA/PHOTO/SPOR002P.GIF&imgrefurl=http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm%3FFile_name%3DSPOR002P%26File_type%3DGIF&h=331&w=440&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsporozoa%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

BUT… There are some general characteristics they all share: Unicellular (made of one cell)

Eukaryotes (have a nucleus)

Live in moist environments

Protists

Animal-like Protozoans Plant-like

AlgaeFungus-like

• Heterotrophs• Classified by

how they move

• Autotrophs• Have cell

walls

• Heterotrophs• Have cell walls

- Sarcodines- Ciliates- Zooflagellat

es- Sporozoans

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/protist.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/morph.html&h=705&w=608&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotozoa%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.zoobotanica.plus.com/GIF%2520files/Botanical/algae.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.zoobotanica.plus.com/portfolio%2520botany%2520pages/algae.html&h=472&w=472&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalgae%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.mackerelstreet.com/features/pics/bigslime.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.mackerelstreet.com/features/slimeforgov.html&h=600&w=571&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dslime%2Bmold%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8

PROTOZOANS

Move using PSEUDOPODS (“false feet”), bulges of the cell membraneExample: AMOEBA

Pseudopod

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.mohonasen.org/dmssci/intproj/virus/amoeb.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.mohonasen.org/dmssci/intproj/science7mb/proto.htm&h=283&w=361&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotozoans%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.scibridge.sdsu.edu/coursemats/introsci/diversity/protists/amoeba.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.scibridge.sdsu.edu/coursemats/introsci/diversity/eucarya.html&h=258&w=455&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=home.jlu.edu.cn/~yunxiang/yuansheng/amoeba/amoeba.jpg&imgrefurl=http://home.jlu.edu.cn/~yunxiang/yuansheng/amoeba/amoeba.htm&h=330&w=500&prev=/images%3Fq%3Damoeba%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Sci/Lorenson/Chapt12imgs/amoeba.jpg&imgrefurl=http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Sci/Lorenson/Chapt12imgs/Protozoans.html&h=176&w=306&prev=/images%3Fq%3Damoeba%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/extra/Amoeba.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/extra/amoeba.html&h=467&w=710&prev=/images%3Fq%3Damoeba%26start%3D100%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

Sarcodine Animations/Videos

PROTOZOANS

Move using CILIA, tiny hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion, acting like oarsExample: PARAMECIUM

Cilia

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.gibnet.gi/~shms/just4kids/kids_study/science/__l_paramecium.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.gibnet.gi/~shms/just4kids/kids_study/science/science_2_life.htm&h=59&w=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D160%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=fachberatung-biologie.de/Themen/Zelle/images/paramecium.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fachberatung-biologie.de/Themen/Zelle/vielzeller.htm&h=283&w=374&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dparamecium%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.troy.k12.ny.us/thsbiology/images/paramecium.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.troy.k12.ny.us/thsbiology/skinny/skinny_excreation_locomo.html&h=141&w=166&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dparamecium%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/mbiotech/ohtake_lab/images/paramecium.jpg&imgrefurl=http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/mbiotech/ohtake_lab/softbio.html&h=200&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dparamecium%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/mbiotech/ohtake_lab/images/paramecium.png&imgrefurl=http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/mbiotech/ohtake_lab/project3.html&h=225&w=300&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dparamecium%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

Ciliate Animations/Videos

PROTOZOANS

Move using FLAGELLA, a long, whip-like structureExample: EUGLENA Flagella

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.scibridge.sdsu.edu/coursemats/introsci/diversity/protists/euglena.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.scibridge.sdsu.edu/coursemats/introsci/diversity/eucarya.html&h=236&w=456&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotists%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.troy.k12.ny.us/thsbiology/images/euglena.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.troy.k12.ny.us/thsbiology/skinny/skinny_excreation_locomo.html&h=169&w=258&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuglena%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=faculty.uca.edu/~benw/biol1400/pictures/euglena.jpg&imgrefurl=http://faculty.uca.edu/~benw/biol1400/notes3.htm&h=320&w=169&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuglena%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.dalton.org/departments/Science/Science5/kingdoms/Euglena.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dalton.org/departments/Science/Science5/kingdoms/protists.html&h=369&w=211&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuglena%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.loyno.edu/~biology/euglena.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.loyno.edu/~biology/teachinglabs.html&h=145&w=227&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuglena%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

Zooflagellate Animations/Videos

PROTOZOANS

Parasites that feed on the cells and fluids of their hostExample: PLASMODIUM (causes malaria)

Transmitted by mosquitoes

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ftp/BIODIDAC/PROTISTA/SPOROZOA/PHOTO/SPOR012P.GIF&imgrefurl=http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm%3FFile_name%3DSPOR012P%26File_type%3DGIF&h=293&w=440&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplasmodium%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.wehi.edu.au/MalDB-www/Mosquito.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wehi.edu.au/MalDB-www/intro.html&h=154&w=261&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplasmodium%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/05/images/0625_malaria.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0625_wiresmalaria.html&h=153&w=180&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplasmodium%26start%3D40%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

ALGAE Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Green Algae

Brown Algae

Red Algae

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=sinancanan.tripod.com/micro/diatom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sinancanan.tripod.com/micro/micro.htm&h=544&w=513&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiatom%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/images/diatom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/energy_capture/capture.html&h=321&w=337&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiatom%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.uni-kiel.de/ftzwest/ag1/diatom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uni-kiel.de/ftzwest/ag1/wattphyt-e.htm&h=350&w=230&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiatom%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www-plb.ucdavis.edu/images/courses/s00bis1c/Dinoflagellate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/courses/s00/bis1c/labimages2.html&h=300&w=288&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddinoflagellate%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~cellbio/pyrocystis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~cellbio/welcomedisplay.htm&h=798&w=1064&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddinoflagellate%26start%3D80%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.sonoma.edu/biology/algae/Ulva.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.sonoma.edu/biology/algae/Green.html&h=420&w=255&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreen%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imag98/volvegg2.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art98/volv.html&h=227&w=232&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreen%2Balgae%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~cellbio/Spirogyra.JPG&imgrefurl=http://staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~cellbio/chlorophytes.htm&h=240&w=320&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspirogyra%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/browns/fucussm.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/phaeophyta.html&h=300&w=245&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrown%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.sonoma.edu/biology/algae/Nereocystis.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.sonoma.edu/biology/algae/Brown.html&h=420&w=255&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrown%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/reds/porphyra.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/rhodophyta.html&h=311&w=456&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Microcladia.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_3.html&h=281&w=273&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Balgae%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

FUNGUS-LIKE

Slime Molds

Water Molds

Downy Mildews

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.colostate.edu/Depts/CoopExt/TRA/PLANTS/images/ZachJoneSlimeMold1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/CoopExt/TRA/PLANTS/turfslim.html&h=480&w=640&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dslime%2Bmold%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.plant.uga.edu/mycology-herbarium/Ceratio2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.plant.uga.edu/mycology-herbarium/GAmyxos.htm&h=470&w=600&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dslime%2Bmold%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.lane-ag.org/OSU/plant%2520pathology/images/downy%2520mildew/Downy%2520mildew%2520on%2520watermelon%2520leaf.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lane-ag.org/OSU/plant%2520pathology/images/downy%2520mildew/Downy%2520mildew%2520on%2520watermelon%2520leaf.htm&h=322&w=489&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522downy%2Bmildew%2522%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.tpp.uq.edu.au/pictures/dis/downey.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tpp.uq.edu.au/disease/downy.htm&h=207&w=300&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522downy%2Bmildew%2522%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.biology4kids.com/misc/photos/fungus2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biology4kids.com/misc/oomycota.html&h=210&w=275&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522water%2Bmolds%2522%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

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