Post on 04-Aug-2015
transcript
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
Quantification of faecal sludge by truck counting studies with the Private Emptiers’ Association in
Kampala
3rd Faecal Sludge Management Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam – 19.01.2015
L. Schoebitz*, C. Niwagaba**, J. Matovu***, L. Strande*
* Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, Sandec: Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries , P. O. Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
** Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering; School of Engineering; College of Engineering, Design, Art & Technology (CEDAT); Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
*** Private Emptiers’ Association, Kampala, Uganda
204.04.2011
Three main points
1. What attempts/methods exist to quantify faecal sludge on a city-wide scale?
2. What is the benefit of a truck counting study?
3. What to do before, and how to implement a truck counting study?
2 Why truck counting?
1 How to quantify faecal sludge?
3 Kampala
(3) FS collection,
which estimates the current collection of
FS.
(2) FS volumes,
which estimates the current demand for FS
emptying, transport and treatment.
(1) FS production,
which estimates the future demand for FS emptying, transport
and treatment.
requires less resource intensive collection of
primary data,
requires very resource intensive collection of
primary data,
can be based on existing secondary
data,
Attempts at FS quantification include:
• calculated by: per capita production of
excreta,
• sludge accumulation rates in OSS technologies (septic tank vs. pit
latrine),• including population
growth projections,
• desludging intervals,
• use of system,
• existing legal discharge location,
• cooperation with service providers,
• performing a truck counting study,
• construction of system
• age of system,
• # of users per system,
• physical properties,
2 Why truck counting?
1 How to quantify faecal sludge?
3 Kampala
A truck counting study can be performed to…
(2) gain knowledge about how much faecal sludge is
currently collected,
(3) gain an understanding about faecal sludge
origins,
(4) gain an understanding about what type of
systems get emptied,
(6) plan and design appropriate treatment
facilities.
(4) …estimate markets for treatment endproducts
(5) provide knowledge for the operation of existing
treatment facilities
in addition to…(1) …cross-check existing data,
2 Why truck counting?
1 How to quantify faecal sludge?
3 Kampala
804.04.2011
First:
Literature research and cross-checking with existing records at local
discharge location.
How much FS is produced/collected?
9
Sanitation Master Plan
Reference: Fichtner Water & Transportation and M&E Associates (2008), Kampala Sanitation Program, Feasibility Study, Volume 1, Main Report
369 m3/d
How much is collected?
04.04.2011 10
Fact-checking!
• Official records
250 m3/d
How much is collected?
04.04.2011 11
Fact-checking!
• Interviews
444 m3/d
Then:
Implementation of truck counting study for two weeks with local Private
Emptiers’ Association.
577 m3/d
Lessons learned
1. A truck counting study is an effective tool to estimate how much faecal sludge is currently being collected.
2. A truck counting study can only be performed if strong collaborations with local emptying and transport service providers can be built up.
3. In Kampala, only 50% of the collected faecal sludge comes from households.
4. Unlined pits in Kampala are not getting emptied by mechanical emptying and transport service providers.
5. Further research is needed to identify unserved areas in Kampala and the demand for emptying of unlined pit latrines.
www.sandec.ch/faq facebook.com/sandec @Larnsce
Funding
Kampala
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC)Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA)
Dr. Charles Niwagaba, Dr. James Semuwemba, Mr. Enos Malambala, Mr. James Maiteki, Ms. Daphine Achiro, Ms. Ritha Tayebwa,
Acknowledgements