Post on 29-Jan-2016
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Quest for ImmortalityQuest for Immortality
The Nile RiverThe Nile RiverRiver was seen as divine or like a god.The Nile was the key to life.Gifts of the Nile
Floods give fertile soil Means of travel using boats 365 day calendar was developed to predict
floods
River was seen as divine or like a god.The Nile was the key to life.Gifts of the Nile
Floods give fertile soil Means of travel using boats 365 day calendar was developed to predict
floods
Early Egyptian CivilizationEarly Egyptian Civilization
When? Started around 6,000 BCE
Unification - Lower and Upper Egypt are united by the Pharaoh Menes around 3100 BCE
First capital city is named Memphis
When? Started around 6,000 BCE
Unification - Lower and Upper Egypt are united by the Pharaoh Menes around 3100 BCE
First capital city is named Memphis
HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics Picture writing No vowels were used No one knows how
ancient Egyptian was spoken
The Rosetta Stone allows translations
It was found by accident
Picture writing No vowels were used No one knows how
ancient Egyptian was spoken
The Rosetta Stone allows translations
It was found by accident
Early Egyptian SocietyEarly Egyptian Society
Villages were united into nomes by the Pharaohs
Nomes - agricultural districtsGovernment could keep track of crop
yields and collect taxes easier
Villages were united into nomes by the Pharaohs
Nomes - agricultural districtsGovernment could keep track of crop
yields and collect taxes easier
The PharaohsThe Pharaohs
Seen as living gods by the Egyptian peopleThey ruled as god-kingsCommoners never revolt against the
PharaohsThe Pharaohs believed they would be
immortalIt was a quest for immortality
Seen as living gods by the Egyptian peopleThey ruled as god-kingsCommoners never revolt against the
PharaohsThe Pharaohs believed they would be
immortalIt was a quest for immortality
The PharaohsThe Pharaohs
Their goal was to preserve their ka or eternal spirit
Mummies were used to preserve the body It was believed that the spirit would return
to the body from time to timePyramids were created to leave a timeless
legacy of the Pharaohs
Their goal was to preserve their ka or eternal spirit
Mummies were used to preserve the body It was believed that the spirit would return
to the body from time to timePyramids were created to leave a timeless
legacy of the Pharaohs
DynastyDynasty
Power passed through the family and usually from father to son
There were 31 dynasties in 2800 years
Dynastic Cycle - the rise and fall of power
Power passed through the family and usually from father to son
There were 31 dynasties in 2800 years
Dynastic Cycle - the rise and fall of power
Kingdoms of EgyptKingdoms of EgyptOld Kingdom (2780-2180 BCE)
Known as the “Age of the Pyramids” Pharaonic power declines The empire becomes weak and declines
Middle Kingdom (2100-1788 BCE) Pharaoh Amenemhet rebuilds the empire Built great libraries and expanded trade
Old Kingdom (2780-2180 BCE) Known as the “Age of the Pyramids” Pharaonic power declines The empire becomes weak and declines
Middle Kingdom (2100-1788 BCE) Pharaoh Amenemhet rebuilds the empire Built great libraries and expanded trade
Kingdoms of EgyptKingdoms of EgyptNew Kingdom (1580-1090 BCE)
Great building projects - Temples Egyptian creates a professional army Hatshepsut was the first female Pharaoh She greatly expanded trade and avoided war The Egyptian empire expands to its greatest
extent under Thutmose Egypt invaded again and never recovers The fall of Egypt officially happens in 31 BCE
New Kingdom (1580-1090 BCE) Great building projects - Temples Egyptian creates a professional army Hatshepsut was the first female Pharaoh She greatly expanded trade and avoided war The Egyptian empire expands to its greatest
extent under Thutmose Egypt invaded again and never recovers The fall of Egypt officially happens in 31 BCE
Egyptian Way of LifeEgyptian Way of Life
Nobles Led a life of luxury Women have rights Social mobility was possible How? Working for the government as scribes,
priests, and tax collectors.
Nobles Led a life of luxury Women have rights Social mobility was possible How? Working for the government as scribes,
priests, and tax collectors.
Egyptian Way of LifeEgyptian Way of Life
Peasants Constant work using physical labor Few comforts in their homes Live on bread and beer Most could not read or write hieroglyphics Farmers, Builders, Artisans, Soldiers
Peasants Constant work using physical labor Few comforts in their homes Live on bread and beer Most could not read or write hieroglyphics Farmers, Builders, Artisans, Soldiers
Egyptian Way of LifeEgyptian Way of Life
Slaves Most were war captives Strong abuse and cruelty by their masters Slaves working in the mines were treated the
worst However, treatment did vary and some were
able to earn their freedom through work or having an education
Slaves Most were war captives Strong abuse and cruelty by their masters Slaves working in the mines were treated the
worst However, treatment did vary and some were
able to earn their freedom through work or having an education
Egyptian ReligionEgyptian Religion
Egyptians were polytheisticPolytheism - the belief in many godsThere were many male and female deitiesAman or Amun Ra or Re was the Supreme
GodPowerful priest class controlled the
religion Priests had great wealth, power and status
Egyptians were polytheisticPolytheism - the belief in many godsThere were many male and female deitiesAman or Amun Ra or Re was the Supreme
GodPowerful priest class controlled the
religion Priests had great wealth, power and status
Egyptian ReligionEgyptian Religion
The Book of the Dead is world’s oldest religious writing
Egyptians believed in a Time of JudgmentEgyptian Temples marked celestial events
such as lunar or solar eclipses
The Book of the Dead is world’s oldest religious writing
Egyptians believed in a Time of JudgmentEgyptian Temples marked celestial events
such as lunar or solar eclipses