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Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-19
1. ADD 2.5 points before dividing!!! Unit 7 Quest grade = ____%
2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful
3. I prepared by…
4. Next time I will prepare by…
5. Goal for next time = ____
If you met your goal + got an A: You may maintain or improve.
If you did not meet your goal it stays the same.
Chapter 10 – DNA, Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA and Protein RNA and Protein
SynthesisSynthesis
STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of DNADNA
StructureStructure – double-helix (looks like a – double-helix (looks like a spiral staircase)spiral staircase)
FunctionFunction – carries your – carries your genetic information genetic information
DNA is the “genetic code” DNA is the “genetic code” lifelife
It controls all aspects of the cell. But It controls all aspects of the cell. But howhow? ?
By the different proteins that it codes for. By the different proteins that it codes for. Different proteins have different functionsDifferent proteins have different functions
– EnzymesEnzymes – – control / speed up chemical control / speed up chemical reactionsreactions IE: IE: building ATP or digesting foodbuilding ATP or digesting food
– Repair, transport, structural proteinsRepair, transport, structural proteins
What is the genetic codeWhat is the genetic code?? Set of rules by which information Set of rules by which information
is transferred from… is transferred from… DNA into DNA into RNA into RNA into Protein Protein
(using amino acids)(using amino acids) Even bacteria and viruses have a Even bacteria and viruses have a
genetic codegenetic code
What are Nucleic AcidsWhat are Nucleic Acids??
A complex A complex macromolecule macromolecule that stores that stores information in information in cells in the form cells in the form of a code. DNA of a code. DNA and RNA.and RNA.
Composed of Composed of monomersmonomers of of nucleotidesnucleotides
What is DNAWhat is DNA??
DeoxyribonuclDeoxyribonucleic acideic acid
Contains the Contains the genetic genetic instructions instructions for for development / development / functioning of functioning of living thingsliving things
What is a nucleotideWhat is a nucleotide?? A monomer that A monomer that
consists of three consists of three partsparts– Sugar Sugar
(deoxyribose or (deoxyribose or ribose)ribose)
– PhosphatePhosphate– Nitrogen Base (A, Nitrogen Base (A,
C, T, G and U)C, T, G and U)
REVIEWREVIEW: Monomers and : Monomers and PolymersPolymers
Define MonomerDefine Monomer – – – The smallest unit that makes up a The smallest unit that makes up a
larger moleculelarger molecule Define PolymerDefine Polymer
– A large molecule formed by many A large molecule formed by many smaller molecules called monomerssmaller molecules called monomers
monomer of proteins = monomer of proteins = mondomer of nucleic acids = mondomer of nucleic acids =
amino acidsnucleotide
REVIEWREVIEW Do all organisms have DNADo all organisms have DNA??
– YES – All living things have a YES – All living things have a genetic codegenetic code
What is a ProteinWhat is a Protein??– A large complex polymer A large complex polymer
composed of amino acids composed of amino acids. .
REVIEWREVIEW
Peptide BondPeptide Bond – – – Covalent bond (sharing electrons) Covalent bond (sharing electrons)
formed between two amino acids (the formed between two amino acids (the bonds in proteins)bonds in proteins)
Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-20
1. Structure of DNA =
2. Function of DNA =
On a half sheet of scratch On a half sheet of scratch paperpaper
4-20
1. What two types of nucleic acids do you know of?
2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
3. What process makes proteins from RNA?
4. What is the monomer of a protein?
QUICK TALKQUICK TALK4-20
cell
monomer
DNA
nucleus
mitosis
eukaryotes
phospholipid bilayer
photosynthesis
mitochondria
chromosome
diffusion
ATP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1UPf7lXeO8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUA6_Ucw3i4
DNA SONGS:DNA SONGS:
Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-26
1. What two types of nucleic acids do you know of?
2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Use
notes i
f
needed
What are the Nitrogen What are the Nitrogen BasesBases?? AdenineAdenine
GuanineGuanine ThymineThymine (DNA (DNA
only)only) CytosineCytosine UracilUracil (RNA only) (RNA only)
Nitrogen BasesNitrogen Bases
Nitrogen BasesNitrogen Bases
Nitrogen Base PairingNitrogen Base Pairing How do the How do the
nitrogen bases nitrogen bases pair in DNA?pair in DNA?– A with TA with T– C with GC with G– RNARNA A with UA with U
(no Thymine)(no Thymine) What holds the What holds the
nitrogen bases nitrogen bases together?together?– Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds
Why is the nucleotide sequence Why is the nucleotide sequence importantimportant??
– All organisms have All organisms have DNADNA– The closer the DNA resemblance, The closer the DNA resemblance,
the more closely related the the more closely related the organisms areorganisms are
READ pages 200-202 (my.hrw.com) AND complete #s 1-2, 4-8 on the bottom of page 202
4-18Previewing Assignment
My.hrw.com
Chapter 10 section 3
Username = dhe5n
Password = p5e8n
DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION DNA ReplicationDNA Replication – – the process the process
of copying DNAof copying DNA When do we copy our DNAWhen do we copy our DNA? ?
– S-phaseS-phase of Interphase of Interphase
DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION STEP ONESTEP ONE::
– HelicaseHelicase – An enzyme that – An enzyme that breaks breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen baseshydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the DNA“unzipping” the DNA
DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION Replication ForkReplication Fork – location – location
where the DNA is splitting where the DNA is splitting apartapart
DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION STEP TWOSTEP TWO::
– DNA POLYMERASEDNA POLYMERASE – – An enzyme that bonds free floating An enzyme that bonds free floating
nucleotides together to form a new nucleotides together to form a new DNA chainDNA chain
DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION
How long does this How long does this continuecontinue? ? – Until the entire Until the entire
chain is copied…chain is copied…forming two new forming two new chainschains
Why do we copy Why do we copy DNADNA??– So that new cells So that new cells
have the genetic have the genetic material needed material needed to surviveto survive
DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
DNA ReplicationDNA Replication