Question of the Day

Question: Give the RNA sequence made from the DNA sequence ATGCTAGCT.

RNA

DNA

Nucleus

1’s Turn in: p. 353 A.Q. 1ab, 2b

UACGAUCGA

DNA RNA ProteinCentral Dogma of Molecular Biology:

• Transcription- creation of RNA using DNA

RNA

DNA

RNApolymerase

Nucleus

Part 1: Transcription

• Transcription- making RNA from DNA code in nucleus

Part 1: Transcription

1. Where does transcription take place?2. What enzyme is responsible for carrying out

transcription?3. What does transcription produce?

Discuss With Your Partner:

nucleus

RNA polymeraseRNA

Discuss with Your Partner:

• What does “translation” mean to you?• What are some ways that we could we

“translate” the following sentence:

When school is over, I am going to hang out with my friends.

Part 2: Translation

• Translation- using RNA instructions to build a protein

Part 2: Translation

• Translation- using RNA instructions to build a protein1. mRNA (messenger) carries code to cytoplasm2. mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time (1 codon)

Ex: AUG

Codon = 3 nucleotides

Part 2: Translation

3. 1 codon codes for 1 amino acid, which is transferred by tRNA

4. Anticodon part of tRNA must complement mRNA codonEx: AUG codon (mRNA) & UAC anticodon (tRNA)

anticodon

amino acidamino acid

amino acid

Part 2: Translation

5. Amino acids linked together by a ribosome to make a polypeptide

Part 2: Translation

6. Polypeptide is folded into a protein

PolypeptideProtein

Part 2: Translation

• Using codon wheel:– For decoding RNA– Work inside to

outside

Part 2: Translation

What amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

Methionine(start)

What amino acid does the codon GGG code for?

Glycine

What amino acid does the codon CAC code for?

Histidine

What amino acid does the codon UAG code for?

Stop(no amino acid)

• Using codon wheel:– For decoding RNA– Work inside to

outside– AUG = start codon– UAG, UAA, UGA =

stop codons

Part 2: Translation

Protein Synthesis Review:

Met-Gly-Arg

AUG-GGG-CGA-UAG

TACCCCGTGATCDNA:

mRNA:

Protein:

1. What codons…a. are in the RNA sequence AUGCCGUUUGGAUAG? b. What amino acids do they code for?

2. What codons…a. are in the RNA sequence AUGAAUGUUUGG? b. What amino acids do they code for?

3. What amino acids will the DNA sequence TATGCTAGACTG eventually code for?

Put ‘Em In Order!

a) tRNA molecules carrying amino acids and begin to match up with codons on the mRNA sequence according to the anticodons on the tRNA molecules

b) The polypeptide chain is finished and will later be folded into a complete protein

c) The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm through pores in the nucleus

d) The amino acids are linked (bonded) together by a ribosome, a protein-building organelle

e) DNA is unwound by RNA polymerase and mRNA is created from the DNA sequence according to the base pairing rules

1.

2.

3.

5.

4.