Post on 18-Jan-2016
transcript
Radiographic Anatomy
Skeletal System
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Educational Objectives
By the end of this lecture you should be able to: Identify the anatomical parts of the vertebral column on
diagrams and radiographs.
Identify the different parts of a typical vertebra
Differentiate between normal & abnormal spine curvatures Explain how to hang spine radiographs on the
view box State and locate the surface land marks
associated with the vertebral column levels.
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1. Text book of radiographic positioning and related anatomy; by Kenneth L.Bontrager,6th edition. 2. Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology: by Eldra Pearl Solomon:W.B.Saunders Company 3. Handbook of Anatomy and physiology for Students of Medical Radiation Technology: Mallett.M:Jaspar
Websiteshttp://www6.district125.k12.il.us/science/anatomy/http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html http://www.e-radiography.net/
http://www.getbodysmart.com/index.htm
References
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7 cervical12 thoracic5 lumber5 sacral (fused)4 coccygeal (fused)
33 vertebrae:
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Function Provides support for head, neck and trunk Transfers weight to Appendicular skeleton Protects spinal cord
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN
TermTermDescriptionDescriptionLordosi
sNormal compensatory concave curvature of Cervical & Lumber spines, or
Abnormal exaggerated Lumber curvature with increased concavity
Kyphosis
Abnormal exaggerated Thoracic curvature with increased concavity
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature Normal adult curvature
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Normal curvature
Kyphosis - Lordosis
Scoliosis
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN
(1) Body:
(2) Arch: 2 pedicles (lat)+ 2 Laminae (post) Pedicle + Lamina Transverse process
Lamina + Lamina Spinous process
(3): Intervertebral Foramina: Superior + Inferior vertebral notch
31 spinal nerves (8C+12T+5L+5S+1co)
(4) Intervertebral Joints:(5) Intervertebral Disc: Serve for shock absorption
and contribute to the flexbility
of the spine.
Annulus fibrosus + Nucleus pulposus
Typical Vertebra
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNCervical spine
Anterior Posterior Lateral
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNCervical spine (Typical)
(1): Transverse process:
Foramen(vertebral a.)
(2): Spinous processes:
Short and bifid
(C2-C6)
(3): Intervertebral canal:
Triangle
(4): Body:
Small
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNThe Atlas – C1
Cervical spine
• No body (fused with CV2 to form the dens)• Large lateral mass• Articular facets• Anterior arch •Spinous process absent •Modified functions:-Support trhe skull-Allow nodding of the head
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNThe Axis– C2 : the body has upward projection to articulate with CV1. Allow rotation of the atlas from side to side.
Cervical spine
Superior View Inferior view Lateral View
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNCervical spine
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNC.7Cervical
spineSpinous process:
1. Long
2. Easily felt
3. Not bifid
Transverse process:
Foramen is small or absent
( only the vertebral vein pass)
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNThoracic spine (Typical)
Superior View Inferior view
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VERTEBRAL COLUMNThoracic spine: body bigger (heart shaped, vertebral foramen larger)
Articular facet on the body for (ribs)
T1:
Complete facet superior
Demi-facet inferior
T2 - T10:
Demi-facet on superior and inferior
T11 – T12:
Single complete facet at midlevel
Articular facet on transverse process
Spinous process: long, downward
VERTEBRAL COLUMNThoracic spine
VERTEBRAL COLUMNLumbar spine
ANTERIOR LATERAL
• Bigger body than the thoracic.
• Transverse processes:
Upper 4:
increase in size from above downward
Fifth: shorter , stronger, pyramidal
• Spinous process: square, horizontal
•NB: The spinal cord end at the lower border of the first lumber vertebra.
•The 4th lumber vertebra is opposite the highest part of the iliac crest.
VERTEBRAL COLUMNLumbar spine
VERTEBRAL COLUMNLumbar spine
AP Lateral
VERTEBRAL COLUMNSacrum
AP Lateral
5 fused vertebrae , Triangle in shape, Concave Anteriorly
VERTEBRAL COLUMNSacrum: 5 piece fused together ,the side of the first piece form the ala of the sacrum which articulate with the ilium to form the sacro-iliac joint. Sometimes the 5th LV. Fuse either partially or completely with the sacrum (sacralisation). Incomplete development of the spine and lamina may result in absence of the posterior wall (spina bifida)
AP Lateral
Central mass (fused body)
Sacral promontory (superior- anterior border)
4 Sacral foramina
The ala (upper anterior surface)
Sacral crest:
fused spinous processes (posterior)
Transverse process: rudimentary
Lateral articular surface: sacroiliac joint
VERTEBRAL COLUMNSacrum and pelvis
AP Lateral
VERTEBRAL COLUMNCoccyx
AP
Lateral
•4 (3-5) fused vertebrae with Different shape and size
•Articulate at acute angle with sacrum
LandmarkLandmark Corresponding LevelCorresponding Level 1.Mastoid process (skull) Cervical 1
2.Thyroid cartilage Cervical 5
3.Vertebral prominence Cervical 7
4.Suprasternal notch Thoracic 2-3
5. Sternal angle (2 inch below notch)
Thoracic 4-5
6.Inferior angle of the scapula Thoracic 7 (3 – 4 inches below jugular notch)
7.Xyphoid process Thoracic 9-10
8.Inferior costal margin Lumber 2-3
9.Iliac crest Lumber 4-5
10.
Anterior superior iliac spineSacral 1-2
11.
Greater trochanterDistal coccyx
12.
Symphysis public2.5 cm inferior to distal coccyx
VERTEBRAL LEVELS
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