Post on 12-May-2015
transcript
Parkinson’s Disease
Nam Nguyen ◆ Haley Howard ◆ Yolanda Alvarez ◆ Cheryl Nuckles, Miranda Mcvicker ◆ Nermin Dodic ◆ Edlene Capistrano ◆ Gretchen Cain
Michael J. Fox
RAD SOUND presents:
History of Parkinson’s Disease• Ancient Indian medical system of Ayurveda referred to it as Kampavata. Kampa is a Sanskrit
word for tremors.
• AD175: In Western medicine, physician Galen described it as “shaking palsy.”
• 1817: James Parkinson published a medical essay titled “an essay on the Shaking Palsy.”
• 60 years after that essay was published: Jean Martin Charcot, a French Neurologist named the disease after James Parkinson. Jean-Martin Charcot and his colleagues are responsible for much of the advancement and understanding the disease.
• 1940’s and 1950’s: Neurosurgeons began performing brain surgery that resulted in improvements of symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
• 1960’s: Researcher’s identified differences in the brains of people with PD that were associated with low levels of dopamine.
– Levodopa was the best treatment that was available in the 1960s and is still being used today.
• Today: Alternative treatments are being researched in order to move forward in improving quality of life and in finding a cure for this disease.
Diagnosis• Neurologists can take a neurological history or the patient,
and perform an examination.
• There are no standard diagnostic tests for this disease, so the diagnosis depends on the physical exam findings and the clinical information provided by the patient.
• The purpose any further testing would be to eliminate other disease options that imitate Parkinson’s disease, like strokes or hydrocephalus.
• Researchers are working on developing an accurate blood test or brain imaging scan for the disease.
Treatment
• Medications can help manage problems with walking, movement and tremor by increasing the brain’s supply of dopamine. Effectiveness varies by patient.
► Carbidopa- levodopa (Parcopa) ► Dopamine agonists ► MAO B inhibitors ► Catechol O-methyltransferase ► (COMT) inhibitors ► Anticholinergics ► Amantadine
• Surgery may be an option for some patients, although it does not cure the disease, it may help ease symptoms.
Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms• Tremor: shaking
– Often begins in your hands/fingers.• Bradykinesia: slowed movement
– Overtime, it might reduce your ability to move and slow your movement making simple tasks difficult.
• Ex. Steps become shorter when you walk, getting out of a chair, feet may stick to floor.
• Rigid muscles: muscle stiffness– Can limit your range of motion, causing pain.
• Impaired posture & balance: posture may become stooped, balance difficulties
• Loss of automatic movements: decreased ability to perform unconscious moments– Ex. Blinking, smiling, swinging your arms while walking
• Speech changes: speech problems– May speak softly, quickly, hesitation. Speech may become monotone
• Writing changes: writing may appear small and become more difficult
Prognosis1. Parkinson’s Disease is both chronic and progressive ● persists over a long period of time (chronic)
● symptoms grow worse over time (progressive)
2. If treated with medications: ● Patients respond differently to medication ● Life expectancy is normal to near normal 3. If left untreated: ● all brain functions deteriorate ● early death
4. Complications associated with Parkinson’s that can lead to severe injury or death ● choking ● pneumonia ● falls
Living with PD• Managing your nutrition and medications
• Exercising or engaging in self fulfilling activities, such as tai-chi or painting
• Getting enough sleep; taking naps would be beneficial
• Consulting a occupational, physical, and/or speech therapist, along with a nutritionist could help with coping.
Michael J. Fox and PD• Fox was diagnosed with PD in 1991 and campaigned for
increased PD research in 1998.
• Fox launched the Michael J. Fox Foundation of Parkinson’s Research in 2000, which is today’s largest non-profit funder of Parkinson’s drug development in the world.
• His foundation focuses on treatments that can slow, stop or reverse the progression of PD.
• The foundation raised over $350 million in research.
Michael J. Fox and PD (2)
• MJFF focuses on 4 priority areas each with a specific investment percentage:
Altering Disease- 52% Defining PD- 22% Untreated Symptoms- 18% Tools- 8%
• Michael J. Fox and his foundation in dedicated to accelerating a cure and improving the lives of those living with Parkinson’s Disease.
Public Awareness• Public awareness of PD
increased after Fox was diagnosed in 1991.
• Team Fox is The Michael J Fox foundations community initiative to help raise funds and awareness for Parkinson’s research.
• Through newsletters; the Fox Focus keeps supporters updated on Parkinson’s research.
• Podcast series was launched on Parkinson’s science in 2010.
Funding• Before Fox, the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation (1957)
funded over $140 million towards research, education and advocacy of PD.
• Michael J. Fox Foundation (2000) has increased funding for PD research.
►$350 million have been invested in PD research.
►$50 million raised and spent each year.
• Michael J. Fox’s celebrity status has increased awareness and funding for the disease.