Reading Guide Reading Guide Ch. 14Ch. 14Healthful EatingHealthful Eating

FACS 1FACS 1

1. Define Nutrients.1. Define Nutrients.

Chemical substances found in food, Chemical substances found in food, which help the body work properly.which help the body work properly.

2. Define Nutrition.2. Define Nutrition.

The science of how nutrients support the The science of how nutrients support the body.body.

3. What is the main 3. What is the main purpose of purpose of carbohydrates?carbohydrates?

The body’s main source of energy.The body’s main source of energy.

4. What is another name 4. What is another name for simple for simple carbohydrates?carbohydrates?

SugarsSugars

5. In what foods do you find 5. In what foods do you find simple carbohydrates?simple carbohydrates?

Milk, fruits, some vegetables, Milk, fruits, some vegetables, Candy, cookies, cakes.Candy, cookies, cakes. Syrups, honey, jellySyrups, honey, jelly

6. What is another name for 6. What is another name for complex carbohydrates?complex carbohydrates?

StarchesStarches

7. In what foods do you find 7. In what foods do you find complex carbohydrates?complex carbohydrates?

Grains: rice, pasta, grits, oatmealGrains: rice, pasta, grits, oatmeal BreadsBreads Corn, peas, potatoesCorn, peas, potatoes CerealCereal

8. What does fiber do for 8. What does fiber do for the body?the body?

Moves waste products through the Moves waste products through the digestive tract.digestive tract.

9. What do proteins do 9. What do proteins do for the body?for the body?

Growth, maintenance and repair of body Growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues.tissues.

10. What are amino 10. What are amino acids?acids?

A component of proteins.A component of proteins. The building blocks of protein.The building blocks of protein.

11. What is the difference 11. What is the difference between complete proteins between complete proteins and incomplete proteins?and incomplete proteins?

Complete: Complete: Contain Contain allall the amino acids the amino acids the body needs.the body needs.

Incomplete: Contain Incomplete: Contain some of the amino some of the amino acids the body acids the body needs.needs.

12. What foods supply 12. What foods supply complete proteins? complete proteins?

Come from animal productsCome from animal products Meat, poultry, fish / shellfish, dairy, eggsMeat, poultry, fish / shellfish, dairy, eggs

13. What foods supply 13. What foods supply incomplete proteins?incomplete proteins?

Come from plant products.Come from plant products. Grains: rice, pasta, gritsGrains: rice, pasta, grits Dry beansDry beans NutsNuts SeesSees

14. Name the 5 functions 14. Name the 5 functions of fats.of fats.

1. Energy1. Energy 2. Insulate the body2. Insulate the body 3. Protect and cushion organs3. Protect and cushion organs 4. Help distribute fat soluble vitamins4. Help distribute fat soluble vitamins 5. Supply essential fatty acids.5. Supply essential fatty acids.

15. What is the difference 15. What is the difference between saturated fats and between saturated fats and unsaturated fats?unsaturated fats?

SaturatedSaturated Solid at room Solid at room

temperaturetemperature Come from animal Come from animal

fatsfats Meats, butter, dairyMeats, butter, dairy

UnsaturatedUnsaturated Generally liquid at Generally liquid at

room temperatureroom temperature Come from plant fatsCome from plant fats Corn oil, soybean oilCorn oil, soybean oil

16. Hydrogenation is the 16. Hydrogenation is the process of changing a liquid process of changing a liquid fat (oil) to a solid fat. Name fat (oil) to a solid fat. Name two solid fats that are made two solid fats that are made from this process.from this process.

MargarineMargarine ShorteningShortening

17. What is cholesterol?17. What is cholesterol?

A fatty substance found in every body A fatty substance found in every body cell.cell.

18. What do Calcium and 18. What do Calcium and Phosphorus do together Phosphorus do together for the body?for the body?

Build bones and teethBuild bones and teeth

19. What does Calcium do 19. What does Calcium do alone for the body?alone for the body?

Regulates the use of other mineralsRegulates the use of other minerals Helps the nervous system to functionHelps the nervous system to function

20. What will happen if you 20. What will happen if you have a deficiency of Calcium have a deficiency of Calcium over a long period of time?over a long period of time?

Develop Osteoporosis: Weak, brittle Develop Osteoporosis: Weak, brittle bone diseasebone disease

21. Name some foods that 21. Name some foods that are good sources of Calcium are good sources of Calcium and Phosphorus.and Phosphorus.

Dairy products: Milk, yogurt, cheeseDairy products: Milk, yogurt, cheese Dark green leafy vegetablesDark green leafy vegetables

22. What does Fluorine 22. What does Fluorine do for the body?do for the body?

Proper development of bones and teethProper development of bones and teeth

23. Where can you get 23. Where can you get Fluorine?Fluorine?

Tooth pasteTooth paste

Many communities put it into the local Many communities put it into the local water supplywater supply

24. What does Iodine do 24. What does Iodine do for the body?for the body?

Makes thyroxineMakes thyroxine

25. What does Thyroxine 25. What does Thyroxine do for the body?do for the body?

A hormone produced by the Thyroid A hormone produced by the Thyroid gland.gland.

Controls the rate at which the body uses Controls the rate at which the body uses nutrients.nutrients.

Deficiency causes a goiter.Deficiency causes a goiter.

26. Where can you get 26. Where can you get Iodine?Iodine?

Iodized table saltIodized table salt SeafoodSeafood

27. What does Iron do for 27. What does Iron do for the body?the body?

Makes HemoglobinMakes Hemoglobin

28. What is Hemoglobin?28. What is Hemoglobin?

A substance in the blood that carries A substance in the blood that carries oxygen fro the lungs to cells throughout oxygen fro the lungs to cells throughout the body.the body.

29. What are some 29. What are some symptoms of iron-deficiency symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?anemia?

Extreme fatigueExtreme fatigue Pale skinPale skin Poor AppetitePoor Appetite

30. Name some foods rich 30. Name some foods rich in iron.in iron.

Organ meatsOrgan meats Lean meatsLean meats Dried beans and peasDried beans and peas Dark green leafy vegetablesDark green leafy vegetables EggsEggs

31. What does Sodium do 31. What does Sodium do for the body? for the body?

Helps maintain the balance of the fluids Helps maintain the balance of the fluids in the body.in the body.

32. Diets high in Sodium 32. Diets high in Sodium are linked with what are linked with what health problem?health problem?

Hypertension – also called high blood Hypertension – also called high blood pressure.pressure.

33. Name the functions 33. Name the functions Zinc has in the body.Zinc has in the body.

1. Normal growth and development1. Normal growth and development 2. Helps immune system2. Helps immune system 3. Heal wounds3. Heal wounds

34. What are the four fat-34. What are the four fat-soluble vitamins?soluble vitamins?

Vitamin AVitamin A Vitamin DVitamin D Vitamin EVitamin E Vitamin KVitamin K

35. Yes or No Can your 35. Yes or No Can your body store these body store these vitamins? If so, where?vitamins? If so, where?

YesYes In the body’s fatty tissues and the liverIn the body’s fatty tissues and the liver

36. What does Vitamin A 36. What does Vitamin A do for the body?do for the body?

Healthy skin and hairHealthy skin and hair EyesightEyesight

37. What is Night 37. What is Night blindness?blindness?

When the eyes cannot adjust from bright When the eyes cannot adjust from bright to dim light.to dim light.

38. What are some food 38. What are some food sources for Vitamin A?sources for Vitamin A?

Liver, whole and fortified milk productsLiver, whole and fortified milk products Fish oilsFish oils

39. What is Carotene?39. What is Carotene?

An orange pigment the body can convert An orange pigment the body can convert to Vitamin A.to Vitamin A.

40. In what foods do you 40. In what foods do you get Carotene?get Carotene?

Orange fruits and vegetablesOrange fruits and vegetables Dark green vegetablesDark green vegetables

41. What is the main 41. What is the main function of Vitamin E?function of Vitamin E?

To act as an antioxidantTo act as an antioxidant

42. What does an 42. What does an antioxidant do?antioxidant do?

Antioxidants protects the body from the Antioxidants protects the body from the damaging effects of oxygen.damaging effects of oxygen.

43. What foods give you 43. What foods give you Vitamin E?Vitamin E?

Vegetable oilsVegetable oils Whole grain cerealsWhole grain cereals LiverLiver Green leafy vegetablesGreen leafy vegetables

44. What does Vitamin K 44. What does Vitamin K do for the body?do for the body?

Helps the blood to clotHelps the blood to clot

45. What foods give you 45. What foods give you Vitamin K?Vitamin K?

SpinachSpinach CabbageCabbage EggsEggs LiverLiver

46. What are the water-46. What are the water-soluble vitamins?soluble vitamins?

Vitamin CVitamin C The B vitamins (Riboflavin, Thiamin, The B vitamins (Riboflavin, Thiamin,

Niacin, BNiacin, B11, B, B1212, B, B66, Folate), Folate)

47. Yes or No Can your 47. Yes or No Can your body store these vitamins?body store these vitamins?

NONO Excess amounts are excreted in the Excess amounts are excreted in the

urine.urine.

48. What does Thiamin, 48. What does Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin do for Riboflavin, and Niacin do for the body?the body?

Helps the body obtain energy from your Helps the body obtain energy from your foods.foods.

49. What is the name for 49. What is the name for a deficiency of Thiamin?a deficiency of Thiamin?

BeriberiBeriberi

50. Define enriched.50. Define enriched.

Nutrients that were lost during processing Nutrients that were lost during processing have been added back into a product.have been added back into a product.

51. What is the name for 51. What is the name for a deficiency of Niacin?a deficiency of Niacin?

PellegraPellegra

52. What does Folate do 52. What does Folate do for pregnant woman?for pregnant woman?

Body uses Folate to make new cells.Body uses Folate to make new cells.

Needed for the development of the brain Needed for the development of the brain and spinal cord of the unborn baby.and spinal cord of the unborn baby.

53. What does Vitamin 53. What does Vitamin BB12 12 do for the body?do for the body?

Helps the body make red blood cells.Helps the body make red blood cells.

54. Name the functions 54. Name the functions for Vitamin C.for Vitamin C.

Helps hold body cells togetherHelps hold body cells together Healing of woundsHealing of wounds Keeps blood vessels strong.Keeps blood vessels strong. Helps body fight infectionHelps body fight infection

55. What is the name of a 55. What is the name of a deficiency of Vitamin C?deficiency of Vitamin C?

ScurvyScurvy

56. Name some foods 56. Name some foods that provide Vitamin C. that provide Vitamin C.

Citrus fruitsCitrus fruits StrawberriesStrawberries CantaloupeCantaloupe PeppersPeppers BroccoliBroccoli tomatoestomatoes

57. Name the functions of 57. Name the functions of water.water.

Carry nutrients to the cellsCarry nutrients to the cells Carries waste products from the cells.Carries waste products from the cells. DigestionDigestion Regulate body temperatureRegulate body temperature

58. Name some ways you 58. Name some ways you get water from the foods get water from the foods you eat.you eat.

SoupsSoups Fruits: oranges, apples, watermelon Fruits: oranges, apples, watermelon Vegetables: tomatoes, cucumbersVegetables: tomatoes, cucumbers BeveragesBeverages