www.opal-rt.com

Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system

Presented by

Luc-André Grégoire

International Conference on Industrial Technology March 17th-19th, 2015

2

Outline

2

- Presentation of real-time simulation

- Large power system simulation technique

- Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

- Distributed simulation approach

3

Presentation of real-time simulation

How many type of real-time simulation exist?

Pure Simulation

Controller Plant

IOs

4

Presentation of real-time simulation

How many type of real-time simulation exist?

Controller Plant

IOs

Real-time simulation

5

Presentation of real-time simulation

How many type of real-time simulation exist?

Rapid Controller Prototyping

(RCP)

IOs

Controller

Plant

IOs

Controller Plant

IOs

Real-time simulation

6

Presentation of real-time simulation

6

How many type of real-time simulation exist?

IOs

Controller

Plant

IOs

Hardware-In-the-Loop

(HIL)

7

Presentation of real-time simulation

7

How many type of real-time simulation exist?

IOs

Controller

Plant

IOs

Hardware-In-the-Loop

(HIL)

Controller

Plant

Real-plant

Power amplifier

Power sig

nals

IOs

IOs

Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop

(PHIL)

8

Presentation of real-time simulation

8

How does real-time simulation work?

9

Presentation of real-time simulation

9

How does real-time simulation work?

𝑋 = 𝐴𝑋 + 𝐵𝑈

𝑌 = 𝐶𝑋 + 𝐷𝑈

𝑋𝑛 = 𝐴𝑋𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑈𝑛

𝑌𝑛 = 𝑃𝑋𝑛−1 + 𝑄𝑈𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑅𝑇𝑆

𝑧 = 𝑒𝑠𝑇

10

Presentation of real-time simulation

10

How does real-time simulation work?

11

Presentation of real-time simulation

11

How does real-time simulation work?

12

Presentation of real-time simulation

12

How does real-time simulation work?

13

Presentation of real-time simulation

13

How does real-time simulation work?

14

Presentation of real-time simulation

14

How does real-time simulation work?

15

Presentation of real-time simulation

15

How does real-time simulation work?

16

Presentation of real-time simulation

16

How does real-time simulation work?

𝑋𝑎𝑛

𝑋𝑏𝑛 =

𝐴𝑎 00 𝐴𝑏

𝑋𝑎𝑛_1

𝑋𝑏𝑛_1 +

𝐵𝑎 00 𝐵𝑏

𝑈𝑎𝑛

𝑈𝑏𝑛

𝑋𝑎𝑛

𝑋𝑏𝑛 =

𝐴𝑎 𝐴𝑎𝑏𝐴𝑏𝑎 𝐴𝑏

𝑋𝑎𝑛_1

𝑋𝑏𝑛_1 +

𝐵𝑎 𝐵𝑎𝑏𝐵𝑏𝑎 𝐵𝑏

𝑈𝑎𝑛

𝑈𝑏𝑛

17

Outline

17

- Presentation of real-time simulation

- Large power system simulation technique

- Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

- Distributed simulation approach

18

Large power system simulation technique

18

• Specialized software

• ARTEMiS

• SSN

• Traditional method

• Distributed parameter line

• Stubline

• Voltage/Current source

19

Large power system simulation technique

19

• Distributed parameter line (DPL)

20

Large power system simulation technique

20

• Distributed parameter line (DPL)

21

Large power system simulation technique

21

• Distributed parameter line (DPL)

22

Large power system simulation technique

22

• Stubline

23

Large power system simulation technique

23

• Stubline

𝐶 =𝑇𝑠2

𝐿

Ts

24

Large power system simulation technique

24

• Stubline

Ts

𝐿 =𝑇𝑠2

𝐶

Ts

25

Large power system simulation technique

25

• Voltage/Current source

26

Large power system simulation technique

26

• Voltage/Current source

27

Outline

27

- Presentation of real-time simulation

- Large power system simulation technique

- Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

- Distributed simulation approach

28

Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

28

• Distributed parameter line (DPL)

1 km

𝑇𝑠 = 50 × 10−6 𝑇𝑠 = 500 × 10−9

2929

• Stubline

𝐶 =𝑇𝑠2

𝐿

Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

SI PUNominal power 100 kVA 1Nominal voltage 600 V 1Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1Capacitorconductance (50 Hz)

2.18 µF 0.0025

Capacitorconductance (5 kHz)

2.18 µF 0.25

𝑇𝑠 = 50 × 10−6

3030

• Stubline

𝐶 =𝑇𝑠2

𝐿

Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

SI PUNominal power 100 kVA 1Nominal voltage 600 V 1Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1Capacitorconductance (50 Hz)

2.18 µF 0.0025

Capacitorconductance (5 kHz)

2.18 µF 0.25

SI PUNominal power 100 kVA 1Nominal voltage 600 V 1Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1Capacitorconductance (50 Hz)

87.27 nF 0.00001

Capacitorconductance (5 kHz)

87.27 nF 0.01

𝑇𝑠 = 10 × 10−6

3131

Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

32

Outline

32

- Presentation of real-time simulation

- Large power system simulation technique

- Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation

- Distributed simulation approach

3333

Distributed simulation approach

3434

Distributed simulation approach

1 2

3

1 2 3

Pure and RT

simulation application

3535

Distributed simulation approach

1 2

3

1 2 3

HIL application

3636

Distributed simulation approach

RCP simulation

application

3737

Distributed simulation approach