Post on 30-Jan-2018
transcript
© ABB
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Recent developments in ABB software technology for control center and market applications - Smart Grid perspective
Jacek Bujak, ABB Enterprise Software, May 2015
© ABB
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The world of electricity is changingA wide range of drivers all over the world
Northern America
Ageing infrastructure, grown over a long period of time
More and more insufficient
Shift in fuel mix (shale gas, renewable energy)
Europe
High pressure to move to renewable energy in the EU
Remote as well as highly distributed generation
Increasing impact of volatility of generation
Ageing societies and urbanization
Asia
Strong growth
Megacities and rural electrification
Higher share of greenfield installations
Strong push for renewable energy in China and India
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Market Drivers - Europe
Drivers
Common energy markets increasing cross border flows
Large increase in renewable power generation
Difficulty predicting power flows
Huge power flows over congested network boundaries
Old generation units being decommissioned
Decreasing system stability
Consequences and requirements
Increased information exchange
Accurate current and future information required
ENTSO-E Network Codes demanding coordination
• Significant penetration of intermittent resources• Unpredictable changes in production• “A network without inertia”
Other, 25
Oil, 4
Nuclear, 12
Gas, 23
Wind, 31
Solar, 35
Coal, 45
German generation capacity mix (GW), 2013
©2014 Ventyx, an ABB company | Confidential & Proprietary | 4
Market Drivers in Europe – Generation Mix
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Future Interconnected Network
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HVDC
More reliable renewable energy will be provided to various parts of the world through a more efficient, reliable and safer system.
Advanced Energy Storage Systems
Breakthroughs in energy storage systems will create more value through electro mobility and less fluctuation of renewable energy
Advanced biofuels technology for transport
It will provide a way of shifting to low carbon, non-petroleum fuels and contributing to decarbonize the transport sector
Microgrid
It will help us to transform the current energy system to a sustainable system by enabling energy reliability and security
Utilization of CO2
It will enhance the improvements and cost reductions of carbon capture technology that is the fundamental solution for greenhouse gas reduction
Ultra-efficient solar power
Achieving ultra high efficiency in solar designs and making modules more efficient will greatly reduce the cost of solar power
Advanced offshore wind turbine technology
Breakthroughs in offshore wind turbine technology will reduce the levelized cost of electricity and will improve the reliability of offshore wind power system
Hybrid renewable energy system
It will provide a way to maximize the use of renewables and to create market opportunities for emerging technologies before they are mature
Internet of Things energy management system
The number of wirelessly connected sensing devices will allow us to gather big data on energy consumption and will provide intelligent way for energy savings
Advanced thermal storage
Breakthroughs in thermal storage system will provide an efficient and cost effective way to store thermal energy which is involved in over 90% of all energy technologies
The 10 breakthrough energy technologies
http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/Events/CEM5
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Why It MattersExample: National Geographic Daily News and MIT Technology Review
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Efficient generation, transport and better utilization of electricity
Up to 80 percent losses along the energy value chainSome losses inherent to the generation of electricityNetwork losses in EU are an estimated 50 TWh, the annual consumption of 13 million
households*
Energy efficiency along the value chain can reduce losses by 30 percent
CommercialResidential
Ava
ila
ble
en
erg
y
More efficient fuel combustion
Improved
pipeline flows
Improved well
efficiencyLower line losses, higher substation
efficiency
Improved productivity Building
management
Primary energy Transport Generation T&D Industry
80
% losses
30 %
savin
g
* Source: European Commission
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ABB ES brings together industry leaders ex. Ventyx, Mincom and ABB Network Control to create the world’s most complete industrial enterprise software and solution provider, backed by the global reach of ABB, that optimizes the assets and operations of customers in essential industries.
ABB Enterprise Software
Network Control Enterprise Software
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Over 1,100 customersGlobal leaders in asset and workforce intense industries
Energy and Utilities Mining
Public Infrastructure Oil, Gas Petrochemicals Government & Defense Telecom & Cable
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Very large real-time and historical data bases
and data acquisition volumes
Very high availability
ENTSOE and NERC cyber security compliance
Multiple languages and time zones
Multiple TSO and PX communications
Flexible system configuration, customization and
data engineering
Several hundreds of large systems delivered
worldwide
Major ABB development and engineering centers
in EU, NA, and IN
Focus on productized baseline software
developments
Network ManagerABB’s Platform for TSOs and large GenCos & DisCos
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Network Control EMS/GMS/DMS – our sites
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ABB Market Management System
Platform Modern, open, standards-based architecture
Message/web-services based
Latest standards in cyber security
Market Infrastructure Registration
e-Trading
Publishing
Market Applications Market Clearing & Congestion Management
Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) and Dispatch (SCED)
Financial Systems Settlements
Billing
End-to-End Solution for Central Markets
Interconnector ManagerRegistration
External InterfacesTrading
Market Time-line
ManagementReport Publishing
[ Market Infrastructure – MI ]
[ Market Applications – MA ]
Resource Dispatch
(RD)
Day-Ahead Market
(DAM)
Message Exchange
(MX)
Hour Ahead Market
(HAM)
Contract Management
(CM)
Real-Time Committment
(RTC)
Real-Time Dispatch
(RTD)
SCADA/EMS
[ Internet ][Participants ]
[ Market Operator ]
Interconnections
Outages &
Availability
System Forecasts
Other Systems
Settlements
Billing & Invoicing
Accounting & Bank
Transfers
Revenue Metering
and Meter Data
Managament
Solution Overview.vsd
Demand Forecast
(SDLF, LDP)
[Outage Scheduler – OS ]
Prudential Risk
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Market Clearing & Congestion Management
Support various market designs Centralized Dispatch, Balanced Schedule
Single MCP, Zonal or Nodal LMP
Provide solutions for all markets/operations - configurable
solutions based on SCUC and SCED engines: Day Ahead, Intra-Day, Real-Time
Configurable Advanced Security Constrained Scheduling Solutions
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Smart Grid Roadmap
Smart Grid
evolution
Time
AMI integration with operational system
Distribution Automation
Integration electric vehicles
Residential/Community Energy storage
Active houses
Demand Response
Environmental and energy efficient equipmentsHVDC Light® system
(FACTS) including SVC and STATCOMSubstation Automation with IEC61850
SVC Light® with Energy Storage
SCADA, EMS, DMS
Building and house control
Smart Grid
Smart Meters for billing
Integration large scale wind/solar farms
Pilots for energy storage, active houses, electric vehicles,
demand response, distribution automation, AMI integration
Shore to ship power
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Two complementary ABB Smart Grid R&D sites
Smart Grid sites:
Smart Grid Gotland
• A full scope ABB Rural Smart Grid with possibility
to study island operation.
• With 30% intermittent renewable production
it represents the challenge many regions
and countries will face in the future.
Stockholm Royal Seaport
• A full scope ABB Urban Smart Grid for
a sustainable city and harbor environment
• Focus on active consumers (residential and
harbor) and peak load reduction
With both these sites ABB can demonstrate
capability to solve the issues related to both
an urban and rural grid environment.
High level of international interest already shown
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Smart Grid Gotland – a fullscale test platform
Monitoring and control Active industries and
farms
Energy storage
Smart substations
Grid automation Active prosumers
HVDC link
Project targets:
1. Integration of wind power generation
2. Improved power quality
3. Active consumers
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Next Level Grid Supervision – sample Smart Grid business scenarios for transmission
Scenario # Name Metrics
1 Transformer Mode Switching
Optimization
Hourly Data
Daily Calculation
2 Voltage-Reactive Power
Optimization
15 mins/hourly data
Hourly calculation
3 Subscription Exceeding and
Demand Response
Hourly data
Hourly calculation
4 Congestions and DLR 15 mins/hourly data
Hourly calculation
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Next Level Grid Supervision – Smart Grid Approach
Operator/System user
comes to the officeSupervises current events Looks at future Events
Reacts to
current events
Checks and
plans for
predicted events
«Pro-acts» to predicted events
Adding pro-activity to the grid
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Smart Grid Applications - Voltage-Var Control
Performs optimization in real-time and
for future conditions using operational
schedules
Determines the optimal control
adjustments needed to correct
identified security violations
Optionally protects against critical
contingency cases
Supports controls and constraints
related to reactive power
VVC (Voltage-Var Control for Transmission)
will schedule power system voltage controls to
achieve a user-selected optimization objective
while ensuring that the system operating
constraints are not violated.
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Transformers can run in both single and parallel mode with losses depending on the load. In the future, with an increased amount of wind power in the network, the situation will be more volatile and we can foresee an increased number of switchings to be more optimal.
Predict the optimal operation mode for the transformers at each substation in order to minimize energy losses.
Dashboards with
configured alerts allow
to view the substations
where the operation
mode requires changes
to enable proactive
operation.
21 3Input Analysis Actions
Achieve:
Operational Performance
transformers are switched on/off twice a year todaywhen optimal # is around 10+
ACTION
INSIGHT Substations with 2
or 3 transformers
Load forecasting at system level, distribu- ted to substation level
Scada system with sub-transmission grid model
Scenario #1 – Substation Switching Optimization
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Next Level Grid Supervision – Predictive Alarms
Predicted
Alarms
Predicted
Events
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Next Level Grid Supervision – Optimal Switching
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This scenario focuses on optimizing the reactive power flow and voltage in the HV network to minimize the expected power losses.
Continuous calculation of losses for alternative operation of capacitors and reactors.
Control that the loss levels remain within the thresholds.
Dashboards with
configured alerts will
display some
operation guidelines
when Voltage/reactive
power is predicted to
cross the limits.
21 3Input Analysis Actions
Achieve:
Operational Performance
Proactive operation of capacitors and reactors in the network
Load forecasting at zone level.
Scada system modeling the sub-transmission network to calculate voltage at each station.
ACTION
INSIGHT
Scenario #2 – Voltage/Reactive Power Optimization
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Distribution Network Operators (DNO) can look at demand response for load peak shaving at specific locations in the grid in order to lower TSO subscription penalty fees.
Compute the impact of each customers at the substations in a meshed network.
Select the optimal set of customer to call for the DR event
Dashboards notify in
advance which
customers the DSO
must call in order to
minimize the costs
during the time of peak
exceeding
Industrial customers with alternative boilers of up to 15MW
21 3Input Analysis Actions
Achieve:
Operational Performance:
Proactive operation
Increase operator’s efficiency
Algorithms+
Automation
ACTION
INSIGHT
Scada + forecasting system to predict subscription exceeding
Scenario #3 – Subscription Peak Exceeding
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Transmission line can be equipped with Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) system to measure congestion level and dispatch load excess. This scenario looks at alleviating the congestion in transmission lines based on forecasts.
Compute the line transfer capacity in a similar way as the DLR but based on wind generation forecast.
Assess forecast
quality against DLR
measurements
Display control
recommendations to
manage the
congestion at the
connection line.
21 3Input Analysis Actions
Achieve:
Operational Performance
Experience for future projects.
Introduce monitoring and DLR system in a more structured way in the future based on lessons from the DLR.
ACTION
INSIGHT connection lines
with DLR system.
Wind farm generation forecasting
Scenario #4 – Dynamic Line Rating
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Next Level Grid Supervision – Smart Grid Approach
The Challenges
The Solution
Meshed network that includes portions of HV grid
Time consuming grid monitoring and supervision,
critical decisions taken in real time
Complex market setup
Reliable Load and Renewable Generation forecast
is one of the enablers for a next-generation Grid
Control Center
SCADA/EMS allows to simulate future grid
behavior and events in order to anticipate potential
critical events and plan for corrective actions in
advance
Demand Response is used as one of the corrective
tools
Smart Grid Intelligence used as the user interface
to handle predicted alarms
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Synchrophasor Applications
Phasor-Enhanced State Estimator
Phasor-Enhanced Voltage Stability Monitor
Visualization / Situational Awareness
Post-Event Analysis
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PMU Deployment - Placement Criteria
Critical interfaces and control area ties & zonal tie lines
Generating stations above certain level (500 MW)
Wind power plants above certain level (100 MW)
Major load centers
Thermal & voltage constraint
Power system stabilizer location
Phase angle regulator location
FACTS devices
Future wind installations
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SCADA/GMS ApplicationsAutomatic Generation Control
• Scheduled Plant
Outputs (Forecasts)
• Participation
Factors ISO• AGC Setpoints
• Current
Generation
• Available Capacity
• Meteorological
Data
• Planned Outages
• Start/Stop
Controls
• P Setpoints
• Q/V Setpoints
Plant SCADA
Power Plant Controller
SCADA/GMS
AGCControl
Area
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ENTSO-E Compliance - AGC Block Control
Hierarchical Mode
Local TSO is the
Block Leader
Extern
TSO
Control Block
TSO2
Local Area AGCBlock Area
AGC
Extern
TSO
Control Block
TSO1
Extern TSO
Extern
TSO
Extern
TSO
BCB * ∆f
INTACTCB
INTSCHCBFilt +
PI
FACT
Loc TSO
FACTTSO1
FACTTSO2
BCETSO1
(ICCP)
BCETSO2
(ICCP)
U
U
U
BCE
Local TSO
Part of Block Area
Local TSO
Local
Area
BCELocTS
O
ACELocTSO
Filt +
PIΣ
Croatia
Hungary
Bosnia
Herzegovina
SerbiaSloveniaItaly
Austria
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Implementation
Monitoring and control of wind farms at the wind turbine level
Automatic Generation Control at the wind farm level
Common, single view of different technologies
Monitoring of actual vs. predicted, contracted production
Dispatch (AGC) and TSO communications
Challenges
Very large amount of generating units
Non-standardized naming, data acquisition, etc.
Centralized Wind Power Management
© ABB
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Voltage and Var Optimization (VVO) for DMS
Optimizes the energy delivery efficiency on distribution systems
Minimize losses
Minimize demand
Real-time application within NM DMS
The function simultaneously:
Solves power flow
Moves controlled equipment to:
Optimize objective
Reduce network violations
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Controls for VVO
Substation voltage regulating transformers
Feeder voltage regulators
Substation and feeder switchable capacitors
Thank You