Post on 27-Dec-2015
transcript
Reconstruction1865-1876
The aftermath of the Civil War
Lincoln’s View
• US as “one indivisible nation” had prevailed• Plan to quickly restore state
governments loyal to the Union• Lincoln’s plan was jeopardized by
his assassination• John Wilkes Booth• Ford’s Theater• April 14, 1865
Why “Reconstruction?”
South is in RUINS
Why Reconstruction?
•Roads, bridges, buildings, and machinery were destroyed.•Once-rich farm fields were barren or weed choked•Confederate money was worthless• Farmers and planters had no money or credit to buy
seeds and tools so they could start growing crops again• The vast labor pool of slaves had dried up.
Radical Republicans want:
• To punish states that seceded (ANGRY with South)• To ensure equal voting rights for
African Americans
• They clash with Lincoln’s successor: Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson
• Impeached by Radical Republicans 1868• Not removed from office• Senate voted to acquit President
Andrew Johnson by a margin of 35 guilty to 19 not guilty - one vote short of the two-thirds needed to convict.
Text Book Assignment: Complete Sentences (except definitions)• Define vocabulary listed in sidebar on pages: 402, 410, 419• Check Point Questions: 403, 405, 406, 409, 412, 415, 416, 418, 421,
424, & 427
• Explain what the following people contributed to Reconstruction:• Ulysses S. Grant• Frederick Douglass• Robert E. Lee
The Civil War Amendments
• 13th Amendment:• Abolish slavery permanently in the US
• 14th Amendment:• States prohibited from denying equal
rights under the law to any American• Some Southern states immediately
implement “Black Codes”• These limit rights for African Americans
• 15th Amendment:• Voting rights were guaranteed
regardless of “race, color, or previous degree of servitude.”
Black Codes differed by state
laws designed to regulate the lives of the former slaves:• Employment was required of all freedmen;
violators faced vagrancy charges• Freedmen could not assemble without the
presence of a white person• Freedmen were assumed to be agricultural
workers and their duties and hours were tightly regulated
• Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write
• Public facilities were segregated• Violators of these laws were subject to being
whipped or branded.
End of Reconstruction
• Election of 1876:• Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican• Samuel Tilden, Democrat• Hayes won by 1 electoral vote,
Tilden won the popular vote by 250,000 votes.
• Compromise of 1877• Democrats agreed to election
results if Republicans agreed to compromise.
Compromise of 1877opens the door to the “Jim Crow Era” and began a long period in the
South where African Americans were denied full rights of American citizenship.
• To withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the South• To enact federal legislation that
would spur industrialization in the South• To appoint Democrats to
patronage positions in the South• To appoint a Democrat to the
president’s cabinet.
Economic Impact of War and ReconstructionNorth and Midwest
• Strong, growing industrial economies• Will cause the US to emerge as a
global economic power
South
• Devastated by war, infrastructure destroyed• Labor force gone because of end
of slavery and casualties of war• Remained agriculturally based
economy and poorest part of country
Transcontinental Railroad:• Increases Westward movement
towards the Pacific• Completed soon after war ends
Social Impact of War and Reconstruction• African Americans:• Emancipation Proclamation allows
them to serve in Union Army• Civil War Amendments end slavery• Black Codes restrict rights in South
• Women:• Managed homes and families with
little resources• Faced poverty and hunger• Found new roles in agriculture,
nursing, and war industries
Social Impact of War and Reconstruction• Common Soldier:• Warfare = gruesome hand to hand
combat• Diaries and letters home record this• Left psychological scars
• Returned home to find homes gone• Left with permanent disabilities
Robert E. Lee• Urged Southerners to reconcile
and rejoin U.S.• President of Washington and Lee
University• Emphasized the importance of
education in nation’s future
Frederick Douglass• Supported full equality for
African Americans• Urged passage of 14th and 15th
Amendments• Encouraged government actions
to protect rights of freedmen• Served as ambassador to Haiti
Ulysses S. Grant
• Urged Radical Republicans not to be harsh with former Confederates• Elected president 1869-1877• Advocated rights for freedmen• Opposed revenge on the South
New Vocab:
• Scalawags--southern whites who supported republican policy throughout reconstruction
•Carpetbaggers--northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction or took advantage of vulnerable economy
• Sharecropping--system in which landowners rented a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops
Reconstruction Poster
• Title• Dates• Johnson’s View• Radical Republican View• What reforms were actually passed?• Explain the three Civil War Amendments• Explain the Compromise of 1877 and End of Reconstruction• Include Douglass’, Lee’s, and Grant’s view• Pictures and color to accent important information