Post on 03-Jan-2016
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Regents Biology 2009-2010
Cellular RespirationENERGY
ATP
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Regents Biology
CO2 + H2O + heatfuel
(carbohydrates)
O2
“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step
ATP
ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)
aerobic Respiration – uses oxygenmaking ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps
glucose(carbohydrates)
O2
enzymes
Regents Biology
Energy needs of life - GRRSNERT Animals are energy consumers or
heterotrophs What do we need energy for?
Synthesis (building for Growth) Reproduction active Transport - low to high; endo + exocytosis movement temperature control (making heat) - Regulation
Regents Biology
Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in bonds of organic molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins – contain C + H Animals eat these organic molecules food
digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules
Carbohydrates made of simple sugars, fats made of fatty acids, proteins made of amino acids, nucleic acids made of nucleotides
ATP
Regents Biology
Releasing energy stored in food Cellular Respiration
breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen
“aerobic” Respiration
usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars,
fats, or proteins
C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2O+ + +
glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide
O2
glucose ATP
enzymes
enzymes
Regents Biology
What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” for making energy
mitochondria has folds to increase surface area Fuel
food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins Helpers
oxygen - aerobic enzymes
Product ATP’s (36)
Waste products carbon dioxide
then used by plants water
O2
glucose
ATP
Make ATP!Make ATP!
All I do all day…And no one
even notices!
enzymes
CO2 H2O
Regents Biology
Can’t store ATP too unstableonly used in cell
that produces itonly short term
energy storage carbohydrates & fats
are long term energy storage
Using ATP to do work?
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second
ATP
ADP + P
Useable energy
Whoa! Pass me theglucose & oxygen!
Adenosine DiPhosphate
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Regents Biology
release energy
A Body’s Energy Budget
eatglucose
Synthesis(building)
• energy needed even at rest
• activity• temperature
control{
• Growth• Reproduction• repair{
storage• glycogen
(in the liver)• fat - ↑ calories{
ATP1
2
3
Regents Biology
What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete
aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
also known as fermentation alcohol fermentation - yeast lactic acid fermentation – bacteria, human muscles
occurs with no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria/prokaryotes)
can only make very little ATP (2) large animals cannot survive for long some ATP is better than NO ATP
O2
Regents Biology
Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation
alcohol fermentation yeast
glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol
make beer, wine, bread
lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals
glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue – the “burn”
O2
Tastes good…but not enoughenergy for me!
enzymes
enzymes