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Regents Biology
Nucleic acids: Information Molecules
CarbonHydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Regents Biology
DNADNA
Nucleic Acids Function:
genetic material made of nucleotide sequences stores information
blueprint for building proteins
transfers informationblueprint for new cellsreproduction
proteinsproteins
RNARNA
Regents Biology
Nucleic Acids Structure
Monomer = nucleotide
5 different nucleotides different nitrogen bases A, T, C, G, U
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
phosphate
sugar N base
Nitrogen basesI’m the
A,T,C,G or Upart!
Regents Biology
Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids
nucleotides chained into a polymer DNA
double-sideddouble helixA, C, G, T
RNAsingle-sidedA, C, G, U
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
strong bonds
RNA
Regents Biology
NUCLEIC ACIDS: DNA & RNA
Examples DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Found in the nucleus of the cell
Double sided = double helix structure
stores informationDirects RNA synthesis (transcription)Directs protein synthesis (translation)
Regents Biology
Function of DNA
1
2
3
Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
Movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore
Synthesisof protein
NUCLEUSCYTOPLASM
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
AminoacidsPolypeptide
mRNA
Figure 5.25
Regents Biology
DNA Double strand of polynucleotides twisted into a double helix weak bonds between nitrogen bases join
the 2 strands A pairs with T
A :: T C pairs with G
C :: G the two strands can
separate when our cells need to make copies of it
weak bonds
Regents Biology
DNA Structure
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
http://www.dnatube.com/video/3447/DNA-double-helix
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
phosphate
sugar N base
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Regents Biology 9
Nucleotide Polymers
Are made up of nucleotides linked by the–OH group on the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5´ carbon on the next
Regents Biology 10
The DNA double helix Consists of two antiparallel nucleotide
strands3’ end
Sugar-phosphatebackbone
Base pair (joined byhydrogen bonding)
Old strands
Nucleotideabout to be added to a new strand
A
3’ end
3’ end
5’ end
Newstrands
3’ end
5’ end
5’ end
Figure 5.27
Regents Biology
NUCLEIC ACIDS
RNA Ribonucleic Acid Found in the nucleus, ribosomes, and
mitochondria Single sided Contains nitrogenous base U instead of T Transfers information
Blueprint for protein synthesis
RNA
Regents Biology
AA
A
A
TC
G
CG
T
GC
T