Religion and Reform

Chapter 81812-1860Page 264

A Religious AwakeningSection 1

• A. Second Great Awakening- Early 1800’s a revival of religious feeling swept the country

• Started in Kentucky and spread• Preachers known as revivalists spoke at

outdoor meetings and churches around the country

• Church membership skyrocketed • Religious reforms swept country

B: Evangelical style

• Charles Grandison Finney- first evangelical style of worship

• Lyman Beecher- Yale Educated- also known for fiery speeches

Tensions

• Many wanted gov’t to back religion- stop people from working on Sundays

• African Americans also embrace second Great Awakening

• However, many start their own church- AME-8,000 members

• Would lead many to call for an end of slavery• Also led to many slave revolts

C. Mormons

• Many people dislike Mormons– More than one wife– Voted as a community– Held property as a community

• Leader Joseph Smith• Had to go place to place getting away from

violence• Joseph Smith murdered in Nauvoo Ohio-

Mormons would go west- Utah

D. Jews and Catholics

• Catholics also hated– Minority– Poor- Irish- worked for less– Believed they showed loyalty to pope, not U.S>

• Jews– Different culture– Started coming in larger numbers

E: The Rest

• Utopias- tried to establish perfect societies– Most fail

• Shakers- United Society of Believers in Christ’s second appearing– Set up independent villages

• Transcendentalists- don’t need bible to find God- listen to inner self and nature– Ralph Waldo Emersonsd– Henry David Thoreau- Nature, Walden

Reforming SocietySection 2

• A: Education • Colonial times- parents taught- The American

Spelling • Inadequate• Public School Movement- Led by Horace

Mann- championed education in Mass. First state board of education, end corporal punishment, well trained teachers

• Democracy to work, needed educated population

B. Prisoners

• Dorothea Dix- 1841- began teaching Sunday schools in prisoner

• Wanted to reform the horrible prison system– Mental illness with hardened criminals

• Promoted building hospitals for mentally ill• Penitentiary movement – Two types: Pennsylvania system, Auburn Prison

system

C: Temperance movement

• Industrialization caused many issues in society• Crime, sickness, poverty, and neglected

families• Temperance movement- end alcohol abuse • Prohibition- outlaw alcohol• ATS- • Neal Dow- gave lectures

Section 3Anti Slavery Movement

• During the 1800’s, the issue of slavery would always be on the mines of the people.

• Many would try to abolish slavery, while others would defend it

A. Slavery

• By 1800, more than 2 million slaves in U.S. • 1/3 under age of ten• Life was terrible• Describe the Life of a slave– 1– 2– 3– 4– 5

B. Survival

• Some would lose hope• Others found ways to cope• Maintain traditions and family ties• Rely on Christian beliefs• Resist slavery– Run away– Break tools– Work slowly– Revolts- Denmark Vesey????

C. Nat Turner

• 1831, led a revolt in Richmond Virginia• Could read and write• Believed God told him to lead his people to

freedom• Killed 60 people before local militia stopped

them• Him and followers were executed • Southerners would reacted? 1. 2.

D: Freed slaves

• Not all AA’s were slaves• By 1780’s, some owners slowly freeing their

slaves and many northern states abolish slavery- manumitting

• ACS- American Colonization Society- established Liberia- a colony for free slaves to go to

• 1830 some 1,100 people returned

E: Fight Against slavery

• 1804- all states north of Maryland abolish slavery

• 1807- slave trade banned• Abolition movement gaining momentum– William Lloyd Garrison- the Liberator – American anti-slavery Society– Frederick Douglas- former slave- great speaker

F. Fight Against Abolition

• South relied on slavery– Benefited the economy, north and south– Was better than waged laborers- for slaves and

owners– Christianity promoted slavery– Slavery was good for AA’s– Keep white superiority over AA’s

F. Northerners racist too

• Some northerners also supported slavery• Got Gag rule passed- law prohibiting

discussion on slavery• Many abolitionists attacked

• Slavery would continue to divide the country and hurt North/South relations.

Section 4The Women’s Movement

• Many women would join the abolition movement

• Would realize, “Hey, were not much better off than slaver”

• We should get us some rights too.

A. Limits

• Early 1800’s Women couldn’t – Vote– Own property– If divorced, men got custody– Hold office– Forbidden to speak in public in many cases

• Basically, don’t have an opinion, been seen and not heard

B. Women Reformers

• Most important women’s reformers of 1800;s• Sojourner Truth-women rights and slavery• Catherine Beecher-advanced school• Emma Willard-advanced school• Dorothea Dix-prison reform• Angelina and Sara Grimke- started abolition

groups and women’s rights groups

C. Progress

• Industrial revolution allowed women to enter workplace

• Still paid less then men and only certain jobs

• Women’s movement officially started in early to mid 1800’s

• Published pamphlets, held meetings, protested

D. More Women• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton-

household names in women’s rights

• Seneca Falls convention- meeting of men and women- wrote the Declaration of sentiments

• Suffrage would be an early goal

E. Progress- Married Women’s property Act- guaranteed property of married women