Post on 15-Jul-2015
transcript
How didRenaissance Art
And Architecture Differ from the Medieval Period?
Do Now: Study the picture above then answer the questionson your handout
1. Realism & Expression1. Realism & Expressionr Expulsion from the GardenExpulsion from the Gardenh MasaccioMasaccioh 14271427
h First nudes sinceFirst nudes sinceclassical times.classical times.
SAINT DEMETRIUS OF SALONICA.
High Middle Ages
End of 14th century
Before
Masaccio’s Masaccio’s “Trinity”“Trinity”
The first known painting
to applyBrunelleschi’s
system of linear
perspective.
Church of Santa Maria
Novella,Florence
Before
2. Perspective2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
First use First use of linear of linear
perspective!perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
� The TrinityThe Trinity� MasaccioMasaccio� 14271427
What you are, What you are, I once was; I once was; what I am, what I am,
you will you will become.become.
Progression of the Use of Perspective
1280’s 1480’s1380’s
Perspective!Perspective!
Betrothal Betrothal of the of the
Virgin Virgin
RaphaelRaphael
15041504
3. Classicism and Realism3. Classicism and Realism
� Greco-Roman influence.
� Secularism.� Humanism.� Individualism free
standing figures.. Symmetry/Balance
The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)
Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – Botticel l i , 1485 – Botticel l i , 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art
Botticelli's Birth of Venus Caravaggio’s
Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
Da Vinci’sVitruvian Man
Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art
4. Emphasis on Individualism4. Emphasis on IndividualismL Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The
Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoDuke & Dutchess of Urbinoo Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
� Vitruvian Man Vitruvian Man
� Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci
� 14921492
TheTheL’uomoL’uomo
universaleuniversale
5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
P The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranatePomegranate
P Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci
P 14691469P The figure as The figure as
architecture!architecture!
Raphael ’ sRaphael ’ s Canagiani Madonna, Canagiani Madonna, 15071507
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro
SfumatoSfumato
Leonardo da Vinci
described sfumato
as "without lines or borders,
in the manner of smoke or beyond
the focus plane."
Famous works by Italian Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo
Leonardo Raphael
Donatello
The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”“ Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.. Deep knowledge/skill in one area.k Able to link information from
different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
d The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. . Artist
e Sculptore Architecte Scientiste Engineere Inventor1452 - 15191452 - 1519
Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo da Vinci,
D The Virgin of The Virgin of the Rocks the Rocks
D Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci
D 1483-14861483-1486
Leonardo, the Artist :Leonardo, the Artist :From his From his Notebook of over Notebook of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)5000 pages (1508-1519)
Leonardo Da Vinci
Why is Mona Lisa so famous?
Mona Lisa (La Giocande)Oil on wood panel
Fun Fact! Notice her lack of eyebrows! Women during this period would shave them off! It was considered fashionable to do so!
Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??
The Last The Last SupperSupper
Gospel Book of Bernward ofHildesheim, c. 1016
German
LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci, “Last Supper” da Vinci, “Last Supper”
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy
““Last Supper” PerspectiveLast Supper” Perspective
horizontal
vert
ical
Perspective!Perspective!
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498& Geometry& Geometry
RefractoryRefractory
Convent of Convent of Santa Santa
Maria del le Maria del le GrazieGrazie
MilanMilan
� Detail of Detail of JesusJesus
� The Last The Last SupperSupper
� Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci
� 14981498
DeterioratioDeteriorationn
Leonardo Da Vinci
The Last SupperTempera and mixed media on Plaster
A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John or Mary Magdalene?St. John or Mary Magdalene?
Leonardo, the SculptorLeonardo, the Sculptor
Ì An An Equestrian Equestrian StatueStatue
Ì 1516-15181516-1518
Leonardo, the Architect :Leonardo, the Architect :Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
ì Study of a Study of a central church.central church.
ì 14881488
Leonardo, the Architect :Leonardo, the Architect :Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
c Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
p An example of An example of the humanist the humanist desire to unlock desire to unlock the secrets of the secrets of nature.nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Leonardo, the Inventor:Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages Pages
from his from his NotebookNotebook
Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?
A study of siege defenses.A study of siege defenses.Studies of water-lifting Studies of water-lifting
devices.devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Leonardo DaVinci
King DavidKing David
Above: Gospel Book of Philip the FairRight: Vivian Bible
� David by David by DonatelloDonatello� 14301430� First free-form bronze First free-form bronze
since Roman times!since Roman times!
The Liberation of The Liberation of SculptureSculpture
DavidDavid
VerrocchioVerrocchio
1473 - 14751473 - 1475
� DavidDavid� MichelangeloMichelangelo
BuonarottiBuonarotti� 15041504� MarbleMarble
Michelangelo’s DetailMichelangelo’s Detail
15c15c
16c 16c
WhatWhat
aa
differencedifference
aa
centurycentury
makes!makes!
� The PietaThe Pieta
� MichelangeloMichelangeloBuonarrotiBuonarroti
� 14991499
� marblemarble
The Popes as Patrons of the The Popes as Patrons of the ArtsArts
Michelangelo
The Sistine ChapelFresco
“The Creating of Adam”
The Sistine The Sistine ChapelChapel
Michelangelo Michelangelo BuonarrotiBuonarroti
1508 - 15121508 - 1512
Film Clip
Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingThe Sistine Chapel’s CeilingMichelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 15121508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
The The Creation Creation of the of the HeavensHeavens
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
Creation of ManCreation of Man
A Modern “Adaptation”A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
The Fall The Fall from from GraceGrace
CreationCreation
Michelangelo, Sistine ChapelMichelangelo, Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo, Sistine ChapelMichelangelo, Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails
The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment
Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi)
Donatello’s David vs. Michelangelo’s David
Raphel Sanzio
The School of AthensFresco (water color on plaster)
Raphael’s “School of Athens”Raphael’s “School of Athens”
The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11– Raphael, 1510 -11
� One point perspective.c All of the important Greek philosophers
and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!
i A great variety of poses.o Located in the papal apartments library.a Raphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
e No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, – Raphael, 1510 -111510 -11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
AristotleAristotle::looks to thislooks to thisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and
now].now].
PlatoPlato::looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or the IDEALthe IDEAL
realm].realm].
The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, detai ls– Raphael, detai ls
Film Clip
Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras
Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid
Raphael’s “School of Athens”Raphael’s “School of Athens”Clockwise:Plato (Leonardo), Aristotle,Raphael,Michelangelo
Raphel Sanzio
Who’s who in the School?
In the Center: Plato on the Right, Aristotle
On the left!
Raphel Sanzio
Italian Renaissance Recap
Linear Perspective: Distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer. Making scenes appear 3-Dimensional.
Revival of classical themes
Realistic: Emotion
More secular than the religious Medieval period
Focus on Humanism: Human achievement and form
Aspects of Italian Renaissance Art
The Renaissancemoves North!
About 100 years after the Renaissance began it Italy,It moved north to Flanders (Northern Belgium). Took longer to recover from the economic devastation brought on by the black plague. 100 years war in France/England Remember me?
Contained great detail More landscape and nature paintings -
usually darker and colder Oil painting on Canvas – allowed for
vivid color Paintings are less secular. More religious
questioning. More scenes of daily life.
Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art
Jan Van Eyck - Flanders
The Wedding ofArnolfiniOil on canvas
Jan Van Eyck - Flanders
Madonna Del RolinOil on wood
Albrcht Durer
Self Portrait 28Oil on panel
Albrcht Durer - Germany
RabbitOil on Panel
Hans Holbein
Bruegel
Peasant WeddingOil on wood
Medieval vs. Renaissance aRchitectuRe
Gothic (Medieval)
•Gothic architecture was very large, “pointy”•Flying buttresses supported large walls•Stained glass told stories
Renaissance
•Revival of Arch and Dome•Qualities of Greek and Roman architecture•Used columns for supportIntricate design
Renaissance Architecture vs. Medieval Architecture
El TempietoDonato Bramante
Notre Dame Cathedral
Il DuomoBrunelleschi
� Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436
s Architect of the DuomoArchitect of the Duomo Cuppolo of St. MariaCuppolo of St. Maria
del Fioredel Fiore
Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
• Commissioned to build the cathedral dome.– Used unique
architectural concepts. He studied the
ancient Pantheon in Rome.
Used ribs for support.
Brunelleschi ’ s Brunelleschi ’ s DomeDome
Comparing DomesComparing Domes
Other Famous DomesOther Famous Domes
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)
Influcenced by archectiture of the classical period (Greece, Rome)
Use of Domes, arches, and columns.
Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture
• Written in Italian (not Latin)• Observations and commentary on
political rule and power• Addressed the issue of effective
rule– How to gain and maintain order
and control– “…it is safer to be feared than to
be loved…”– “The ends justify the means”
• Stressed the practical (pragmatic) over the ethical or moral, more secular and humanistic
• Political science- Politics was to be governed by its own laws
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince• Machiavelli was from Florence (1469-1527)• Well educated in the classics• Career was in public service and he eventually served as the ambassador to France
The Courtier by Castiglione
• Written in Italian 1528• Treatise on the training
of young men in the courtly ideal of a Renaissance gentleman
• Stressed the value of education and manners
• Influenced social mores and norms during the period
Erasmus - 1446-1536
• Dutch • Biblical scholar and educator• Believed that the Bible was
at the center of the Christian faith
• Stressed Christian education and access to the scriptures (for everyone)– Believed that people should be
able to read the scriptures for themselves
• Highly critical of papal abuses and worldliness– The Praise of Folly
Sir Thomas More
• Lord Chancellor of England during the reign of Henry VIII- highest political office in England
• Lawyer and scholar• Works reflect a commitment
to the values and mandates of Scripture and the Church
• Wrote Utopia – explored the idea of a “perfect” society
• Eventually executed by Henry VIII for refusing to agree to the king and Parliament’s Act of Supremacy
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
• English playwright– English vernacular
• Many of his major works are a expression of Renaissance values of honor, heroism, and the struggle against “fate” and fortune
• His view of man’s capacity for evil and self-destruction contrasted with the Renaissance humanistic ideal of humanity
The Globe Theater in London
The Renaissance brought a new way of thinking and living to Europe
A new worldview was emerging
The medieval Christian worldview was giving way to a more MODERN (secular and
humanistic) view of the world and humanity
How did the Renaissance change thought?
Age of ReasonAge of “Faith”
“Rebirth”“Dark” Ages
Focus on learning the “Classics” (The Iliad, Aristotle) to inspire learning and the arts
Little focus on learning and
the arts
The Individual is importantThe Individual not important
Focus on this lifeFocus on Afterlife
AfterBefore