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Renewable potential in Gobi desert, Gobitec and Asian Super Grid Initiative
Yeren-Ulzii Batmunkh, Senior Officer, Ministry of
Energy, Mongolia
The 4th Northeast Asia Energy Security
Forum 2016
Seoul, December 15 2016
www.energy.gov.mn
Contents
Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert
Wind, Solar
Gobitec Initiative
Idea, Concept
Towards Asian Super Grid
Rationale, What is next
Concluding
Lessons to be learned, recommendations
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Solar – Solar: 270-300 sunny days in a year, 4.3-4.7 kWh/meter or higher per day
Estimated kWh/ m2/day Applicable land (km2) Total Power: GWh/year 3.4 5,269.5 654,000 3.8 3,924.7 544,000 4.1 4,210.6 630,000 4.5 4,514.8 742,000 5.4 5,541.9 1,092,000
Total 23,461.5 4,774,000 •Source: US National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Center of Mongolia
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Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert
Therefore after an estimation, 3% of the
Gobi area would be enough, which
includes around 1,3 Mio. km² to produce
more than 21.400 TWh of energy in one
year. Calculations existed, that this energy
production per year would have been
enough to serve the energy demand of the
whole world in the year 2008.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
and the US Department of Energy
estimates the overall potential for
installed renewable energy by 2,600
TWh, only for the Mongolian part of the
Gobi desert. This divides into 1,100 TWh
wind energy potential and 1,500 TWh
solar power potential per year.
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7
The DESERTEC Concept (for EU-MENA)
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The SEATEC Concept (for Northern Europe) European offshore super grid: Transmitting electricity through HVDC interconnectors within
Northern Europe Source: European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) 2009 / 2010
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GOBITEC and Asian Super Grid INITIATIVE
(NORTHEAST ASIA)
•9 •9 •Resource: “GOBITEC AND ASIAN SUPER GRID FOR RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN NORTHEAST ASIA” Report 2014
www.energy.gov.mn
•10
•Ази, номхон далайн бүсийн орнуудын хүрээнд эрчим хүчний нэгдсэн систем байгуулах санаачлагууд
2015 2030
126 159 257
310 406
506
69 103
RUSSIA
2015 2035
1708
2240
500
787
164
552 400
754
CHINA
2015 2035
111 129
185 152
101 129
86 92
JAPAN
2015 2035
67 76 94 93 43 39 40 49
KOREA
2010
66 45
DPRKOREA
2015 2035
3
9
1 3
0 0 1 2
MONGOLIA
COAL OIL NATURAL GAS ELECTRICITY
•Unit: Mtoe
•Source: ADB 2013
Currently, NEAsian region
use 1/5 and countries use
1/4 of world energy supply
Energy Demand Outlook
in NEA
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Road to Very Large Scale PV
MW-scale PV system : already ‘proven’
100MW PV system : now realizing!
GW-scale PV plant : within a decade!
Src: 'Potential of Very Large Scale PV Systems', Workshop on Super Grid in North-East Asia, Busan, Korea, 28
March 2013
GW-scale to ‘TW electricity’
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HVDC projects in Worldwide
HVDC technology is not new, there has been realized many projects
Troll
Nelson River 2
CU-project
Vancouver Island
Pole 1
Pacific Intertie
Pacific Intertie
Upgrading
Pacific Intertie
Expansion
Intermountain
Blackwater
Rio Madeira
Inga-Shaba
Brazil-Argentina
Interconnection I&II
English
Channel
Dürnrohr
Sardinia-Italy
Highgate
Châteauguay
Quebec-
New England
Skagerrak 1-3
Konti-Skan Baltic Cable
FennoSkan 1&2
Kontek
SwePol
ChaPad
Rihand-Delhi
Vindhyachal
Sakuma
Gezhouba-Shanghai
Three Gorges-Shanghai
Leyte-Luzon
Broken Hill
New Zealand 1&2
Gotland Light
Gotland 1-3
Murraylink
Eagle Pass
Tjæ reborg
Hällsjön
Hagfors
Directlink
Cross Sound
Italy-Greece Rapid City
Vizag II
Three Gorges-Guandong
Estlink
Valhall
Cahora Bassa
Sapei
Square Butte
Sharyland
Three Gorges-Changzhou
Outaouais
Caprivi Link
Hülünbeir- Liaoning
Lingbao II Extension
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
BorWin1
NorNed
Apollo Upgrade
EWIP
IPP Upgrade
Itaipu
Source: Navigant Research, 2014
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HVDC projects in China
Guangdong
Fujian
Taiwan
Sichuan &
Chongqing Hubei
Hunan
Jiangxi
Heilongjiang
Inner Mongolia
Hebei
Henan Jiangsu
Shandong
Anhui
Guangxi
Guizhou
Beijing
Tianjin
Shanghai
Jilin
Gansu
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Qinghai
Xinjiang
Xizang
Ningxia
Liaoning
Zhejiang
Yunnan
Hainan Nuozhadu-Guangdong
800kV, 5000-6000 MW, 2015 Bangkok
NW-Sichuan (Baoji – Deyang)
3000 MW, 2011
BtB North - Central
1000 MW, 2012
BtB Shandong - East
1200 MW, 2011
Irkutsk (Russia) - Beijing
800kV, 6400 MW, 2015
BtB Northeast-North (Gaoling)
1500 MW, 2008
Goupitan - Guangdong
3000 MW, 2016
Russia
Jinghong-Thailand 3000MW, 2013
Ningxia - Tianjing 3000 MW, 2010
NWPG
NCPG
NEPG
CCPG ECPG
North Shaanxi-Shandong
3000 MW, 2011
Yunnan - Guangdong
800kV, 5000 MW, 2009
SCPG
Hulunbeir (Inner Mongolia)
- Shenyang
3000 MW, 2010
Xianjiaba – Shanghai
800kV, 6400 MW, 2011
Xiluodu - Hanzhou
800kV, 6400 MW, 2015
Xiluodu - Hunan
800kV, 6400 MW, 2014
(The year means project in operation)
Hami – C. China 800kV, 6400 MW, 2018
Humeng – Shandong
Humeng - Tianjing
800kV, 6400 MW, 2016
Humeng - Liaoning
800kV, 6400 MW, 2018
Jinsha River II – East China
800kV, 6400 MW, 2016
Jinsha River II - Fujian
800kV, 6400 MW, 2018
Jinsha River II – East China
800kV, 6400 MW, 2019
Jingping – East China
800kV, 6400 MW, 2012
Lingbao BtB Expansion
750 MW, 2009
Gezhouba-Shanghai Expansion
3000 MW, 2011
BtB China-Russia (HeiHe)
800kV, 6400 MW, 2015
750 MW, 2008
FarEast (Russia) – NE China
3000 MW, 2010
•China has accumulated huge experience for constructing the long distance HVDC lines
Source: Navigant Research, 2014
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The main goal of the Gobitec initiative and (Northeast) Asian
Supergrid is:
GOBITEC INITIATIVE
AND (NORTHEAST) ASIAN SUPERGRIG
- To build sustainable energy
infrastructure based on
renewable energy sources,
wherein electricity produced from
the vast potential of renewable
energy in Gobi desert and
Siberia would be transmitted
through HVDC Supergrid to all
countries of the Northeast Asia.
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GOBITEC INITIATIVE
AND (NORTHEAST) ASIAN SUPERGRIG
First study published in
2014; partners:
• ECS (Brussels)
• KEEI (Korea)
• ESI (Russia)
• MoE (Mongolia)
• JREF (Japan)
• Fraunhofer ISI
• Fraunhofer ISE
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GOBITEC/ASG system is composed of 4 parts ….
① Solar/Wind Farms for NRE Generation
② Collecting system for Generation Sites
③ Cross-border transmission system (ASG)
④ Connecting system to Each Countries
Conceptual
Configurations on GOBITEC+ASG
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ADB approved Technical Assistance to Mongolia:
TA name: Strategy for Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection
TA purpose: Prepare action plan and road map for power interconnection in the Northeast Asia
TA amount: $1.75 million funded by (i) Climate Change Fund, (ii) The PRC Regional Cooperation, and Poverty Reduction
Fund, and (iii)ROK e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund
Implemented period: 2016 to 2018 (25 months)
Second stage of the study
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Second stage of the study
TA activities Assess power systems and markets in NE Asia - conduct analytical
studies including political, economic, technical, institutional and legal
aspects
Conduct wind and solar resource assessment of Mongolia and develop
renewable energy capacity expansion plan for power export
Identify projects and develop investment plan
Initiate regional knowledge and investment platform that promotes
regional power interconnection participated by nongovernment
organizations, research institutes, and the private sector
Raise awareness and build consensus through workshops and
conferences in Mongolia, PRC, ROK, and Japan.
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- NEA countries are strongly pushing forward the large scale utilization of
RE power sources and has accumulated sufficient experiences for
constructing the long distance HVDC lines, particularly China, which are
very important basic for development of supergrids at regional level in
Northeast Asia
There are has been accumulated a huge analytical studies & researches
for development and construction of long distance transnational HVDC
Supergrids in Asia, which concludes that ASG is one of the feasible option
for energy integration and technology is proven and available
An important issue is that there is an increasing understanding about the
need to intensify high level policy dialogue among government of
Northeast Asian countries on energy connectivity and it’s economic and
financial benefits
To move forward
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Thank you for your attention
Main Information Sources:
• Gobitec and Asian Super Grid for
Renewable Energies in Northeast Asia,
2014
• www.gobitec.org