Post on 15-Jan-2016
transcript
PowerPoint Presentation
Respiratory SystemChapter 16ComponentsTubes that filter incoming airAir transported to alveoli (gas exchange)respirationRespiration: process of gas exchange between atmosphere and body cellsConsists ofVentilationGas exchange between blood and lungsGas transport in the bloodstreamGas exchange between the blood and body cellsCellular respirationorgansUpper Respiratory Tract (nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx)
Lower Respiratory Tract (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs)
FrontalsinusNasalcavityOralcavityLarynxBronchusHardpalateNostrilRight lungLeft lungTracheaSoft palatePharynxEpiglottisEsophagusnoseSupported by bone and cartilageProvides an entrance for air Nostril hair filters air
Nasal cavityPosterior to noseCavity has passagewaysLined with mucous membranes and help increase the surface area available to warm and filter incoming air
Particles in air can get trapped in mucus.
What will flush the mucus out?Where will mucus go?Cilia; pharynx; swallow; gastric juice7SinusesAir filled spaces in skullOpen to nasal cavityLined with mucus
Function: lighten skull; resonates voicepharynxFood and air pass through
Helps produce speech sounds
Frontal sinusNostrilHard palateUvulaTongueEpiglottisHyoid boneLarynxTracheaSuperiorMiddleInferiorSphenoidal sinusPharyngeal tonsilNasopharynxOpening ofauditory tubePalatine tonsilOropharynxLingual tonsilLaryngopharynxEsophagusNasalconchaelarynxBetween pharynx and trachea
Functions: Prevents particles from entering tracheaHolds vocal cords
TracheaEpiglottic cartilageHyoid boneThyroid cartilageCricoid cartilageHyoid boneEpiglottic cartilageThyroid cartilageCricoid cartilageTracheaVocal cordsTwo pairsChanging tension controls pitchChanging force of air controls loudnessEpiglottisFlap that covers trachea during swallowing
tracheaAnterior to esophagus..why?Extends into thoracic cavity
Separates into right and left bronchi
Inner wall lined with cilia and mucuswhy?
20 cartilaginous ringsBronchial treeBranched tubes leading from trachea to alveoli
Starts with two main bronchi (right and left.each leads to a lung)
Bronchi lead to bronchiolesalveoliBronchioles lead to alveolar ducts, which lead to alveolar sacs, then end in alveoli
Gas exchange between blood and air
LarynxTracheaLeft superior(upper) lobeLeft inferior(lower) lobeRight middle lobeRight superior (upper) lobeRight main (primary)bronchusLobar (secondary)bronchusSegmental (tertiary)bronchusRight inferior (lower) lobeAlveolar ductAlveolusTerminal bronchioleRespiratory bronchiole
PulmonaryveinPulmonaryarteryPulmonaryarteriolePulmonaryvenuleIntralobular bronchioleAlveolusTerminalbronchioleSmooth muscleAlveolarductAlveolarsacAlveoliCapillary network onsurface of alveolusBlood flowBlood flowRespiratorybronchiole
lungsRight and leftRight has 3 lobes, left has 2 lobes Separated by mediastinumEnclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cage (ribs)
Bronchus and blood vessels enter each lung
PericardialcavityHeartLeft pleuralcavityParietalpleuraVisceralpleuraPlane ofsectionRight pleuralcavityPericardiumPleuraBreathing mechanismVentilation
Composed of two parts: inspiration and exhalationInspirationFlow of air into lungs
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contractThe size of the thoracic cavity increasesIncrease in volume of cavity = decrease in pressure so air flows from high to low pressure
exhalationAir leaving lungs
Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticityAs muscles relax, air is pushed out of lungs
DiaphragmIntra-alveolarpressure(758 mm Hg)Intra-alveolarpressure(760 mm Hg)