Post on 25-Mar-2020
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RESTORATION MEASURES THAT SAVE ENERGYInsulating Without Losing Face
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DOING SOMETHING TO PROTECT THE CLIMATE There’s a lot to be done yet
Our climate concerns us all!The subjects of energy and climateprotection are presently at the centerof public awareness like almost noother. The rising cost of raw materialsand global warming force us to dealwith the subject every day. Manycountries have set ambitious goals tostrongly reduce CO2 emissions by theyear 2010 and there is an enormoussaving potential in the home andresidential area. Restoration measures which saveenergy can significantly reduceheating costs. An effort is being madeto enact preventive and sustainableenergy policies in the different states,particularly by involving associationsand the population, some of whichhave already been realised. In someareas they are even thinking aboutadjusting rent levels in relation to theenergy efficiency of the living space.
Ways to saveAlong with the multitude of possibleways to save energy by changing ourhabits, there is considerableeconomic potential for saving energyin our buildings with as yet unusedmethods. Restoring buildings usingmeasures that also save energy notonly reduce individual energyconsumption and therefore energycosts but also considerably increaseliving quality. These measures alsoreduce the emission of CO2 whichhelps to protect our climate.
Overview of the percentages of total energyconsumption
Energy consumptionA good part of the total energyconsumption in many countries ispresently used for heating livingspace and generating warm water. Byheating and by consuming electricity,the many million households in thesecountries are responsible for theemission of every seventh ton ofcarbon dioxide that reaches theatmosphere. The goal of becomingmore independent of fossil sources ofenergy such as gas and oil to protectthe climate makes sense from aneconomic point of view but can onlybe achieved by a considerablereduction in energy consumption.
light, communication... 3%heating of buildings… 33%
industrial processes… 26%
traffic… 38%
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REDUCING CO2 EMISSION Everyone can contribute
Protecting the climate is also a taskfor everyone who builds a house orowns a home. Optimal insulation ofbuildings increases the efficiency ofheating and warm water systems.This makes a large contribution toprotecting the climate and at thesame time reduces operating costsand clearly increases the comfort ofyour own four walls.
The present development in thebuilding sector is characterised bytwo essential trends. � Requirements on thermal
insulation and protection againstmoisture are continuouslyincreasing in an effort to protect theenvironment. Both of theseelements are directly interlinkedthrough thermal conductivity.
� Saving resources is promoted bygiving the restoration of old build-ings priority over new construc-tion.
With Remmers building protectionproducts which have provedthemselves in practice, buildings canbe made energy efficienteconomically and safely. No matterwhether new construction or oldbuildings, single family homes or amulti-storey residential building,industrial buildings or officecomplexes, something can be doneeverywhere.
CO2 emission per household each year
Russia: 4.34 tons/year
Germany: 13.27 tons/year
Japan: 7.9 tons/year
Great Britain: 9.85 tons/year
France: 8.9 tons/year
Italy: 8.33 tons/year
China: 2.41 tons/year
Australia: 14.34 tons/yearZimbabwe: 0.88 tons/year
USA: 18.58 tons/year
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A FITNESS PROGRAMMEHow old buildings learn how to save energy
When it comes to energy-savingrestoration measures on oldbuildings, there are various optionsfor building owners. Primarily,insulation from the inside has beenused. However, there are oftenprejudices against this because of thebad reputation of the systems thatwere used previously. Today,technically sophisticated systems areavailable. Another important aspect,the significance of which is oftenoverlooked, is the moisture content ofthe facade building material. Forrendered facades that have beencoated, this can easily be taken care
of with an adequate renovationcoating. On stone-faced facades,whether brick, natural stone and evenconcrete, treatment with ahydrophobizing agent canpermanently reduce moisture contentby up to 30%. Similar applies to areaswhere there is rising damp or laterallypenetrating moisture from the ground. From ground dampness to waterpressure, there are systems that arepermanent and save energy –whether as a precautionary orsubsequent measure, horizontally orvertically, for new and old buildings.
Restoration from the inside Remmers interior wall restorationsystems are an important module inthe package of measures that can beused for energy-saving restorationwhen facades must be preserved asthey are. Economic constraints andrestrictions to preserve historicalbuildings considerably limit what ispossible, so a reasonablecompromise between thermalinsulation and living comfort, theavailable means and possibly eventhe preservation of an historicalfacade must be found. Because of their special properties,Remmers restoration systemsprovide comprehensive,sophisticated solutions for restoringbuildings and saving energy at thesame time.
Advantages of interior wallrestoration:� Reduces heating costs� Increases living comfort � Improves room climate� Protects from mildew and mould � Increases the value of the building � Environment friendly (saves energy
and reduces pollution)
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ROOM CLIMATE AND WELL-BEING The quality of life starts at home
When planning the technical details ofenergy-saving restoration measuresfrom the room side, it helps to knowwhat comfort is. The goal should be toachieve a high wall surfacetemperature that is close to thetemperature of the air in the room. Theheight of the wall surface temperatureon the inside of a building has a stronginfluence on the comfort you feel. Thismay also be one of the reasons thatcondensation forms on the surface ofa building element and even over thecross-section of the building elementwhich can cause mould and mildew togrow. The perceived and the actualtemperature may be far apart,depending on whether the enclosingwall surfaces are warm or cold. Building materials that ensure highwall surface temperatures lead tolower heating requirements whileproviding a high degree of perceivedcomfort! You save heating costs andthus CO2 as well!
still comfortable
comfor-table
uncomfortablywarm
uncomfortablycold
Wal
l sur
face
tem
pera
ture
(in
tern
al)
ambient room air temperature
measured temperature: 22 °Cperceived temperature: 20 °C
measured temperature: 18 °Cperceived temperature: 20 °C
cold surfacewarm surface
ENERGY-SAVING RESTORATION OF ATTRACTIVEOLD BUILDINGS How it functions
Energy-saving restoration fromthe insideFor energy-saving restoration ofinterior wall surfaces, the means ofchoice today is the use ofcapillary-active interior insulation. Thecombination of fibre insulation sheetswith a vapour proof barrier usedearlier did not prove to be efficient inpractice. The main reason for this isbecause it is difficult to achieve “windtightness” in connecting areas, e.g. atwindows or in places where pipespass through walls. Even the smallesterrors have a strong negativeinfluence on functioning capacity andcan lead to severe damage. The new generation of interior wallrestoration systems arecapillary-active thermal insulationthrough the use of correspondingrenders or panels. These systemshave extremely favourable physicalproperties such as good thermalinsulation, low heat conductivity aswell as high capillarity which lets themreact favourably, even when watercondenses. Depending on thematerial selected, good moisturestoring properties are added and
furthermore, high alkalinity (pH 10 forthe panels and up to 12.5 for therender) provides additional resistanceto mould and mildew.
Action principle of capillary-activeinterior insulationIn the winter months, the temperatureand vapour pressure gradient causesheat or vapour to flow from the insidetowards the outside. If the watervapour pressure at a place inside thebuilding exceeds the saturatedvapour pressure (which is directlydependent on temperature)condensation forms. The actionprinciple of capillary-active interiorinsulation is based on the fact thatstrong capillary transport of liquid
Influence of capillary activity on the occurrence of condensation in calcium silicate insulation panels (simulation TUDresden)
Action principle of capillary interior insulation
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water takes place along with thenormal flow of vapour as soon ascondensation forms in theconstruction. This transport of liquid water quicklyleads to a spatial distribution ofmoisture in the system and finally to aclear reduction of local condensationloads. This permanently avoids damagecaused by moisture such as mould,corrosion or visible water spots.Examination and numerical simulationscarried out by the TU Dresden haveshown that the amount ofcondensation is considerably lowerwith capillary-active interior insulationsystems than with identical systemsthat are not capillary-active.
exterior interior
flow of vapour
fast redistribution throughcapillary forces
condensation level
diffusion-open, capillary-active interiorinsulation with cementing mortar
without capillarity
through hygroscopic moisture [kg/m2]
with capillarity
12. October time [d] 05. February
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Building materialold building brick
Building elementsfrom the exterior to the interior
Wallsurface
temp. [°C]
U-value
[W/(m3*K)]
Energyconsump.
[m3]
Energycosts
[€]
Energy savings
[€]
Energy savings
[%]
CO2
emission[kg]
CO2
reduction[kg]
CO2
reduction[%]
Lime cement render 2.0 cm
Old building brick 24.0 cm
Lime cement render 1.5 cm14.1 1.819 1133.38 835.87 – – 2266.75 – –
Lime cement render 2.0 cm
Old building brick 24.0 cm
Lime cement render 1.5 cm
Preparatory Mortar 0.5 cm
Remmers Mould Restoration Render 3.0 cm
15.4 1.43 891.00 657.11 178.75 21.39 1782.00 484.75 21.39
Lime cement render 2.0 cm
Old building brick 24.0 cm
Lime cement render 1.5 cm
Preparatory Mortar 0.5 cm
Remmers Mould Restoration Render 5.0 cm
16.1 1.206 751.43 554.18 281.69 33.70 1502.86 763.69 33.70
Lime cement render 2,0 cm
Old building brick 24,0 cm
Lime cement render 1,5 cm
Attachment Mortar SLP 0,5 cm
Remmers SLP 25 N 2,5 cm
16.3 1.147 714.67 527.07 308.80 36.94 1429.34 837.42 36.94
Lime cement render 2.0 cm
Old building brick 24.0 cm
Lime cement render 1.5 cm
Attachment Mortar SLP 0.5 cm
Remmers SLP 30 N 3.0 cm
16.6 1.059 659.84 486.63 349.23 41.78 1319.68 947.08 41.78
Lime cement render 2.0 cm
Old building brick 24.0 cm
Lime cement render 1.5 cm
Attachment Mortar SLP 0.5 cm
Remmers SLP 50 N 5.0 cm
17.4 0.812 505.94 373.13 462.74 55.36 1011.88 1254.88 55.36
U-value = Overall heat transfer coefficient
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Basis for calculation:u-value calculations for building elements with inhomogeneous layers calculated according to DIN 4108. Annual heating costs/energy costs calculated from the u-values in relation to 100 m² in a winter climate (-10 < T > + 20 °C) during a heating period of 90 days.
Thermal value-utilisation degree: 80% Energy price/natural gas: 0.59 €/m³ Energy costs per 100 m² [€]Possible energy savings per 100 m² in relation to a wall construction without interior wall restoration (old building element) [€] CO2 emission calculated according to m³ natural gas consumption [kg] Possible CO2 reduction in relation to a wall construction without interior wall restoration (old building element) [kg]
CO2 reduction with various internal finishes
SAVING ENERGY BY PROTECTING FROM MOISTUREIt’s worthwhile
The effects of moisture on thermal insulation capacity Water conducts heat much moreeffectively than air. That’s why thethermal conductivity of a buildingmaterial rises with increasingmoisture content. A decrease inthermal insulation capacity is mainlycaused by greater amounts of waterin damp pores which conducts muchmore heat than would be possible ifthe pores were filled with air. The results of examinations haveshown the nearly linear dependencethat exists between moisture contentof different building materials inrelation to volume and their thermalconductivity.
Waterproofing the facade To effectively protect stone-facedfacades from driving rain, the only realalternative is an “invisible”impregnation with a hydrophobizingagent. Investigations at the GermanFraunhofer Institute for ConstructionPhysics have shown that a brick wallwith a heavy moisture load slowlydries out over the years after it hasbeen hydrophobized. Moisture content determined onsample walls before and afterhydrophobizing treatment allow anestimation of the potential energysavings that can be achieved bythese measures. A value of 160 kg/m3 was taken as themean moisture content over the entirecross-section of the wall. Thiscorresponds to a volume relatedmoisture content of 16% when wet,drying to approximately 2% once dry.Based on these values, anapproximation of the thermalconduction capacity of the brick wasdetermined.
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Ill. 1 – Water content distribution in a brick wall(30 cm) at various periods after hydrophobiz-ing measures according to W. F. Cammerer
Moisture load caused by driving rain accordingto the German Fraunhofer Institute
Time of hydrophobization
after 6 months
after 1 year
after 1.5 years
after 2 years
after 5 years
wat
er c
onte
nt [
kg/m
3 ]
Wall cross-section [cm]
ther
mal
con
duct
ivity
volume related moisture content
expanded cinder blocks
brick 1556 kg/m3
perlite concrete 303 kg/m3
aerated concrete540 kg/m3
Moisture load caused by rain: 160 kg/m3-160 m3/m3
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Building materialred brick
Building elementsfrom the exterior to the interior
Wallsurface
temp. [°C]
U-value
[W/(m3*K)]
Energyconsump.
[m3]
Energycosts
[€]
Energy savings
[€]
Energy savings
[%]
CO2
emission[kg]
CO2
reduction[kg]
CO2
reduction [%]
Red brick, damp 30.0 cm(Lambda = 0.77; moisture content approx. 16 % byvolume)
14.2 1.787 1113.44 821.16 – – 2226.88 – –
Red brick, hydrophobized 30.0 cm(Lambda = 0.46; moisture content approx. 2 % byvolume)
16 1.216 757.66 558.78 262.39 31.95 1515.32 711.55 31.95
Red brick, hydrophobized 30.0 cm(Lambda = 0.46; misture content approx. 2 % byvolume)
Attachment Mortar SLP 0.5 cm
Remmers SLP 30 N 3.0 cm17.5 0.776 483.51 356.59 464.57 56.58 967.02 1259.86 56.58
Red brick, hydrophobized 30.0 cm(Lambda = 0.46; moisture content approx. 2 % byvolume)
Attachment Mortar SLP 0.5 cm
Remmers SLP 50 N 5.0 cm17.9 0.632 393.78 290.42 530.74 64.63 787.57 1439.31 64.63
Red brick, hydrophobized 30.0 cm(Lambda = 0.46; moisture content approx. 2 % byvolume)
Preparatory Mortar 0.5 cm
Remmers Mould Restoration Render 5.0 cm
17.2 0.861 536.47 395.65 425.51 51.82 1072.94 1153.94 51.82
U-value = overall heat transmission coefficient
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Basis for calculation:u-value calculations for building elements with inhomogeneous layers calculated according to DIN 4108. Annual heating costs/energy costs calculated from the u-values in relation to 100 m² in a winter climate (-10 < T > + 20 °C) during a heating period of 90 days.
Thermal value-utilisation degree: 80% Energy price/natural gas: 0.59 €/m³ Energy costs per 100 m² [€]Possible energy savings per 100 m² in relation to a wall construction without interior wall restoration (old building element) [€] CO2 emission calculated according to m³ natural gas consumption [kg] Possible CO2 reduction in relation to a wall construction without interior wall restoration (old building element) [kg]
CO2 reduction with facade waterproofing
YESTERDAY A CELLAR – TODAY LIVING SPACE That’s what Kiesol can do
Saving energy begins in the cellar!A lot of energy is lost if the building isnot waterproofed or thewaterproofing is defective. Theinteraction between the penetrationof moisture and drying of the buildingsubstance not only reduces theservice life of the building but also thequality of life inside the building. The basic prerequisite for savingenergy when restoring buildings is toprevent the penetration of moistureinto the building material.
The Kiesol SystemRemmers developed the KiesolMasonry Work System to ensure thatwaterproofing measures arepermanent and reliable. The systemconsists of the following operations: � Waterproofing of building
elements with ground contactfrom the exterior
� Subsequent waterproofing fromthe interior
� Strengthening of the building materials
� Injection against moisture thatrises through capillaries
Waterproofing of building elementswith ground contact from the exteriorusing the plastic-modified bitumenwaterproofing product Profi Tight,with its rubber granulate fillertechnology, produces an extremelystrong waterproofing matrix with highflexibility. The Kiesol Interior WaterproofingSystems were designed to allow highquality use of cellar rooms. Theindividual system componentsinterconnect with each other so thatthe greatest reliability is achieved.When Kiesol is used for interiorwaterproofing, moisture and salts are“locked” into the wall which allowsthe option of also usingcapillary-active interior insulation onwall surfaces. Cellar rooms that used to play just asubordinate role or were not used atall can now become high quality livingspace with high value.
Kiesol is water repelling andpore-narrowing which preventsmoisture from rising throughcapillaries. More than five decades ofexperience in practice on prestigiousprojects - often historically protected- prove its permanent effectiveness. � The transport of moisture is
reduced by more than 90 % � The transport of salt is reduced � Masonry work is strengthened � Application is reliable even if there
is a high degree of moisturepenetration
New developmentsNormally, Remmers RestorationRender is applied to waterproofing onthe interior. It mainly functions as abuffer in case condensation formsand as thermal insulation. Over the past years, “mouldrestoration systems” have beendeveloped and optimised that canalso be used here. These achieveeven greater energy efficiency.
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Building materialold building brick /cellar
Building elementsfrom the exterior to the interior
Wallsurface
temp. [°C]
U-value[W/(m3*K)]
Energyquantity
[m3]
Energycosts
[€]
Energy savings
[€]
Energy savings
[%]
CO2
emission[kg]
CO2
reduction[kg]
CO2
reduction[%]
Cement render 1.0 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Lime cement render 2.0 cm17.4 1.63 507.81 374.51 – – 1015.62 – –
Cement render 1.0 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Waterproofing Filler 0.5 cm
Sulfatex Grout 0.3 cm
Remmers Restoration Render 2.0 cm
17.7 1.43 445.50 328.56 45.95 12.27 891.00 124.62 12.27
Cement render 1.0 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Waterproofing Filler 0.5 cm
Sulfatex Grout 0.3 cm
Remmers MouldRestoration Render 3.0 cm
18 1.23 383.19 282.60 91.90 24.54 766.38 249.23 24.54
Cement render 1.0 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Waterproofing Filler 0.5 cm
Sulfatex Grout 0.3 cm
Remmers MouldRestoration Render 5.0 cm
18.7 1.07 333.35 245.84 128.67 34.36 666.69 348.92 34.36
Cement render 1.0 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Waterproofing Filler 0.5 cm
Sulfatex Grout 0.3 cm
Attachment Mortar SLP 0.5 cm
Remmers SLP 30 N 3.0 cm
18.4 0.97 302.19 222.87 151.64 40.49 604.38 411.23 40.49
Cement render 1.0 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Waterproofing Filler 0.5 cm
Sulfatex Grout 0.3 cm
Attachment Mortar SLP 0.5 cm
Remmers SLP 50 N 5.0 cm
18.7 0.75 233.65 172.32 202.19 53.99 467.31 548.31 53.99
DS-Protection Sheet 0.1 cm
Styrodur W 35 8.0 cm
Profi Tight 0.5 cm
Waterproofing Filler 0.5 cm
Old building brick 36.5 cm
Remmers Restor. Render 2.0 cm
19.3 0.34 105.92 78.12 296.39 79.14 211.85 803.77 79.14
11U-value = Overall heat transfer coefficient
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Basis for calculation:u-value calculations for building elements with inhomogeneous layers calculated according to DIN 4108. Annual heating costs/energy costs calculated from the u-values in relation to 100 m² in a winter climate (+ 5 < T > + 20 °C) during a heating period of 180 days.Thermal value-utilisation degree: 80%. Energy price/natural gas: 0.59 €/m³. Energy costs per 100 m² [€].Possible energy savings per 100 m² in relation to a wall construction without interior wall restoration (old building element) [€]CO2 emission calculated according to m³ natural gas consumption [kg] Possible CO2 reduction in relation to a wall construction without interior wall restoration (old building element) [kg]
CO2 reduction with waterproofing tanking systems
Remmers Baustofftechnik · 49624 Löningen · Tel.: +49 (0 )54 32 / 83-0 · Fax: +49 (0 )54 32 / 39 85 www.remmers.de
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Remmers (UK) Limited Crawley United KingdomTel.: +44(0) 845 373 0103Fax: +44(0) 845 373 0104 www.remmers.co.uk
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