REVIEW IN VISUAL AND

AUDITORY PROBLEMS

EYES

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY• External fibrous tissue• Cornea• Sclera

• Middle vascular tissue/ visual tract• Choroid• Ciliary body• Iris

• Innermost nervous tissue• Retina

REFRACTIVE MEDIA OF THE EYES• Cornea• Aqueous humor• Lens• Vitreous humor• Optic nerve• Retina• Optic nerve

CATARACT• C: aging•Opthalmoscopy• Sx: gradual, painless, central blurring of

vision; decreased color perception•Mgt: cataract extraction

CATARACT EXTRACTION• Ambulatory• ECCE• ICCE• Supine/semi-Fowler’s • Monitor for cx

• X inc. IOP activity• X special diet• Assist in ambulation

GLAUCOMA

• IOP = 8-21 mmHg• Closed-angle• Open-angle

•Warning signals• Frequent changing of glasses • Foggy vision• Decreasing peripheral vision• Halos• Difficulty adjusting in darkness• Difficulty doing close work

MANAGEMENT• Absolute

blindness preventable with early dx and tx• Prevent further

loss of vision

• Drug therapy• Miotic• Beta-blockers

• Filtering procedure• Iridectomy• Trabeculotomy, -ectomy, -plasty

• Laser

RETINAL DETACHMENT• Sensory portion separated

from epithelial layer• Aging, cx from cataract

extraction, eye injury• Sx: • Floating black spots• Flashes of light• Presence of curtain covering

eyes

•Mgt• Bilateral eye patching• BR on dependent

position• Scleral buckling

EARS

HEARING LOSS• Conductive• Problems with

external/middle ear• Faint sound• Know, remove, treat

cause

• Receptive• Loud• Inner ear• Presbycusis

MENIERE’S DSS• Inner ear; overproduction of endolymph• Endolymphatic hydrops• Triad of sx• Vertigo, tinnitus, unilateral sensorineural HL

• Preceding sx• Feeling of fullness in the ear

GOAL OF CARE• Position flat/reclined• Kidney basin with wipes• Avoid jarring mov’t. Close eyes.• Low Na•Motion sickness drugs•Mellow music

RECURRENCE

•Endolymphatic shunt•Labyrinthectomy