ReviewWhat trade route was “powered” by

seasonal winds?

How did losing the Opium War affect China?

What nation was often referred to the “brightest Jewel” of the British Empire?

Nationalism Review

Nationalism- Pride and devotion to one’s nation or ethnic group

Development and EffectLarge groups of people who share a cultural identity (language, customs, history) have felt the pulling power of nationalistic feeling.

Cultural groups often desire autonomy, or self government.

Two effects:-Unite people into stable nations-Tear nations apart

Napoleon- created Nationalism among French armies leading them to conquer Europe-Also created Nationalism in conquered nations leading to revolts

National Unity

Nationalism has cause some areas to unite:

-Germany-India-Zionism

Germany and BismarckIn the early 1800s Germany was many small states

1862 Otto Von Bismarck was made Chancellor of Prussia and used “Blood and Iron” to unity Germany. Resulted in three wars:-Danish War-Austro-Prussian War-Franco-Prussian War

1871 German united under Prussian Kaiser William I

IndiaUnder British control since 1700s.

Indian National Congress (INC)- political group worked to gain Indian independence

Gandhi led through passive resistance and Civil Disobedience (soul force- Satyagraha)

In 1947 India was partitioned into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India and set free

ZionismAs nationalism increased throughout Europe, anti-Semitism grew

Theodore Herzl led a movement to build a Jewish state in Palestine.

Israel was founded in 1948 in Palestine

Arabs displaced by Israel believe Israel should be dissolved and land returned to Arabs. Leads to political conflict today

Nationalism Conflict

Some nationalist movements have torn nations and empires apart-Ottoman Empire

Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire was home to many groups including Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians and Turks

Young Turks- wanted to increase Ottoman power by cleansing religious groups. Attacked Christian Armenians killing over a million in 25 years

Nationalist groups rebelled: Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria all gained independence.

The Balkans

The Balkans were constantly under attack by foreign powers trying to gain control

By 1914 the Balkans were the “Powder Keg of Europe”

In 1914 a Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to Austria’s throne- Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Decolonization

Nationalism has helped decolonization after World War II, leading to over 100 new nations.

National groups have broken free from Empires, especially in Africa where 64 nations have been created.

Pan-African Nationalism

Leaders of African independence include:

Kwame Nkurmah- Ghana

Jomo Kenyatta- Kenya

Kenneth Kaunda- Zambia

Write two examples of Nationalism; one example for National unity and

one for conflict caused by Nationalism

Use any examples you know from Global History