(Rinnan, in prep.). (Schneider 2001) (Schneider 2009)

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(Rinnan, in prep.)

(Rinnan, in prep.)

(Schneider 2001)

(Schneider 2009)

(Schneider 2009, p. 242)

(Schneider 2009, p. 241)

(Urmy 2012).

http://rs.resalliance.org/2010/02/24/a-history-of-stommel-diagrams/

(Torgersen et al. 2012; adapted from Frissell and others, 1986, Currens 1997, and Gresswell 1999).

(Frissell et al. 1986)

FIRE

Time

BWA

WIND

Endemic I & D

?

Outbreak

?

?

Arrows indicate possible future

Hutten et al. in prep.

(Randerson et al. 2002)

Eddy Covariance

Aircraft Sampling

Remote Atmosphere Sampling/Inversion

River Sampling

Vegetation and soil C sampling

Techniques to Measure Net Ecosystem Productivity

(Doctor 2008)

(Stavros et al., in prep.)

(Law et al. 2006)

Temporal and spatial scales of major processes affecting forest ecosystems

Globe 107

Continent 106

Region 105

Stand 103

Plot 102

Watershed 104

Microsite 101

Diu

rna

l Mon

thly

Die

al

Cen

turia

l

Dec

adal

Annua

l

Mille

nnia

l

Epoch

al

10-4 10-110-3 10-2 101 102 104103

Are

a (m

2)

Physiology

C-allocation patterns

Weather patterns

Recruitment & mortality

Replacement Disturbance

Edaphic development

Species emigration

Geology & evolution

Seasonal phenology

Climate change

Time (years)

Beechie, T. J., and coauthors. 2010. Process-based Principles for Restoring River Ecosystems. Bioscience 60:209-222.

Beechie, T. J., and coauthors. 2010. Process-based Principles for Restoring River Ecosystems. Bioscience 60:209-222.

Doctor, K. K. 2008. Spatial and temporal patterns of homeward migration and population structure in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Wood River system, Bristol Bay, Alaska. M.S. thesis. University of Washington.

Gresswell, R. E. 1999. Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of North America. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:193-221.

Law, B.E., D. Turner, M. Lefsky, J. Campbell, M. Guzy, O. Sun, S. Van Tuyl, W. Cohen. 2006. Carbon fluxes across regions: Observational constraints at multiple scales. In Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology: Methods and Applications (J. Wu, B. Jones, H. Li, O. Loucks, eds.). Columbia University Press, New York, USA.

Randerson, J.T., F.S. Chapin, J. Harden, J.C. Neff, and M. Harmon. 2002. Net ecosystem production: a comprehensive measure of net carbon accumulation by ecosystems. Ecological Applications. 12(4): 937-947.

Rinnan, in prep. Talk to Scott Rinnan in our class.Schneider, D. C. 2001. The rise of the concept of scale in ecology. Bioscience

51:545-553.Schneider, D. C. 2009. Quantitative ecology: Measurement, models, and scaling.

Academic Press, London.Stavros, Natasha, and coauthors. In prep. Understanding climate, wildfire, and air

quality feedbacks across spatial and temporal scales. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment.

Torgersen, C.E., Ebersole, J.L., Keenan, D.M., 2012, Primer for Identifying Cold-Water Refuges to Protect and Restore Thermal Diversity in Riverine Landscapes: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA 910-C-12-001, p. 91.

Urmy, S. 2012. Temporal variability and bio-physical coupling in the pelagic fauna of Monterey Bay. M.S. thesis. University of Washington, Seattle.

Vance, T., and R. Doel. 2010. Graphical methods and Cold War scientific practice: The Stommel diagram's intriguing journey from the physical to the biological environmental sciences. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 40:1-47.