Post on 03-Mar-2020
transcript
RISK & RESILIENCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
for PHILIPPINE HERITAGE SITES & STRUCTURES
Grace C. Ramos
EnP 328
Carmen Bettina S. Bulaong, co-author
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/typhoon-yolanda/44932-yolanda-haiyan-tagle-palo-leyte
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/27/19/look-quake-damage-in-batanes
http://www.juliabroad.com/2013-2015/2014/2/27/pampanga-december-2013-1
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-24530042
Title
• Body
https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/5-historical-buildings-you-need-to-see-in-escolta/
GCRamos 2017
https://philnews.ph/2018/05/10/philippine-historical-landmarks-vandalized-rotten-forgotten/
How can risk and resilience management principles
be organized into a design and management
framework for the protection and sustained viability
of Philippine heritage sites and structures?
CHALLENGE AT HAND
1. What design and management issues beset different categories of Philippine heritage sites and structures?
2. What types of risks that pose threats to Philippine heritage sites and structures?
3. What are the general features of Philippine heritage sites and structures that make them pre-disposed to risks?
4. What are the key risk management principles that underlie the long-term survival of sites and structures?
5. What are the factors that account for resilience of sites and structures?
6. What are the relationships between and among the risk and resilience variables and the features of Philippine heritage sites and structures?
In search
of a
framework
Risk
Management
Principles
Heritage
Profile
Risks to
Philippine
Heritage
Risk
Resilience
and
Philippine
Heritage
CASES
EXISTING FRAMEWORKS
RESILIENCE THEORIES
• Hyogo• Sendai• Climate
Change Act• 100 Resilient
Cities
Manila, Angono, Iloilo, Zamboanga
H
E
V
6
•Systems Theory•Social construction
of Risk•People-space dialectics•R= HEV
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN &
MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES
CASE SITES
City of Manila
Municipality of Angono
City of Iloilo
City of Zamboanga
http://wikimapia.org/6219916/University-of-
Santo-Tomas#/photo/3419166
https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/01/19/feast-of-san-sebastian-to-
be-celebrated-in-high-mass-today/
8
CITY OF MANILAClassification First Class City
Land Area 4,045.80 has.
Population 1,581,082 persons
Population Density 41,282/ sq.km.
Barangays 897
Registered Heritage
Structures/Sites
482
Risks Flooding, liquefaction, ground shaking
Fire due to old structures and
informal settlements ; Urbanization
effects
Average Income 374,313https://www.payscale.com/research/PH/Location=Iloilo-City/Salary
194,455CLUP
MANILA
HERITAGE MAP
MANILA HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS
MANILA HERITAGE SITES
MANILA CATHEDRAL SAN AGUSTIN CHURCHMANILA CITY HALL
UST MAIN BLDG.SAN SEBASTIAN
http://www.baldtrekker.com/2017/03/10/the-angono-binangonan-petroglyphs/
http://angono.gov.ph
http://whatsup.ph/rizal-travel-guide-art-
capital-philippines-and-other-parts-of-rizal/
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-23wOGqBLUEw/WV46-
bfIQQI/AAAAAAAACnI/FSPSzZrDYKcaHolc7nD7iJ_QxmcWd-
HbwCLcBGAs/s1600/Francisco%2B0%2Blead.jp
MUNICIPALITY OF ANGONOClassification First Class Municipality
Land Area 2,300 has.
Population 102,407
Population Growth Rate 1.78%
Population Density 60/ ha.
Barangays 10
Registered Heritage
Structures/Sites
9
Risks Flooding, Landslides,
Drought; Urbanization
Spillover effects
Average Income (Rizal) 246,286 NSO
ANGONO
HERITAGE MAP
ANGONO HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS
ANGONO HERITAGE SITES
PETROGLYPHS ST. CLEMENT CHURCCARLOS FRANCISCO HOUSE
https://www.scoopnest.com/user/inqui
rerdotnet/608285218089279488-flags-
adorn-the-restored-old-iloilo-
provincial-capitol-where-the-june-12-
vin-d39honneur-will-be-held
https://www.panaynews.net/isis-to-disrupt-
jaro-fiesta-fake-news-pro-6/
https://iloilo-travel-
guide.blogspot.com/2012/01/st-annes-
church-in-molo.html
https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/histor
y-and-culture/3951/historical-sites-iloilo/
www.hiveminer.com
16
CITY OF ILOILOClassification First Class City
Land Area 73.34 sq.km
Population 461,841
Population Growth Rate 1.02%
Population Density 5,836/sq.km
Barangays 180
Registered Heritage
Structures/Sites
228
Risks Flooding, liquefaction,
ground shaking
Urbanization effects
Average Income 202,324 https://www.payscale.com/research/PH/Location=Iloilo-
City/Salary
ILOILO
HERITAGE
MAP
ILOILO HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS
CASA REAL
ILOILO HERITAGE SITES
OLD JARO MUN. HALLOLD CITY HALL
MOLO CHURCHJARO CATHEDRAL
https://zamboanga.com/z/index.p
hp?title=File:Fort_pilar_2012.jpg
http://www.bucor.gov.ph/facilities/srppf.html
https://www.beautifulmosque.com/Taluks
angay-Mosque-in-Barangay-Philippines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_City#/m
edia/File:ZAMBOANGA_CITY_Asia's_Latin_City
_City_Hall_and_Plaza_Rizal_(Ayunamiento_y_Pl
aza_Rizal).jpg
https://blog.edukasyon.ph/college-life/the-
students-guide-to-the-western-mindanao-
state-university-college-entrance-test-
wmsucet/
http://www.bucor.gov.ph/facilities/srppf.html
CITY OF ZAMBOANGAClassification First Class City
Land Area 1,453.27 sq.km
Population 861,799
Population Growth
Rate
2.38%
Population Density 593/ sq.km
Barangays 98
Registered Heritage
Structures/Sites
18
Risks Armed Conflicts
Flooding, Storm Surge
Urbanization effects
Average Income 186,212https://www.payscale.com/research/PH/Location=Iloilo-
City/Salary
ZAMBOANGA
HERITAGE
MAP
ZAMBOANGA HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS
ZAMBOANGA HERITAGE SITES
FORT PILAR
CITY HALLWMSU NORMAL SCHOOL
TALUKSANGKAY MOSQUESAN RAMON PRISON
DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED
2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities
Drowning
Blue Alert due to Semana Santa
Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire
Earthquake Intensity V earthquake
Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”
Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building
Encroachment on Manila Bay
Dead fish from low level of
dissolved oxygen
2018 Flooding
Landslides
Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm
“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.
Detection of Flood Risk Areas.
Evacuation, and damage to private
property.
Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy
Rains
Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves
garbage.
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer
earthquakes
Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties
2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.
Landslide Evacuation in caution from
landlslides
2016 Fire,
Health and Life Safety due to
crowding, Children getting lost
Feast of the Black Nazarene
Processional Walk
Vehicular accidents, Drowning
Fire
Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship
Trips to beaches/resorts
Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies
Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence
Incident/Harassment/Threat incident
Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages
2015 Landslides, Typhoon
Flooding
Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna
2014 Landslides
Typhoon
Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”
Flooding Typhoon Luis
2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,
and strong winds
Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda
Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires
Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak
2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow
Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause
landslides
2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”
MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA
DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED
2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities
Drowning
Blue Alert due to Semana Santa
Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire
Earthquake Intensity V earthquake
Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”
Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building
Encroachment on Manila Bay
Dead fish from low level of
dissolved oxygen
2018 Flooding
Landslides
Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm
“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.
Detection of Flood Risk Areas.
Evacuation, and damage to private
property.
Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy
Rains
Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves
garbage.
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer
earthquakes
Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties
2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.
Landslide Evacuation in caution from
landlslides
2016 Fire,
Health and Life Safety due to
crowding, Children getting lost
Feast of the Black Nazarene
Processional Walk
Vehicular accidents, Drowning
Fire
Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship
Trips to beaches/resorts
Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies
Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence
Incident/Harassment/Threat incident
Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages
2015 Landslides, Typhoon
Flooding
Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna
2014 Landslides
Typhoon
Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”
Flooding Typhoon Luis
2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,
and strong winds
Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda
Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires
Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak
2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow
Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause
landslides
2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”
MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA
DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED
2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities
Drowning
Blue Alert due to Semana Santa
Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire
Earthquake Intensity V earthquake
Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”
Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building
Encroachment on Manila Bay
Dead fish from low level of
dissolved oxygen
2018 Flooding
Landslides
Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm
“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.
Detection of Flood Risk Areas.
Evacuation, and damage to private
property.
Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy
Rains
Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves
garbage.
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer
earthquakes
Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties
2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.
Landslide Evacuation in caution from
landlslides
2016 Fire,
Health and Life Safety due to
crowding, Children getting lost
Feast of the Black Nazarene
Processional Walk
Vehicular accidents, Drowning
Fire
Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship
Trips to beaches/resorts
Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies
Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence
Incident/Harassment/Threat incident
Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages
2015 Landslides, Typhoon
Flooding
Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna
2014 Landslides
Typhoon
Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”
Flooding Typhoon Luis
2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,
and strong winds
Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda
Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires
Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak
2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow
Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause
landslides
2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”
MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA
DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED
2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities
Drowning
Blue Alert due to Semana Santa
Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire
Earthquake Intensity V earthquake
Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”
Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building
Encroachment on Manila Bay
Dead fish from low level of
dissolved oxygen
2018 Flooding
Landslides
Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm
“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.
Detection of Flood Risk Areas.
Evacuation, and damage to private
property.
Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy
Rains
Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves
garbage.
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer
earthquakes
Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties
2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.
Landslide Evacuation in caution from
landlslides
2016 Fire,
Health and Life Safety due to
crowding, Children getting lost
Feast of the Black Nazarene
Processional Walk
Vehicular accidents, Drowning
Fire
Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship
Trips to beaches/resorts
Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies
Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence
Incident/Harassment/Threat incident
Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages
2015 Landslides, Typhoon
Flooding
Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna
2014 Landslides
Typhoon
Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”
Flooding Typhoon Luis
2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,
and strong winds
Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda
Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires
Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak
2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow
Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause
landslides
2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”
MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA
DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED
2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities
Drowning
Blue Alert due to Semana Santa
Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire
Earthquake Intensity V earthquake
Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”
Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building
Encroachment on Manila Bay
Dead fish from low level of
dissolved oxygen
2018 Flooding
Landslides
Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm
“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.
Detection of Flood Risk Areas.
Evacuation, and damage to private
property.
Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy
Rains
Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves
garbage.
Earthquake
Tsunami
“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer
earthquakes
Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties
2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.
Landslide Evacuation in caution from
landlslides
2016 Fire,
Health and Life Safety due to
crowding, Children getting lost
Feast of the Black Nazarene
Processional Walk
Vehicular accidents, Drowning
Fire
Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship
Trips to beaches/resorts
Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies
Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence
Incident/Harassment/Threat incident
Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages
2015 Landslides, Typhoon
Flooding
Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna
2014 Landslides
Typhoon
Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”
Flooding Typhoon Luis
2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,
and strong winds
Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda
Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires
Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak
2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow
Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause
landslides
2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”
MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA
https://ph.news.yahoo.com/violent-incidents-marred-philippines-2019-064429946.html
https://sonshineradio.com/manila/tag/philippine-coast-guard-pcg/
R-H RELATIONSHIP TYPOLOGIESRISK AND RESILIENCE
FACTORS
CHARACTERISTICS OF HERITAGE SITES
& STRUCTURES IN CASE STUDIES
RELATIONSHIP
TYPOLOGY
Structure: Features inherent
to the material dimension of the
heritage subject
Location: Physical site context
defined by both natural and man-
made elements
People: Attributes of users,
communities, organizations that
bear on resilience
Processes: People and space
dynamics that continuously redefine
heritage subjects
A
B
C
D
RISK & HERITAGE CONSERVATION VARIABLES
Inherent Features
& ContextInterventions that Negatively Impact
T
I
M
E
Age and
Design
Location Maintenance Reconfiguration Patronage/
Use
Relocation Ecosystem
Change
Natural Hazards
Physical
VulnerabilitiesExposure
Vulnerability/
Sensitivity
Social and Economic
Vulnerabilities
Governance
Institutions and Legal
Mechanisms
Changing Lifestyles
Diminished Specialized Role
Gentrification
Erosion of Cultural Diversity
Conflicts
Adaptive
Capacity
Time
Production &
Value Chains
Information
&Technology
Flows
Power
Structures
A & B C & D
PHYSICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONAL MULTI-LEVEL NETWORKS
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS & PROCESSES
IMPACT LEVELS
o Structures and Sites
o Individual/ Household/
Community
o City/ Municipality/ Region
o National
o International
Physical Vulnerabilities : design and physical site context
Social and Economic Vulnerabilities : demographics, abilities, disabilities, social class
Diminished Specialized Role : weakening of the distinct image, products, services
Gentrification : change in composition of neighborhoods
Weak Governance : administrative systems
Erosion of Cultural Diversity : narrowing array of customs, traditions, social practices,
livelihood, values, beliefs
Changing Lifestyles : alterations in behavior systems
IMPACT FACTORS
Conflicts : short or long-term disruptions in the social processes
Weak Institutional and Legal
Mechanisms : Inefficacies and inefficiencies of governance systems
Complicated and Unsustainable
Production and Value Chains : Economic processes that involves indiscriminate extraction of
resources, long distribution lines, etc.
Non-calibration of Information
and Technology : knowledge and technology not adapted to the local context
Disproportionately Slanted
Power Structures : inequities in the disposition of power
IMPACT FACTORS
https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/townandcountry/images/gallery/8120/main-buildings-affected-by-the-earthquake-ph-2019.jpg
https://www.thenational.ae/image/policy:1.598553:1499986508/image/jpeg.jpg?f=16x9&w=1200&$p$f$w=dfa40e8
OUTCOMES
Physical strength and stability of structures
Social and economic enablement
Adaptable lifestyles
Enhanced specialized role of community and LGU
Community-based growth and development
Capacitated governance
Cultural diversity
Conflict resolution
Strong institutions and legal mechanisms
Sustainable production and value chains
Calibrated information and technology
Equity and balance in power structures
OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES
▪ Building
Mass or
Mutual
Crowding
▪ Ductility
and
Framing
Systems
▪ Flexibility
and Base
Isolation
INTERVENTIONS
▪ Extra
Components/
Reserve
Capacities
Sealing
Wind
resistance
and Roof
Forms
Physical strength & stability of structures
Physical strength and stability of structures
Social and economic enablement
Adaptable lifestyles
Enhanced specialized role of community and LGU
Community-based growth and Capacitated governance
Cultural diversity
Conflict resolution
Strong institutions and legal mechanisms
Sustainable production and value chains
Calibrated information and technology
Equity and balance in power structures
http://marinduquegov.blogspot.com/2011/02/cong-velascos-livelihood-program.html
https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1015885
Access to information
Better heritage
appreciation
Balanced
development
Regional identity
Public realm
Grandt Planners, Inc.
40
INTERVENTIONS
Enhanced
specialized role of
community and
LGU
Community-based
growth and
development
Capacitated
governance
Cultural diversity
http://www.pinoyroadtrip.com/2019/01/rizal-itinerary-
angono-petroglyphs-pinto-museum.html
http://www.theguidon.com/1112/main/2011/12/untouched-magic-
art-and-life-in-angono/
https://journeyunderblueskies.wordpress.com/2015/08/08/taking-
pride-of-angonos-street-murals/
https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/festivals/4873/giants-
still-exist-arts-capital-philippines/
Local economy
Inclusive
Spatial Forms
Regulated
densification
Distinct
neighborhoods
INTERVENTIONS
Enforced
regulations
Delineated
Protected Areas
Culturally-
sensitive Spaces
Collaborative
Innovation
Grandt Planners, Inc.
Grandt Planners, Inc.
Grandt Planners, Inc.
INTERVENTIONS
INTERVENTIONS
Sustainable
production and
value chains
Calibrated
information and
technology
Equity and
balance in
power
structures
Directed
Urbanization
Parity in Resource
Allocation
Contextual Built
Form
Grandt Planners, Inc.
Grandt Planners, Inc.
National level impacts
greater variety of form
more and better maintained public places
improved socio-economic activities and
indicators
responsive building and development laws
greater global competitiveness.
OUTCOMES
International Level outcomes
country’s clarified and stronger role in the
global production network
imageable built forms
contextual application of new knowledge and
technology
competitive traded goods and services
better resource allocation
TIME
TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE
TIME
TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE
https://www.antiquemapsandprints.com https://www.ebay.co.uk
1920 Manilahttps://en.wikipedia.org
1918 Zamboanga1885 Iloilo 1950 Angonohttps://www.pinterest.ph
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
TIME
TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE
DEVELOPMENT STAGES
https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/ultimate-guides/quezon-city-travel-guide http://www.interaksyon.com/trends-spotlights/2019/
TIME
TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE
DYNAMIC NETWORKS
TIME
TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE
SEASONALITY
https://www.pinterest.ph https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/1https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/
TIME
TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE
RELATIVITY
https://www.forsspacglobal.comhttps://i.redd.it/p16d7mqxvy211.jpg
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End of Presentation
Research made possible through Escuella Taller de Filipinas Foundation Inc. and University of the Philippines College of Architecture