Ronald Nyagol Ibrahim Sadumah Sitnah Hamida Steve Kola...

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INTEGRATION OF HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT, STORAGE &

INDOOR AIR QUALITY•Ronald Nyagol

•Ibrahim Sadumah •Sitnah Hamida

•Steve Kola•Aloyce Rakinyo

Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAP

• Project context– Burden of disease– SWAP– NICHE

• Integrated water treatment/indoor air quality project– Background– Objectives– Methods – Results– Conclusions

• Current Status/Next steps

Outline

Burden of DiseaseChildren <5 yrs

Nyanza Province, Kenya

• High mortality rate: 257 per 1000 live births*• Diarrhea in preceding 2 weeks: 17%*• Acute respiratory illness (ARI) in last 2 weeks: 20%*• Endemic malaria• Anemia prevalence: 60-70%

* 2008-09 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)

Challenges

• Poverty• Limited transportation and communication infrastructure• Poor access to improved water supply and sanitation• Limited access to health facilities and services

• Registered NGO– Started in 2005– HQs in Kisumu, Kenya– 9 satellite offices & 1 provincial

office

• Organized network of women’s self-help groups– Social entrepreneurs for health – Trained in health and business

practices – Provided with access to microcredit

ABOUT SWAP

Nyando Integrated Child health & Education (NICHE) Project

• Research arm of SWAP• Goal: reduce burden of illness in children <5yrs

– Diarrhea– Acute respiratory infections– Malaria– Malnutrition

• Objectives– Distribute evidence-based health products in integrated fashion

• Social marketing• SWAP groups• Schools• Health facilities• Churches

– Evaluate impact of NICHE intervention on product use and health

Location of SWAP/NICHE

Lake Victoria

Nyanza Province

Nyando Division

HEALTH PRODUCTS

Bednets (ITN)

Handwashing with soap

WaterGuard

Integration of Household Water Treatment (HWTS) and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

• HWTS– Interventions used

• WaterGuard• PuR• Aquatabs• Improved storage containers

• IAQ– Purpose:

• Prevent pneumonia• Prevent burn injuries in children• Reduce fuel consumption

– Intervention used: Jiko kisasa

Background

Traditional fire pit

Soot Accumulatedin the Eaves of Kitchen Hut

Improved stove in use

Project Objectives

• IAQ– Build local capacity to produce, promote,

sell, and install Jiko Kisasa stoves– Evaluate program impact and use

• HWTS– Co-promote with IAQ program– Evaluate program impact and use

Methods• Project location: Nyando Division• Population:

– Ten villages randomly selected from 60 villages in NICHE Project

– Households with children <3yrs• Baseline survey• Training:

– SWAP group members• Stove promotion• Business practices/microfinance• Stove installation• Co-promotion of HWTS

• Capacity building: local pottery group– Jiko Kisasa production

• Program implementation– Provision of stove stock– Promotions and subsidies

• Monitoring: – Stove sales and installation– Particulate emissions

• Calibration: Standardized boiling and cooking tests• Follow-up evaluation

– Analysis of stove sales– Residual chlorine in stored drinking water– Focus group discussions

Methods Cont…

• Cookstoves:

– 3 stone firepit: 99%– Jiko kisasa: 0

• Fuel used

– Firewood: 95%– Crop waste: 42%– Charcoal: 32%

Results: Baseline

Implementation/Monitoring

• Stove cost: 150 KSh (USD 2)• July – October 2008: 193 stoves sold

– No incentive• July 2008 - Feb 2009: 267 stoves sold

– Price subsidy• Feb – Dec 2009: 764 stoves sold

– Promotional offer (WaterGuard, jiko t-shirt)– Price subsidy

Sales of HWTS & Clean-burning stoves, July – December, 2008, Nyanza Province, Kenya (n = 387 households)

Jiko Kisasa Use by HWT Use(n=293 households)

Variable % with Jiko P

Reported HWT previous 12h

22% 0.0003

Never used HWTS 4% ref

+ chlorine residual 27% 0.004

- chlorine residual 5% ref

Qualitative Research Results:

Advantages of Jiko Kisasa Stoves

• Eyes don’t burn• Nose doesn’t run• Don’t have to blow on fire• Less smoke• Don’t breathe in smoke• Less fuel• Cook relatively faster

Qualitative Research Results Cont….

• Small business opportunity for community members

• Kitchen stays “smart” and “tidy” because of the flat top to put cooked food

• Fewer stomach aches• Less diarrhea

Conclusion

• High demand for Cookstoves• Purchase stimulated through subsidies and

promotional items• Reduction of 2.5 micron particles modest• Co-promotion of IAQ and HWTS appeared to

be successful– Jiko Kisasa use and water treatment

correlated• Qualitative research revealed numerous

advantages to improved stoves

Current Project Status/Next Steps

• Jiko Kisasa uptake– Clean-burning stoves available in all 60 NICHE villages and

beyond– Current sales exceed 2500 stoves

• WaterGuard utilization– Ranges from 10 to 40% by village

• Next steps– Acceptability and performance evaluation of 3-6 additional

clean cookstove technologies– Evaluation of performance of thermoelectric fan to

increase Jiko efficiency– Health impact evaluation with most effective technology

Ronald Nyagol & Ibrahim Saduma, SWAPSAFER • HEALTHIER • PEOPLE

Ronald Nyagol Ibrahim Sadumah Sitnah Hamida Steve Kola...

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