Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
Roundworms
Phylum Nematoda1. Nematodes: roundworms2. Nemata- “ thread”3. Bilateral symmetry4. Tube within a tube
structure-mouth and anus
5. 3 germ layers w/ pseudocoelom
6. Smaller than flatworms, taper at both ends
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PseudocoelomatePseudocoelomate
EctodermMesodermEndodermFluid filled cavity between the endoderm and ectoderm- pseudocoelom
Differs from a true coelom because…. • It is not entirely lined with mesoderm tissue• Organs are not suspended or attached to membranes
(mesenteries)
Lifestyle
1. Thick outer covering (cuticle) to protect them from harsh environment ex. Stomach acid
2. Move bodies with thrashing motion3. Free living-Decomposers and predators
(tremendously abundant)4. Parasitic- ex. Ascaris, hookworm,
heartworm-host is dog5. Sexually reproduce:
• most are separate sexes• some species are hermaphrodites
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Nematodes
Found everywhere Soil Oceans Polar ice Hot springs
Parasites of nearly all plant and animal species!
Body Systems No Respiratory or Circulatory Systems- limits
size of worm due to distribution of nutrients via osmosis and diffusion
Complete Digestive Nervous Muscular Excretory Reproductive
Digestive SystemComplete Digestive Tract- Mouth Pharynx Intestine anus
Muscular System Longitudinal muscles
only creates thrashing
movement
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Nervous System
Nerve ring – “brain”
Dorsal and
ventral nerve cords
Excretory System
Excretory cells Ducts pores
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Nematode Reproductive Systems
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Dioecious- separate sexes
Life cycles of parasitic roundworms ASCARIS
• lives in intestines and feeds off blood
• ingest eggs from dirty hands or unwashed veggies contaminated with fecal matter
• eggs hatch in intestines and enter bloodstream
• larval worms bore into lungs, must be coughed up and swallowed
• move to intestines where they mature
TRICHINELLA• bore into muscles causing
painful cysts or live in intestines
• ingest cysts in undercooked/raw meat (usually pork)
• cysts open up in intestines and reproduce there
• larvae move into muscle tissue and form cysts
HOOKWORMS
• lives in intestines • feeds on blood, causes
major damage to intestines• eggs deposited on soil from
contaminated wastes• larvae live in soil• burrow into feet or exposed
skin of host• larvae travel through
bloodstream, to lungs, coughed up, swallowed
• attach to intestinal wall where they mature
PINWORMS
• most commonly infects children
• lives in intestines• ingest eggs from
contaminated soil or sand
• hatch in intestines• female lays eggs near
anus at night causing severe itching
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Wuchereria bancrofti
Lives in lymphatic system
Obstruct lymph to cause swelling Elephantiasis
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Elephantiasis
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
Fig. 11.15
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Life Cycle of Wucheria spp.
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Loa loa
Eye worm
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Dracunculus medinesis
Fiery serpent
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Dirofilaria immitis
Dog heart worm
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The End