Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Safe Places to Play Identifying Opportune School Sites
for Joint Use in Oakland, CARachel Cushing || UP 206A || March 15, 2011
Childhood Obesity• Childhood obesity rates have tripled in last 30-40 years
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and PreventionImage: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_07_08/Figures1.png
Childhood Obesity• 7 out of 10 children in California do not meet
physical activity guidelines
• This could be the first generation of American children to have a shorter lifespan than their parents
Sources: California Health Interview Survey; Olshansky, et al. (2005)Image: http://www.rnw.nl/data/files/images/lead/fat%20boy.jpg
Access Matters
• Children that lack access to parks have 20-45% higher odds of becoming overweight or obese compared to those with easy access
• Creating or enhancing access to places for physical activity can result in a 25% increase in the percentage of people who exercise at least 3 times/week
Source: Glanz & Sallis (2006); Task Force on Community Preventive ServicesImage: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/82284402/Photodisc
Joint Use
• The sharing of school facilities with local communities
• Health benefits• Cost benefits• Community benefits
Sources: Center for Cities and Schools; Prevention InstituteImage: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/84550974/Taxi
Lack of Joint Use
• 40% of California school districts do not have joint use partnerships in effect
Sources: Center for Cities and Schools; Prevention InstituteImage: http://www.mysecuritysign.com/img/lg/K/No-Trespassing-School-Property-Sign-K-2949.gif
Sources: American Community Survey (2006 estimate); U.S. Census (2010 projection)
Total city population:
397,067
Zip code 94601
population: 55,425
Existing Park Space• Zip code 94601 total area: 3.38 sq.mi.
Current Situation• Park area: 0.03 sq.mi.• Area of zip code located within 0.25mi of a park: 0.57 sq.mi.• Total coverage (park area + park service area): 0.60 sq.mi.
17.86% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a park
≈18% of zip code area is within 0.25
miles of a park
Proposed Policy Change
• Establish joint use agreements with the 8 schools located in zip code 94601 to increase local children’s access to spaces for physical activity
8 schools total
6 schools are located >0.25 miles
from a park
It is recommended to establish joint use agreements at all 8 schools, given low student Fitnessgram
scores at all 8 schools
California Fitnessgram Categories• 1) Aerobic Capacity
– PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run)– One-Mile Run– Walk Test (only for ages 13 or older)
• 2) Abdominal Strength and Endurance– Curl-Up
• 3) Upper Body Strength and Endurance– Push-Up– Modified Pull-Up– Flexed-Arm Hang
• 4) Body Composition– Skinfold Measurements – Body Mass Index– Bioelectric Impedance Analyzer
• 5) Trunk Extensor Strength and Flexibility– Trunk Lift
• 6) Flexibility– Back-Saver Sit and Reach– Shoulder Stretch
Source: California Department of Education
Note: Learning Without Limits school was founded in 2009, thus there is no data available from the 2008-2009 Fitnessgram
Adding Spaces for Physical Activity• Zip code 94601 total area: 3.38 sq.mi
By adding joint use agreements at 8 schools• Area of zip code located within 0.25mi of schools: 0.70 sq.mi.• New total coverage (parks + park service area + school
service area): 1.31 sq.mi.
38.65% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a park or school
≈39% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a
park or school
Impact of establishing Joint Use agreements
at 8 local schools
116% increase in proportion of zip
code area covered
Safety Matters
Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch7en/conc7en/probabilityimpact.html
Vehicle speed is the most
significant predictor of
pedestrian fatality in the event of a
collision
Safety Matters
• Children that must cross several major roads to get to parks are 40-60% less likely than other children to walk or bicycle to parks at least three times per week
Source: Timperio A, et al. (2004); Google images
Recommendations1. Establish joint use agreements at the
following 8 Oakland schools:1. ASCEND Elementary School2. College Prep & Architecture Academy3. Lazear Elementary School4. Learning Without Limits5. Life Academy6. Manzanita Seed7. Think College Now Elementary School8. Urban Promise Academy
2. Create a map of “safe routes” to local parks and schools and disseminate via school communications and other appropriate channels
Original Data
Process:
• Located 94601 schools on Oakland Unified School District map (OUSD district 5 region 2 encompasses zip code 94601)
• Searched OUSD website for school addresses
• Geocoded school names and addresses in ArcMap and created a layer file and shapefile
Original Data
Process:
• Located Fitnessgram data for 94601 schools on California Department of Education website
•Input Fitnessgram into Excel
• Created a model to join school shapefile with Fitnessgram data spreadsheet ,and added the resulting parameter to future maps
Metadata for my original
“OUSD_94601_ Schools_Fitgram”
layer file
Skills Demonstrated1. Modeling: created a model to join schools shapefile with Fitnessgram data (slide 25)
2. Metadata: created a metadata log for “OUSD_94601_Schools_Fitgram.lyr” in ArcCatalog (slide 26)
3. Measurement/Analysis: measured total area of park space, park service area, and school service area in zip code 94601
(map 4/slide 11 and others)
4. Original data: created original “OUSD_94601_Schools_Fitgram” layer and shapefile (data shown on map 6/slide 15,
process described on slides 23-24)
5. Chart: created a chart of school Fitnessgram results (map 6/slide 15)
6. Network Analysis: created new service areas for parks (map 4/slide 11 and others) and schools (map 7/slide 17 and
others) in zip code 94610; created new service areas to determine safest routes (map 9/slide 21)
7. Inset map: created inset maps of California (map 1/slide 7) and Oakland zip codes (map 3/slide 9)
8. Point graduated symbol: Graduated symbols by color of school Fitnessgram scores (map 6/slide 15)
9. Attribute sub-sets selections: selected Oakland zip codes from all California zip codes (map 1/slide 7 and others)
10. Geoprocessing: clipped all California parks to city of Oakland (map 2/slide 8) and to zip code 94601 (map 3/slide 9 and
others); clipped Oakland population to zip code 94601 by Census block group (map 3/slide 9 and others)
11. Geocoding: goecoded addresses of schools in zip code 94601 (map 5/slide 13 and others)
Thank You
Additional resources on joint use available via:• Prevention Institute www.jointuse.org • Public Health Law & Policy: http://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/products/joint_use_toolkit