Safety Guidelines Passenger Non Passenger Vessels

transcript

PASSENGER AND NON-PASSENGER VESSELS

Part One: Specific identified hazardS

1 emergency procedureS and equipment1.1 Generalpreventionstrategies 11.2 Musterstations 21.3 Emergencytraining 41.4 Fireonboard 61.5 Manoverboard 71.6 Firstaid 81.7 Flooding 101.8 Abandonship 111.9 Emergencycontacts 131.10 Operatingwithhelicopters 14

2 fire prevention and fire Safety2.1 Firepreventionandfiresafety 152.2 Generalfireprevention 162.3 Firedrills 182.4 Firefighting 192.5 Firefightingequipment 222.6 Firedetectionequipment 26

3 Safety in veSSelS3.1 Generalsafety 273.2 Personalprotectiveequipment

andappropriateclothing 293.3 Machineguards 303.4 Isolationprocedures 313.5 Hazardoussubstances

(dangerousgoods) 323.6 Liftinggear 333.7 Portableelectrictools 343.8 Workingdecksurfaces 353.9 Ventilation 363.10 Lighting 373.11 Ropesandmooringlines 383.12 Boardinganddisembarking 393.13 Keepingthevesselwatertight 403.14 Escaperoutes 413.15 Machinerystops 423.16 Fuellingsafety 433.17 Generaltraining 443.18 Tripplanning/pre-sailingchecklist 46

contentS

4 Watchkeeping4.1 Organisingthenavigationalwatch 494.2 Dutiesandresponsibilities 504.3 Navigationalequipment 524.4 Fitnessforduty 54

5 Safety in machinery SpaceS5.1 Refrigerationsystems 555.2 Compressedairsystems 575.3 Gascylindersandinstallations 585.4 Electricalsystems 595.5 Hydraulicsystems 615.6 Hotwork 62

6 Weather/Sea conditionS6.1 Weatherconditions 636.2 Extremeseaconditions 656.3 Fog 666.4 Barcrossing 67

7 human factorS7.1 Fatigue 697.2 Stress 727.3 Alcoholandotherdrugs 757.4 Hostresponsibilities 77

Part Two: Specific veSSel operationS

8 roll on/roll off (ro-ro) ferrieS 81

9 high-Speed paSSenger veSSelS 83

10 paSSenger ferrieS 85

11 Bare Boat/hire and drive veSSelS 87

Part Three: general information on health and Safety

12 dutieS and reSponSiBilitieS 8912.1 Employer/vesselowner

(personwhopaysthewages) 9012.2 Skipper(personwhocontrols

theplaceofwork) 9112.3 Crew(peoplewhoarepaidwages) 9212.4 Self-employed 9312.5 Principal(personwhohiresself-

employedpeople(skipperorowner))9412.6 Otherpeoplewhovisittheworkplace

inthecourseoftheirwork (egobservers,complianceofficials, contractors) 95

13 managing health and Safety13.1 Relevantlegislation 9713.2 Developingahealthandsafety

policy 9813.3 Providinginformation 9913.4 Selectionandplacementofcrew 10013.5 Training 10113.6 Inductionforvisitorsandothers 10213.7 Employeeparticipationinhealth

andsafety 10313.8 Peoplewhoarenotemployees 10413.9 Systemauditing 105

14 hazard management14.1 Whatisahazard? 10714.2 Whendoesahazardbecome

significant? 10814.3 Hazardidentification 10914.4 Hazardassessmentand

management 11014.5 Whatdoes“allpracticablesteps’’

mean? 11114.6 Significanthazardmanagement

worksheet 112

Thismanualhasbeenputtogetherbyoperatorsofcommercialpassengerandnon-passengervesselstoprovideguidelinesonthesafeoperationofthesetypesofvessels.ThismanualwouldnothavebeenpossiblewereitnotfortheearlierachievementsofFishSAFEinproducingtheSafety guidelines for small commercial fishing vessels,whichthismanualisbasedon.IfyouareinvolvedincommercialfishingyoushouldrefertotheSafety guidelines for small commercial fishing vessels,ratherthantheinformationcontainedhere.SpecialmentionmustalsogotothecontributionmadebytheMarineTransportAssociationinprovidingtheexpertknowledgeandvessel-specificmaterialcontainedwithinthismanual.

Everyoneworkingonboardisencouragedtoregularlyrefertothismanual.Itisintendedtohelpyouputinplacetraining,practices,andproceduresthatensureyouoperatesafelyandreducelossesduetoinjury,accidents,orincidents.Theinformationintheseguidelinesisbasedonpracticalexperienceandhard-earnedknowledgefrompastaccidentsandincidents.Theguidelinesofferinformationanda“bestpractice”approachtothenormalhazardsanddangersfoundonsmallpassengerandnon-passengervessels.Itisacknowledgedthateverypassengerandnon-passengervesselhascommercialoperationsthatareunique,sotherearenoeasy“onesizefitsall”answerstosafetyissues.Theintentionisforowners,skippersandcrewtousethismaterialasastartingpointandguidewhenconsideringhowtomakesurethattheprocesses,proceduresandgeneraloperationoftheirvesselarebothsafeandefficient.

Theguidelines,whilenotlegislative,areaneffectivewayofputtinginductionandtrainingprocessesintoplace.Theywillhelpowners,skippersandcrewtomeettheirlegalobligationsundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992andMaritimeRules(particularlySafeShipManagement).

Theguidelinesdonotcontainalltheanswerstoeveryhazardordanger.Likewise,itmaybethatthesolutionsortechniquestheyofferdonotapplytoyourvesseloroperationforpracticaloreconomicreasons.Inthesecases,itishopedthattheguidelineswillprovidetheframeworkandapproachthatwillenableyoutoputyourownuniquesolutionsintoplace.

Theguidelinesaredesignedtobeanevolvingdocument.Theywillbeupdatedandamendedinthefuture.IfyouhaveanyquestionsorfeedbackontheguidelinescontacttheManager,SafetyManagementSystems,MaritimeNewZealand.

INTRODUCTION

SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT

1EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT

Part One: SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS �

Thissectiondetailstheemergencyproceduresandequipmentthatshouldbeoneveryvessel.Italsocoverswhatyoucandotopreventemergencies:

• ifthereisafireonboard

• whensomeonefallsoverboard

• whensomeoneisinjuredonboard

• ifthereisafloodonboard

• ifyouhavetoabandonship

• ifyouhavetomakeaMAYDAYcall.

Regularemergencydrillsensureallcrewmembersknowwhattodoifsomethinggoeswrong.

preventing emergenciesManyaccidentsandinjuriescanbeavoided,ortheireffectsreduced,throughtheknowledgeandtrainingofthevessel’smanagementandcrew.

Everyoneshoulddowhattheycantokeepthevesselingoodworkingcondition.Thismeans:

• keepthingstidyonandbelowdeck

• knowwhereitemsshouldbestoredandkeepthemthere

• securelooseitems

• makesuresafetygeariseasytogetto,andthatitisregularlycheckedandmaintained

• reportanyproblemsorgeardefectstotheskipper.

tipS for SkipperS

insist on safe working standards at all times.• Alwaysdiscusssafetymatterswithyourcrew.Formalsafetycommitteesareonlycompulsory

wherethereare30ormoreemployees.Goodcommunicationonsafetymatterskeepseveryoneinformed.

• Everycrewmembershouldbeencouragedtogivefeedbackandreportdefects.

• Completepre-sailingsafetycheckseverytimeyousail.

• FollowtheSafeShipManagement(SSM)programmeonboard.

• Encourageyourcrewtoattendfirstaid,firefighting,survivalandemergencytraining.

• Conductregularsafetyexercisesanddiscussionswhileatsea.

legal requirementS

• MaritimeRulesPart23lists“Operatingproceduresandtrainingdesignedtocopewithemergencysituationsorpreventsuchsituationsoccurring”.

• TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct)requires“everyemployertotakeallpracticalstepstoensurethesafetyofemployeeswhileatwork”.

• TheHSEActalsorequires“allemployeestoparticipateinprocessesrelatingtohealthandsafety”.

1.1 GENERALPREVENTION STRATEGIES

� Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS

1.2 MUSTER STATIONS

Musterstationandmusterlistaretermstypicallyusedbylargervessels.However,theyarestillrelevanttosmallervessels.

Amusterstationisanassemblypointthateverycrewmemberknowstogotoonhearingthevessel’semergencyalarm.Atthemusterstation/sdetailsaregiventocrewandpassengersonthetypeofemergency.Crewarealsogiveninstructionsonwhattasksarerequiredofthem.Themusterstationonasmallpassengerornon-passengervesselisnormallyin,orbehind,thewheelhouse.

Amusterlistisalistthatdetailswhatdutieseachcrewmemberhasintheeventofanemergency.Thisshouldbedisplayedinaprominentpositiononyourvesselwherethecrewwillseeitoften.Anexamplemusterlistisshownonthefollowingpage.

everyone should know and follow the muster procedures.

tipS for SkipperS

essentials• Placeyourmusterlistinaprominentpositiononthevessel.Refertothelegalsectionbelowfor

maritimerulerequirements.

keep your crew “up to speed” by:• havingdrillswhenleastexpected

• changingcrewemergencydutiesaroundbetweentripssotheybecomefamiliarwithallduties,andtheygetintothehabitofregularlycheckingthemusterlist

• puttingacopyofthemusterlistinplaceswherecrewwillreadit,egthemessorthebackofthetoiletdoor

• alwaysinitiatinganydrillwiththeactualalarm.

legal requirementS

• Allvesselsshouldhaveamusterlist.RefertoMaritimeRulesPart23fordetailsofwhichpassengerandnon-passengershipsarerequiredtohaveamusterlist.

eXample:Musterlistforsmallpassengerornon-passengervessel.

muSter Station liSt(EmergencyDutyList)

muSter pointWhenthegeneralalarmissoundedallcrewmusterbehindthewheelhousenexttolifejacketstowage.

aBandon ShipThisorderwillonlybegivenbytheskipper.

crew proceed to duty

Skipper Wheelhouse Senddistresssignals

Mate Wheelhouse CollectEPIRBonwaytoliferaft

Deckhand Wheelhouse CollectflaresandVHFradiofromwheelhouseonwaytoliferaft

fire on Board

Skipper Wheelhouse Startfire/deckpumpStartsendingdistressmessagesifrequired

Mate Wheelhouse Fightfirewithextinguishers

Deckhand Wheelhouse Shutventilation,closeventsandpreparetoboundarycool

colliSion

Skipper Wheelhouse Monitorandcontrol

Mate Wheelhouse Startbilgepumps

Deckhand Wheelhouse Closeallwatertightopenings

man overBoard Allcrewmusterbehindwheelhouse(keepinganeyeonpersoninwater).

creW nameS for trip

Skipper JackHook Wheelhouseportside

Mate BobUpdown Forwardcabinportbunk

Deckhand FredStone Forwardcabinstarboardbunk

1.3 EMERGENCYTRAINING

Thecrewaretheonlypeoplewhocandealwithanemergencyatsea.Asemergenciesdonotoccuroften,regulartrainingisessential.Thiswillmeanyourcrewcanrespondquicklyandeffectivelywhenneeded.Emergencytrainingispractisingsafetydrillsonboardthevesselwhileitisatsea.

Ideallytrainingshouldbedoneatanytimeandwhileatsea.

Regulartraining,orpractising,developsfamiliarityandfamiliaritysavestime.Inanemergencyyoudon’thavetimetothink.

tipS for SkipperS

essentials• Developanduseatrainingexerciseprogrammeforyourvesselandcrew.

• Practisealldrillsregularlyandoften–eventhesimpleones.

• Conductbasicmusterstationandmanoverboarddrillsattheearliestopportunityafterleavingport,especiallyifnewcrewmembersareonboard.

• Keeparecordofalltrainingandexercisesundertaken.Anexamplerecordisshownonthenextpage.YourSSMmanualmayhavesimilarrecordforms.

extras• Neverassumeeveryoneremembersoralreadyknowswhattodoinanemergency.

• Conductexercisesforalltypesofemergencies.Holdtheseindifferentareasofthevesseleachtime.

• Explaintheuseoftheemergencygearusedduringeachexercise.

• Neverletyourcrewtalkyououtofdoinganexercise.Yestheyhavedonethembefore,yestheycanbeboring,buttheymustbedone.

• Don’tassumethatbecauseyouonlyhaveaverysmallcrewyoudon’tneedtoworry.Ifanemergencyoccurs,youwillhavelesspeopletorelyon.

• Usetrainingexercisestocheckyourequipment.Operatehydrantvalvestoensurethey’renotseized.Checkhosesaren’tperished.Checkextinguishersareindate.

• Workthrough“whatif”scenarioswithyourcrewafteranexercise.Informalmeetingsareoftenthebestwayonboardsmallervessels.

legal requirementS

• UndertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992section13regulations,employersmustensurestaffareadequatelytrainedandreceiveadequatesupervision.

• MaritimeRulesPart23requirestheskippertoensurethecrewarefamiliarwithafiredrillandanabandonshipdrill.Therulealsorequirestheskipperofthevesseltoensurecrewarefamiliarwiththeirdutiesandtheuseofemergencyequipment.

eXample:

training and eXerciSe recordJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Fireinengineroom. J.B. 4/1

Fireingalley/mess. Pete 23/2

Fireinsteeringcompartment.

J.B. 1/3

Manoverboard.Recoverfromvessel.

J.B. 9/1

Manoverboard.Recoverbyrescuevessel.

Pete 20/2

Musterstationsandabandonship.

J.B. 1/1

KeepatrainingrecordliketheoneaboveinyourSSMmanual.Ifyoumaketheefforttodotheexercises,itjusttakesafractionmoretimetoinitialanddatetherecord.

1.4 FIREONBOARD

Fireonboardavesselatsea(oralongside)isextremelyserious.Firecanspreadquicklyandsmokebecomesveryintenseveryquickly.Thismakesfirefightingharder.Firescanstartanywhereonavessel.Theymostoftenstartinthegalleyorintheengineroom.

action points!

1. Raisealarm!ShoutFIREand/orsoundthealarm.

2. Attempttoputoutthefireusingaportablefireextinguisher.

3. Stopallventilation.Turnofffans.

if unsuccessful:4. Getoutandcloseupthecompartment.

5. Shutoffallpowerandfuelsuppliestocompartmentonfire(ifpossible).

6. Activatefixedfireextinguishingsystem(iffitted).

7. Closeallopenings,doorsandventstothecompartment.Keepaneyeoutforsmokeescaping.Blockholessothefireisstarvedofoxygen.

8. Protectliferaftsfromthefire.

9. Dampenhotspotsonexternalbulkheads(ifapplicable)andonthedeckabovethecompartmentonfiretostopitspreading.Usewatersparinglytoavoidstabilityproblemsduetofreesurfacewater.

10.Preparetoabandonship.

noteSeeSection2formoredetailabouthowtofightfiresonboard.

1.5 MANOVERBOARD

Acrewmembercanfallintotheseaatanytimewhileworkingondeck–notonlyduringroughweather.

Thepersonenteringthewatermayhavebeenunconsciouswhentheyfellin,andmightnotbeabletokeeptheirheadabovethewater.Iftheyarenotwearingafloatationaid,theymaysinkquickly.

it is important to recover the perSon aS faSt aS you can.

action points!

if you hear or see someone fall overboard:• Immediatelythrowafloatationdeviceintothewater.Thebestthingtouseisalifering.Ifyoudonot

havealiferingusealifejacketoranythingelsethatwillassistthepersontostayafloat.Atnight,throwinalightorreflectiveitemaswell.

• Raisealarm!ShoutMANOVERBOARD.

• Keeppointingatthepersoninthewater.

• Keepaneyeonthefloatationdeviceandthepersoninthewater.Guidethewheelhousebacktothemwithouttakingyoureyesoffthem.

• Carefullymanoeuvrethevesselalongside(upwind)oftheperson.

• Recoverthepersonbeingcarefulnottobepulledintothewateryourself.

• Makethepersonwarm,andconductCPRimmediately(ifrequired).

• Radioforassistance(ifrequired).

if someone is missing• Markyourpositionandstartretracingyourtrack.

• RaiseMAYDAYcallimmediatelysoothervesselsintheareacanassist.

good practices

• Alwayswearapersonalfloatationdevicewheneverworkingontheweatherdeck–notjustinbadweather.

• Ensureliferingsandothersafetydevicesareeasytogettoatalltimes.

• Ifyouaretheonlyoneondeckconsiderwearingasafetyline.

tipS for SkipperS

• Conductregularexercisesbythrowingsomethingintothewatertorecover.

• Makesureatleasttwocrewmembersknowhowtomanoeuvrethevessel.Itmaybeyouinthewater.

• Positionliferingsnearthemainworkareasandnearthewheelhouse.

1.6 FIRSTAID

Firstaidistheassistancegivenwhenapersonbecomesillorinjured.Oftenavesselisdaysfromshoreorhoursfromreceivinghelpsoitisuptothecrewtoconductfirstaid.Thisoftenresultsinsavingthelifeofaninjuredcrewmember.

Keepyourfirstaidkitwellmaintainedandorganisedinadrylocation.

Keepcommon-useitems(band-aidsandhangovercures)separatesothefirstaidboxdoesnotgetdisturbed.

action points!

raise alarm!

PATIENTUNCONSCIOUS

1. Securethescene.

2. Makesureitissafeforyoutoassistthevictim.

3. Conducta, B, c!A. Turnthepatientonhis/hersideandclearairway.

B. CheckthatthepatientisBreathingandconductrescuebreathing(ifrequired).

C. Checkcirculation(checkcarotidpulse–takenolongerthan10seconds)andconductCPR(ifrequired).

PATIENTBADLYCUT

1. Stemflowofbloodbywrappingwithacleanbandageormaterial.

2. Ifanamputationhasoccurred,collectseveredsectioninacleanplasticbagandplace“onice”.

3. Treatpatientforshock.

PATIENTBURNT

1. Immerseburntpartofbodyincold,freshwater.

2. Keepimmersedincoldwaterforatleast20minutes.

3. Donotputanymedicationonburns.

4. Wrapinsterilebandage.

5. Treatpatientforshock.

HYPOTHERMIA

Ifapatienthasbeeninthewatertheycouldbeatriskofhypothermia.Treatthembydoingthefollowing:

1. Movethepatientintoashelteredposition.

2. Removewetclothingandputdryclothesorblanketsonthepatient.

3. Makethepatientwarmandthenstabilisehis/hertemperature.

4. Givewarmorhigh-energyfood.

Ifapatienthassufferedamoderateormajorinjurytheywillsufferfromshock.Treatthepatientbydoingthefollowing:

1. Liethepatientontheirbackandraisetheirfeetslightlyhigherthantheirhead.

2. Staywiththepatientandkeepreassuringhim/her.

3. Maintaintheirbodytemperaturebykeepingthepatientwarm.Donotoverheat.

adult cardio pulmonary reSuScitation (cpr)

Checkforanydanger–ifdanger,movethecasualtytosafety.

Establishresponsiveness–shoutatthecasualtyandpinchtheearlobeshard.

Callforhelp.

Ifnoresponse:Checkairway,Breathingandcirculation

IFNOSIGNSOFLIFEANDINADEqUATEORNOBREATHINGSTARTCPR.

1. airway• OpentheairwayusingHeadTilt/ChinLift.

• Checkforanyobstruction,iffoundremovebyfingersweeping.

2. check for Breathing• Getdownclose.Look,ListenandFeelforBreathing.

• Ifbreathingisabsentorinadequate–startCPR.

• Locatethecentreofthechest,placethepalmofthehandonthelowerhalfofthesternum,linkthefingersandcompressdown5cm.

• Compress30timesatarateof100compressionsperminute.

• Give2normalbreaths,eachbreathofa1secondperiod(wherepossibleuseaCPRFaceShield).

3. continue cpr at a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths until:• casualtyrecovers

• highermedicalaidarrives,or

• youaretoldtostop.

EveryfewminutesrechecktheABCs,pulse;ifnochangecontinueCPR.

Medicalassistanceisavailablevia2182khzoronVHFChannel16.

legal requirementS

• MaritimeRulesPart32requireseveryLLOandILMcertificateapplicanttoholdavalidfirstaidcertificate.

• YoumustreportallaccidentsandincidentstoMaritimeNewZealand.Refersection31oftheMaritimeTransportAct1994.

• Allvesselsmusthaveafirstaidkitonboard.Thesizedependsonthesizeofvesselandoperatingarea.ReferMaritimeRulesPart50.

• AllvesselsmusthaveacopyofaSt Johnor Red Cross First Aid Manualonboard.ReferMaritimeRulesPart50.

�0 Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS

1.7 FLOODING

Floodscanoccurthrough:

• acollision

• structuralfailure

• abrokenservice(cooling)pipe

• adamagedhullfittingorgland.

Floodingcanaffectthestabilityofyourvessel.Youneedtowatchoutforaccumulationofwaterandunderstandthefreesurfaceeffectofloosewater.

free surface effectWhenacompartmenthaswaterinit,thatwaterisfreeto“sloparound”.Thesurfaceofthewateriscalleda“freesurface”.Whenthiswatermovestooneside,theweightofitmovingwillcausethevesseltoheelover.Thesameeffectoccurswhencargoorpassengersareallowedtomovefromonesideofthevesseltotheother.

action points!

1. Raisealarm!

2. Startpumps.

3. Ifyouarethewheelhousewatchkeeper,sendaradiomessagetonearbyvesselsorashore.Only afteryouhavedonethis,gotoassist.Thingsmaydeterioratequicklyonceyouareassistingandyoumaynotgetanotherchancetogetamessageoff.

4. Turnvesseltowardsshallowerwaterorport.Considerbeachingthevessel.

5. Attempttostemtheflowofwaterbyshuttingvalves,orblockingthehole.

6. Ifpumpsareoutofaction,getoutandclosecompartment.

7. Reducethefreesurfaceeffectbymakingsureallwaterorfueltanksnotinusearepressedupfullorcompletelyemptywheneverpossible.

8. Makesureallfreeingportsareclearofobstructiontoallowanycollectedwaterondecktobedrainedquickly.

9. Lookforholesthatallowwaterorfueltoleakintoadjoiningcompartments.

10.Considerthestabilityaffectsofafloodedcompartment.Thevesselmayheelovertoonesidebecauseofthis.Youmayneedtotransferfuelorcounterfloodanothercompartmenttogetthedamagedpartofthehulloutofwater.

11. Preparetoabandonship.Remainonthevesselforaslongasitissafetodoso.

Part One: SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS ��

1.8 ABANDONSHIP

Anemergencysituationmaybesobadthatitisnecessarytoabandonthevesselinordertosavelives.Itisoftenadifficultdecisionthatshouldnotbemadetooearlyorlefttoolate.

Someonewhogetsintotheliferaftrelativelydry,withwarmclothing,food,andwater,hasagreaterchanceofsurvival.Ifyouaredealingwithanemergency(fireorflooding)anditseemslikelythatyouwillhavetoabandonship,theskippershoulddispatchonecrewmembertopreparetolaunchtheraftandgatherfood,water,clothingandotherthingsyouneed.

Theorderforabandonshipmust only begivenbytheskipperonceitisclearthatcontinuedpresenceonthevesselwillbearisktohumanlife.

action points!

if there is time:• RadioaMAYDAYcallgivingthevessel’sposition.

• Collectaportableradio.

• Collectwarmclothingandblankets.

• ActivateEPIRB(emergencypositionindicatingradiobeacon)ifpossible,andtiethistotheraftortoyourperson.

• Collectfoodandwater.

• Collectextraflares.

• Launchtheliferaftandusethepainterlinetoinflatetheraft,andpullittothesideofthevessel.

once everyone is in the raft get it clear of the vessel:• Trytostayasdryasyoucanwhenyougetintotheraft.Thishelpspreventtheonsetofhypothermia.

• Ifunabletogetintotheraftdry,squeezethewateroutofyourclothingandbailoutasmuchwaterassoonasyoucan.

once the raft has been cleared of as much water as possible: • Closeallliferaftopeningstoreducechill.

• Streamtheseaanchortokeeptheraftinthevicinityofthelastknownpositionofthevessel.

• Ifthevesselisstillafloat,keepclearincaseittipsoveroramastfalls.

• Erectreflectorsheets(iffitted).

• Takeseasicknesstablets(ifrequired).

if there is no time to launch a liferaft:• Swimclearofthevessel.

• Onceyouareclearofvesselconserveenergy.

• Keeptalkingtoeachotherandhuddletogetherinthewater.refer illustration 4. Thiswillmaximisebodywarmthandmakeabiggerobjectforsearcherstofind.

• Ifyouarealone,pullyourkneesuptoyourchest,intothesurvivalposition.refer illustration 3. • Watchoutfortheliferaftorotherfloatingobjectsemergingfromthewater.

�� Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS

tipS for SkipperS

essentials:• Maritimerulesrequireallvesselstoconductanabandonshipdrillonceamonth.

extras• Makesureliferaftsarestowedproperly.Thepainterlinemustbesecuredtothevessel(viaaweak

link)sotheraftstayscloseuntilsurvivorsboardit.

• MakesureEPIRBsarestowedproperlysotheyfloatfreeoncethehydrostaticreleasemechanismhasactivated.

• Keepyourliferaftsandallhydrostaticreleasemechanismsservicedandingoodcondition.

• Ensurethecrewknowhowtoup-rightaliferaft.refer illustrations 1 and 2. Displaypostersaroundvessel(ifpossible).

• Encouragecrewtodoasurvivalcourse.

Part One: SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS ��

1.9 EMERGENCYCONTACTS

maritime nz 24-hour emergency number: 0508 472 269 or alternatively 111

Thisnoticeshouldbedisplayednexttothevessel’sVHFradio.CopiesareavailablebycontactingMaritimeNewZealandon0508225522.

MakingaMAYDAYcallwiththisinformationinitiatesaresponsefromtheRescueCoordinationCentreNZ(RCCNZ).

RCCNZwillco-ordinatetheorganisationsrequiredtosendyouassistance.

YoushouldalsoknowthelocalfrequenciesoftheNZCoastguard.Theseareavailablefromyourlocalcoastguardorontheirwebsite:www.nzcoastguard.org.nz.

eXample:Theexamplebelowshowshowcoastguardfrequenciescouldbedisplayed.

coastguard base location frequencies available on

�� Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS

1.10 OPERATINGWITH HELICOPTERS

Operatingahelicopterovervesselspresentsanumberofproblemsforthehelicopterpilot.Rescueoperationsareoftenconductedinpoorweatherandareextremelydangerous.

When transferring to a helicopter:• Selectthepositionwherethetransferistotakeplace,iethepositionwhereaninjuredpersonistobe

winchedup.Thismaynotnecessarilybethelargestdeckareabutwillbethebestlocationtoallowthehelicopterandwinchtokeepclearofhighobstructions(iemasts,gantries,derricksetc).

• Clearthedeckofanyloosepiecesofdebrisorequipmentthatmaybesuckedupintothehelicopter’sengine.

• Onsightingthehelicopter,setasmokeflaretohighlightyourlocationandindicatethewinddirectiontothepilot.

• Thecrewondeckshouldbedressedasbrightlyaspossible,andshouldstayoutofthewayuntilthehelicopterisinposition.

• Maintainradiocommunicationwiththehelicopterthroughouttheoperation.

• Neverattachanythingtothehelicopterbeforethepilotgivesapprovaltodoso.

• Rememberthepilotmaynotbeabletoseetheload,sotheymayneedsomeguidance.

• Iftherescueisatnight,thepilotwillbeaccustomedtothedarknesssoavoidturningonverybrightlighting.

• Knowthesignalstocommunicatewiththehelicopterpilotfromthedeck.

• Ensurethestaticonthehelicopterisearthedbeforeyoutouchtherescuewireloweredfromthehelicopter.Howdoyoudothis?Isitcommonknowledge?

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE SAFETY

Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS ��

2.1 FIREPREVENTIONAND FIRESAFETY

Fireisverydangerousforvesselsatsea.Mostvesselscarryanduseanumberofhighlyflammableitemsonboard.Onceafirestarts,itcanbeveryhardtoputout.Youwillneedtodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourvesselafloatandseaworthy.

this section covers:• Whatcausesfires.

• Howtopreventfiresfromstarting.

• Howtofightfiressafelyandeffectively.

Everyvesselshouldhaveregularfiredrills.Regulardrillsmeaneveryoneknowswhattodo.

important points for all crew: • Knowandlookoutforfirerisks.

• Knowwhatfireequipmentisheldonboard.

• Knowwhereallfirefightingequipmentisheldonboard.

• Knowhowandwhentouseallthefightingequipment.

• Knowhowtocontainafireonboard.

• Knowtheaffectsoffirefightingwateronthestabilityofthevessel.

• Knowyourroleinfightingafireonboard.

flammable hazardsAflammablehazardisanythingthatcouldigniteafire,oranythingthatburnseasily.Onboardeveryvesselthereareanumberofflammablehazards.Thesecaninclude:

Thingsthatcanigniteorstartthefireare:

• heatandsparksfromelectricalswitches,motors,toolsorleads

• cookerflames

• sparksfromgrindingandwelding

• generators

• cigarettes,matchesorlighters.

Thingsthatcangivethefirefueltoburnare:

• dieselfuel

• gas

• cleaningchemicals

• ragswithoilorchemicalsonthem

• hydraulicoil.

Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS��

2.2 GENERALFIREPREVENTION

the two main things everyone can do on board a vessel to prevent fires are to:• keepthevesseltidy

• identifyfirerisksduringnormalday-to-dayoperationofthevessel.

Somespecificflammablehazardsarelistedbelow.Theremaybeotherfirerisksthatarenotonthislist.Considerwhatelseyoucandotopreventfires.

diesel and petrol fuel and lubricating oils• Ensurenoonesmokesonboardthevesselwhentakingonfuel.

• Makesureallleaksinpipelines,fittingsandenginesarerepairedimmediately.

• Storeallflammableproductsseparatelyandtidily.

hydraulic oil• Makesureallleaksinpipelinesandfittingsarerepairedassoonaspossible.

• Regularlycheckhosesfordeterioration.

lp gas• Gasbottlesmustbeinstalledontheexposedweatherdeck.Saltairandwaterwillcorrodethe

bottles.Keepthemcoveredandensurethereisgoodventilationtopreventfumesbuildingup.

• Ensurebottlesarestowedwheretheyareleastlikelytobedamaged.

• Regularlycheckhosesandfittingsfordeterioration.

• Installasimplegasdetector/alarm.

cooking fryers, elements and oilsFiresoftenstartinthegalley.

• Installtimedswitchesongalleyequipmentsoitwillturnoffifleftunattended.

• Ensureasmokedetectorisfitted.

• Makesuregasbottlesarelockedshutwhenleavingthevessel.

electrical switchboards and connectionsOnmostvessels,thereisarangeofcontrolboxes,switchesandsocketsinareasexposedtophysicaldamage.

• Ensuretheflame-proofandwater-proofenclosuresarekeptinexcellentphysicalcondition.

• Regularlycheckthatcontactsandconnectionsinsidearestilltight.Rememberavesseliscontinuallyvibrating,soconnectionsdocomeloose,whichcancreateahotspot.

electric motors and generatorsTheseareofteninareaswheretheyareexposedtofumesanddust.Thefumesanddustcangetintotheventsofthemachine.Sparksfromtheelectricscanignitefumesordust.

• Haveaqualifiedpersonregularlychecktheventsandremovegrillstomakesuretheinternalsofthemachineareclean.

• Atthesametimecheckthatallconnectionsinsidearestilltight.

portable electric tools• Ensuretools(includingleadsandextensionleads)arekeptinexcellentcondition.

• Turnpoweroffafteruse.

• Donotrunleadsacrossdeck.

Welding, grinding and gas cuttingWeldingandcuttingmaintenanceworkisregularlyrequiredonboard,andcanbeasignificantfirehazard.

Firesresultingfromthisworkrarelystartfromwheretheworkisdoneandoftendevelopsometimeaftertheworkwasdone.

• Firesfromweldingusuallystartontheothersideofthebulkheadwhenpaintorinsulationignitesorwheresparksandlosemetalfall.

• Firesfromcuttingworkhappenwhensparksflyoveranarea.Ifthesesparksfallintoanearbypileofrubbish,onanoilyrag,oronapieceofpaperafirecouldstart.

• Alwaysassignacrewmember,ormakesurethecontractorhasaworker,tochecktheoppositesidetowhereweldingworkisbeingconducted.Thisshouldbedonewhiletheworkishappeningandforsometimeaftertheweldinghasfinished.Thepersondoingitshouldusethebackoftheirhandandhaveawetragandbucketofwatertodabontoanypaintorpanelthatignites.

• Insulationontheothersideofthefacebeingweldedmustberemoved.

• Beforeallowinggrindingorcuttingworktoproceedphysicallycheckthesurroundingareas.

• Makesureafireextinguisheriscloseby.

• Ensurecontractorsreporttoyoubeforetheystartandwhentheyfinish.

• Checktheareaagainoneortwohoursafterworkiscompleted.

ragsRagsareregularlyusedtowipeupoilorfuelspillsandthentossedintoanearbycontainer.

Disposeofoilyragsinametalbinwithalidorasealedairtightbag.

chemicals• Readthedatasheetssuppliedwithchemicals.Certainchemicalscanbeextremelyvolatileifmixed

withothersubstances.

• Havechemicalssuppliedinrobustandnon-corrosivecontainers.

• Stowchemicalsinaseparatedrystowageonorimmediatelyadjacenttotheweatherdeck.

2.3 FIREDRILLS

Firedrillsensureeveryoneknowswhattodowhenthereisafire.Talkingaboutwhattodoisimportant,butapracticaldrillgiveseveryoneachancetopractisetherequiredskills.

Firedrillsarejustasimportantforsmallvesselswithonlyoneortwocrew.Howyoucarryoutafiredrillonasmallvesselmightbedifferenttohowyouwouldonalargevessel.Forinstance,onasmallvesselyoumay“walkthrough”thedrilltogetherandtesteachother.Whateverwayyoudecidetocarryoutfiredrillsonthevessel,youmustdothemregularly.

good fire drills • Startwiththealarmyounormallyusetogetcrewtothemusterstations.Thisallowsanimmediate

checktoconfirmeveryoneisaccountedforanddoingtheirduty.

• Occurindifferentlocationsonthevesselwhereafirecouldpossiblystart.

• Haveasenseofurgency.

• Usethecorrectfirefightingequipmentatthescene.

tipS for SkipperS

• Timecrewduringthedrilltoseehowlongittakesthemtodocertaintasks.

• Checkyourdeckand/orfirehosesarelongenoughandingoodcondition.Alwaysopenatwatersupplyand/orfirehydrantvalvestokeepthemmoving.

• Makesurecrewknowhowtouseallthedifferenttypesofextinguishers,hosespray/jetnozzlesandpumpsonthevessel.

• Alwaysdebriefafterafiredrill.Thiscanbeaninformaldiscussionafterwardswhere“whatif”scenarios,aswellasdeficienciesintheday’sexercise,canbediscussed.

• Alwaysquestioncrewontheirknowledgebutalsolistentotheircommentsandsuggestions.

• Alwayslogyourexerciseinthevessellogand/oryourtrainingrecord.

• MaritimeNewZealandrecommendsyouhaveonefiredrillpermonth.

2.4 FIREFIGHTING

Fireneedsthreecomponentstokeepburning:heat,fuelandoxygen.Itwillgooutwhenoneofthesecomponentsisremoved.

heatLand-basedfirebrigadesfighthousefiresthroughremovingtheheatbycoolingthefirewithlotsofwater.Floodingavesselatseaisnotagoodidea,asthevesselwillbecomeunstablewithfreesurfacewaterandflooding.

Hosescanstillbeusedforcoolingatsea,butshouldbeusedwithcare.

fuelFuelcanoftenbeisolated(saytoamainengine).However,thisrequirestimetotakeeffect,andthereareoftenotherflammablethingsalsoburningthatkeepthefiregoing.

oxygenAtseatheprimarymethodthathastobereliedontoputfiresoutissuffocation,orremovaloftheoxygen.Thisisdoneincombinationwithisolationoffuelsuppliesandcooling.

fire fatalities Mostpeoplewhodieinafiresuffocatefrominhalingsmokeorfiregases.Approximatelytwiceasmanypeopledieinthismannerthanthosewhoareburnt.

Vesselshaveavastrangeofmaterialsthatbecometoxicwhenburnt.Theseincludepaint,cables,mattresses,andeventhecontentsfromausedfireextinguisher.Thefumesfromsuchmaterials,aswellasthesmoke,arequicklyconcentratedwithintheconfinesofanyvessel.

Densesmokeandtoxicgasesmeanthereisnotmuchtimetofightafireonasmallervessel.

Youmustactfast.Ifthereistoomuchsmoke,trytosealthecompartmentandgetout!

putting out a fire

Onasmallvesselfiresmustbefoughtquicklybutsensibly.Youcanfightmostfiresonsmallvesselsifyoufollowthesesteps.

attempt to put out fire. raise alarm at same time. if unsuccessful:

Prevent spread by boundary cooling.

Wait for compartment to cool before re-entry.

Keep a close eye out for the fire re-flashing.

Stop fuel supply to fire if possible.

If a fixed fire fighting system is fitted USE IT! 6

4Stop oxygen supply by closing all openings to compartment.

Part One:SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS�0

attempt to put out the fire1. Useahose,extinguisher,fireblanket,orsmotherthefire.SeeSection2.5onfirefightingequipment

tofindouthowtousehoses,extinguishersandfireblanketscorrectly.

2. Crouchdownlowtominimisesmokeinhalationandtoprotectyourselfincaseafireballdevelops.

3. Ifyoucan’textinguishthefire,GETOUT.

Stop the oxygen supply to the fire – close down compartmentIfyoucan’textinguishthefire,youmustactquicklytoclosethecompartment.Yourgoalisstopallairgettingtothefiresotheoxygensupplywillrunout.

Thefollowingstepsareneeded:

4. Turnoffallventilationfanstothecompartment.

5. Closealldoorsandhatchestothecompartment.

6. Closeallventilationtrunkflapstopreventairgettingthrough.

7. Lookforsmokeescapingthroughanygapsorholesinbulkheads.Usefireblanketsornon-flammablematerialtostuffintotheholes.

Ifyoustopthesmokegettingoutandairgettingin,thefireshouldsuffocaterelativelyquickly.

Stop the fuel supply to fireFuelsuppliesfortheenginesareusuallyoutsidetheengineroom.

Ifthereisafireintheengineroom,youmightneedtoisolatethefuelsupply.Thisdecisionmustbemadebytheskipper.

Whenyoushutfuelsuppliestothemainengineorauxiliaryittakessometimetowork.Itwillhaveanimpactonvesselmanoeuvrability,speed,powerandfirefightingandpumpingcapabilities.

activate fixed fire fighting systemsSomevesselsmayhaveafixedfirefightingsystemfittedinareaswherefiresoftenoccur,egtheengineroomandgalley.MostofthesesystemsareCO2(carbondioxide).Someoftheoldervesselshavesystemscalledvaporisingliquid(BCF,Halon)fitted.Theseworkbycuttingtheoxygensupplytothefire.

if there is a fire in a compartment with one of these systems fitted, uSe it.

Beforeyouoperatethesystem:

8. Makesureallventilationisstoppedandallopeningsareclosed.Thiswillkeeptheextinguishingagentinthecompartment.

9. Ensureeveryoneisoutofthecompartment.

10.Shutdownasmuchmachineryaspossible.

11.Youonlyhaveoneshotatit,sogetitrightfirsttime.

prevent spread of fireSomevesselsarebuiltofflammablematerialssuchaswood.Closingdownawoodencompartmentmaynotstopthefirespreading.Onvesselsbuiltofsteel,rememberthatsteelconductsheatandthepaintsandliningsontheothersidecanstarttoignite.

Youmustmonitorheatinsurroundingcompartmentsand,iftheyarehot,startboundarycooling:

12.Monitortemperatureofsurroundingbulkheadswiththebackofthehand.

13.Dampendownhotspotswithdampspongeorhose.

14.Usewatersparingly.

15.Coverallsides.

16.Monitorfloodingfromboundarycoolingwaterandactivatepumpsaccordingly.

17.Don’tstopuntilwallsarecoolandyouaresatisfiedthefireisout.

re-entry into compartmentDon’tre-enterthecompartmenttoosoon.Allowittocooldownandkeepmonitoringthetemperatureofthesurroundingbulkheadsandthedeckabove.Waittwiceaslongasyouthinkisnecessary!

Whenyoudecidetoenterthroughthedoororhatchstayclearoftheopeningincasetherushofairre-ignitesthefire.

Allowsomeventilationbeforeyouenterastheremaybetoxicgaseswithinthecompartment.

Moveintothecompartmentanddampendownhotspots.Breakdownburntrubbleandensureitiscompletelycool.

re-flash watchFiresoftenre-ignite.Checkeveryhourafterafirehasbeenextinguished,untilyouaresureitwillnotre-ignite.

2.5 FIREFIGHTINGEqUIPMENT

extinguishersMostextinguishersidentifywhattypeoffiretheyareusedfor:

• ClassA

• ClassB

• ClassC

• ClassE

• ClassF.

Makesureyouusethecorrectextinguisherforthejob.Theseareexplainedbelow:

class a class B class c class e class f

WoodPaperPlastics

Flammableandcombustibleliquids

Flammablegases Electricallyenergisedequipment

Cookingoilsandfats

foam extinguishers – class a and class B firesFoamextinguishersaregoodforfuelandoilfires.Theycanalsobeusedonwood,paperandfishbins(plastic).

Trytodirectthefoamontoaverticalsurfacebehindthefire.Thefoamthenrunsdownandsmothersthefirefrombehind.

Anotherwayistospraythefoamfromadistancesothatitdropstheliquidontothefire.

Foamismoreeffectiveonliquidfireswhentheliquid(fueloroil)iscontained.foam should not be used on electrical fires.

dry powder extinguishers – class B, c, e and f firesDrypowderextinguishersareparticularlygoodforfuelandoilfiressuchasabilgefireinavessel’sengineroom.Thedrypowderextinguishestheflamesandisquickeractingthanfoam.Drypowderextinguishersalsodealmoreeffectivelywithlargeareasofflame.

Drypowderisnon-conductivesocanbeusedwherethereisariskofelectricshock.

Directthedrypowderinasweepingmotiontothefrontedgeoftheflames.Thenworkitbacktothefaredgeoftheflamesinasweepingmotion.

Bewareofusingdrypowderextinguishersinaconfinedspaceastheircontentsreactwiththefireandproducetoxicgases.

Note:Thedrypowdersmothersthefirebuthasnocoolingaction.Oncetheinitialfirehasbeenextinguisheditmayhavetobecooledwithwater.

carbon dioxide (co2) extinguishers – class B, c, e and f firesCO2extinguishersarealsogoodforfuelandoilfires.Carbondioxideisquickeractingthanfoam.Theseextinguishersarebetterforfiresthatmayspreadtolargerareas.

CO2extinguishersdonotleavearesidueordepositandtheywillnotdamageotherequipmentinthevicinityofthefire.

CO2canbeusedonelectricalfires.

Whenused,theCO2shouldbedirectedinasweepingmotionstartingfromthefrontedgeoftheflamesworkingitbackovertheflames.

CO2hasnocoolingaction.Oncetheinitialfirehasbeenextinguisheditmayhavetobecooledwithwater.

vaporising liquid (Bcf, Btm, cBm) extinguishers – class B and class c firesThesearenolongersuitableforuseastheycannotbeservicedduetotherequirementsoftheOzoneLayerProtectionAct1996.Theseshouldbereplacedwithanalternativeextinguishersuitableforthemostlikelyuse.

fire blanketsThereshouldbeafireblanketonboardwhichyoucanuseonsmallfires,egacookingoilfire.Fireblanketsaremadeoffireproofmaterial.Carefullythrowtheblanketoverthefiretosmotherit.

Fireblanketsarealsogoodtowraparoundpeoplewhoareonfire.

hydrants, hoses and nozzlesMostfiresonboardvesselsinvolveliquidfuelofsomedescription.Ifyouspraywateronafuelfire,itcanspread.

Somesolidfuel(ClassA)firesdoneedtobeextinguishedwithwater.Forexample,amattresshasporousbutthickconstruction.Whenamattressisonfireanextinguisherwillputouttheflames,butthemattressneedstobesoakedwithwatertoputouttheinternalburningmaterial.

Ifyoumustuseahosemakesurethespray/jetnozzleisattached.Alwayshitthefirewithasprayratherthanajetofwater.Thiswilltendtosmothertheflamesratherthanspreadtheliquidfuel(andfire)everywhere.Itwillalsogivetheusermoreprotectionfromtheheatorfireballifonehasdeveloped.

Onsmallervessels,thedeckhoseisalsooftenusedasthefirehose.However,thenozzleisoftentakenoffthehose,whichmakesithardertouseforfirefighting.

Largervesselsoftenhaveadedicatedfirehoseordedicatedfirehydrant.

Thisequipmentisvitallyimportantforthecoolingoperationsduringafireonboard.Inparticular,aspray/jetnozzlewillminimisethewaterbeingusedaswellasensureitopensasaspray,whichpreventsajetofwaterbeinginadvertentlysprayedintotheseatofafire.

Takecareofyourhoses,makesureyouhaveonefittedwithaspray/jetnozzleatalltimes.Youshouldregularlychecktomakesurethenozzleworks.

Rememberfirefightingwaterfromthehoseaffectsvesselstability,soitmustbedrained/pumpedoutoncethefireisout.

fixed fire fighting systemsSomevesselswillhaveafixedfirefighting(dedicatedextinguishing)systemfittedintheirengineroom.Thesystemwillhaveanextinguisherbottleandnozzlesaroundthecompartmenttospraytheextinguisheraround.

Thesesystemscanbeautomaticallytriggeredbyadetectingsensorormanuallyoperated.Analarmsoundsbeforethevapourorgasisreleasedtoallowpeopletoevacuatethecompartment.

Tolookafterthesesystems:

• leavethespraynozzlesthewaytheywereinstalled

• sealthecompartmentbeforeyouoperatethesystem

• makesurethesesystemsareregularlycheckedbyserviceagentscertifiedtoperformthetask.

fire pumpTherearearangeofdifferentfirepumpsondifferentvessels.Somevesselshaveapoweredpumpdrivenfromthemainengine,othershaveahand-operatedpump.Alloftheseeffectivelygetwatertothesiteofthefire.Remember,thewaterismostlyusedtocoolthearearatherthantofighttheflames.

fire equipment signsSignsmustbeusedtohighlightthelocationofequipmentandtoshowhowtheequipmentoperates.Signsareusuallyprovidedbyequipmentsuppliers.

Don’tthrowtheseawayonthebeliefthat“everyoneknowshowtouseit”!

Makesuretheventilationflapsandfanswitchesthatneedtobeturnedoffinafirearealsowellmarked.

legal requirementS

TherequirementsforfireappliancestobeheldonboardarecontainedinMaritimeRulesPart40A,40CandPart42B.Thecapacity,typeandnumberrequiredallvarydependingonvesselsizesoitpaystocheckontheserules.

the earlier you get warning of a fire the faster you can respond.

Smokeorheatdetectionisnotrequiredonsmallvessels.

Vesselswithlesscrewmaybelesslikelytonoticesmokewhiletheyareattendingtotheirduties.

Itisrecommendedthatcommonbattery-operatedhomesmokedetectorsshouldbefittedonsmallervessels.

Firedetectorscomeinmanyformsbutoperateeitherbydetectingexcessiveheatorbydetectingsmoke.Smokedetectorsarenormallymoresensitivethanheatdetectorsbutarenouseiftherearelotsoffumes.

if an alarm keeps going off – find out why and fix it!

2.6 FIREDETECTIONEqUIPMENT

SAFETY IN VESSELS

3.1 GENERALSAFETY

housekeepingThissectioncoverssuggestionsforkeepingyourvesseltidyandhazardfree.

• Cleanupslipperydecks.

• Mopupspillsassoonaspossible.

• Secureloosegearoffthedeck.Noropesorlinesshouldbeleftstrewnondeck.

• Keepdecksasclearaspossibleatalltimes.

• Keepequipment,ropesandladderstiedorstowedupoffthedeck.

• Heavyobjects(blocks)usedaloftshouldnotbeleftlooseorswinging.

• Ropeoffanybreaksinthedeck.Maketheropevisiblebytyingragstoitandtieitataheightsopeopleseeitanditdoesnotturnintoatripwire.

• Waterhosesshouldbecoiledandhungonbrackets.

• Hatchcoversshouldbeneatlypiledoutofpassagewayswhenthehatchesareopen.

• Hatchesshouldnotbeleftpartiallyopenedorconcealedwithatarpaulin.

• Suppliescarriedondeckshouldbecovered(ifnecessary)andsecurelylashed.

• Makesurescuppersarenotblockedbyequipment,toolsordebris.Blockedscupperscanposeaserioushazard,especiallyinroughseas.

• Stowitemsatmaindecklevelorbelow.Donotstowheavyitemshighonthevessel,asitwillaffectthecentreofgravitymakingthevesselunstable.

• Alwaysplacecargoontimbertoallowdrainageunderneath.

• Donotstoregearinpassageways.Keepwalkways,passagesandwaistsclear.

• Storesharpobjectsinthegalleyorondecksafely.

• Cleanragsshouldbekeptinaboxorlocker.Dirtyragsshouldbedisposedofinmetalcontainerswithlids.

• Keepquartersneatandorderly.

• Fireextinguishersshouldbeproperlylocatedandneverusedascoatracks.

• Keepabolt,wirecutterorknifeonboardtocutlinesorgearthatistangledorneedstobecutawayquickly.

• Donothangunattendedtowelsorwashclothsabovethestovetodry.

• Degreasefiltersandstoveventilationtrunkingregularly.

• Clearlylabelledproductsandequipmentreducetheriskofmistakes.Forexamplemixingincorrectchemicals,usingthewrongoil,orturningthewrongswitchoff.

personal safetyThissectioncoverssuggestionsforkeepingyourselfsafeandhazardfree.

• Alwayswearprotectiveclothinginworkareas.

• Alwayswearpersonalfloatationequipmentonboard.

• Neverstandinabightofropeorwire.Itcouldtightensuddenlyandcauseaseriousinjury.

• Becarefulwhereyouputyourfeet,especiallywherewiresorropesaremovingalongthedeck.

• Usethecorrecttooltoclearalinefromasheaveorblock.Don’triskcrushingyourfingers.

• Watchyourhead.Don’tstandunderaload,orinareaswhereoverheadequipmentmayswingandcauseseriousinjury.

• Keepyourhardhatonatalltimeswhenworkingwithoverheadequipmentorslungloads.

• Stowheavygearinanaccessibleareaso“twisting”,orstrainonthebody(particularlytheback)toaccessit,isminimal.

• Stayfit.Workingonvesselscanbeaphysicaljob.

• Dostretchesbeforeyoustartwork.

Safe use of knivesKnivesareusedformanytasksatseaandareextremelyhazardousitems,particularlywhentheyareusedonanunstableplatformsuchasavessel.

• Knivesmustbehandledwithcareatalltimes.

• Whenusingaknifeconcentrateonwhatyouaredoing.

• Selectthecorrectknifefortheworkyouaredoing.

• Don’tleavekniveslyingaroundinworkareas.Stowtheminasheathorrackwhennotinuse.

• Takecarewhenpassingknivestoanothercrewmember.

• Holdtheknifebythehandleandpointittowardsthedeckwhenyouwalkormove.

• Cleanknivesseparatelyfromotheritems.

• Alwaysstowyourknifeifyouneedyourhandsforanothertask(evenwhenit’sonlyonehand).

• Knifehandlesshouldbesecureandfixedrigidlytotheblade.Ifthehandleisloosetightenit,orreplacetheknife.

• Keepthehandlesdryandclearofgreaseandoils.Wipethemregularlywitharag.

• Keeptheknifesharp.

• Whenusingaknifetheactionshouldalwaysbeawayfromyourbodyandyourhand.Theknifebladeshouldbeangledawayfromtheworkandsoawayfromthefingers.Keepoutofrangeofothercrew.

• Don’tattempttocatchafallingknife.Leaveittofall.Thenyoucanpickitupsafelyandcleanit.

3.2 PERSONALPROTECTIVE EqUIPMENTAND APPROPRIATECLOTHINGappropriate clothingThinksensiblyabouttheclothesyouandyourcrewweartosea,andrememberyourpersonalprotectiveequipment(safetygear).

• Wearclose-fittingclothing,whichislesslikelytobecaughtinmachinery.

• Wearcottonorwoolincasethereisafireoryoufalloverboard.

• Keeplonghairtuckedunderahatortiedback.

• Avoidwearingringsandotherjewellery.

• Weargoodnon-slipfootwear.

personal protective equipment (safety gear)Allcrewmembersshouldhavethefollowingpersonalprotectiveequipment(safetygear)towear:

1. Safety boots/gumboots/boatshoes Safetyboots,gumboots,orboatshoesshouldbewornatalltimesondeckandinmachineryspaces.

Makesurethesolesofyoursafetybootsarestillingoodcondition.Yourfavouritebootsmaybecomfortableafteryearsofwear,butifthesolesaretoosmoothyoucouldslipandfall.

2. Safety helmets Safetyhelmetsmustbewornwhenloadsarebeingslung.

3. hearing protection Earmuffsmustbeworninengineroomspacesaswellasinanyothercompartmentwhereanoisy

machineisrunning.

4. eye protection Weargoodqualityprotectiveeyewearwhenthereisariskthatyoucouldgetsomethinginyoureyes.

Alwaysweareyewearwhengrindingorcutting.

5. lifejackets Alwayswearapersonalfloatationdevice(lifejacket)whenworkingondeckorattimesof

heightenedrisk.

6. gloves Glovesshouldbeappropriateforthehazardsthewearermayencounter,egrubbergloveswhen

handlingchemicals.Glovesshouldfitsnuglyatthewristsbutpermitfreemovementofthefingers.

7. high visibility vests Alwayswearahighvisibilityvestwhenworkingoncargodecksorduringcargooperations.

3.3 MACHINEGUARDS

Nooneintentionallyputstheirhandintoachainsprocket,ormovingmachinery.Guardsaretheretoprotectyouifyourattentionslipsorthevesselrollssuddenly.

action points!

• Neverremovecoverswhilemachineisinoperation.Thisincludeswhenclearingblockages.Ifyoumustremovecoversforcleaningormaintenance,makesurethemachineisisolatedandtagged,ortappedoff.

• Alwaysreplaceguards.Neveroperatethemachinewiththecoversorguardsoff.

• Neverbypassorshortcircuitsafetycut-outswitches.

3.4 ISOLATIONPROCEDURES

Whensomeoneisgoingtoworkonhydraulic,fuel,waterorelectricalsystems:

the system must be isolated before work begins, and should not be restarted until work has finished.

Isolatingthesystemmakesitsafertoworkonandmeansthereisamuchlowerchanceof:

• electrocution

• oilorfuelspillsintothesea

• afirestarting

• equipmentdamage.

Itistheskipper’sresponsibilitytomakesuresystemsareisolated.Legally,thisresponsibilitycannotbedelegatedtocontractors.Itisalwaystheskipperwhoisresponsibleforthesafetyofallworkersonboardthevessel.

Ifthereisanenvironmentalincident,egafuelspill,particularlyonethatcouldhavebeenavoidedbyisolation,theownerandskippers,aswellasthecontractor,canallbefoundresponsible.

action points!

1. Turnthesupplyofftotheequipmentthatisgoingtobemaintained.

Youcanthen:

2. Putapieceoftapeacrossitandwrite“DoNotTurnOn”andyournameonit.

3. Useadesignedtag-outcard.

Beforerestartingequipment:

• Beforeremovinganytag,checkwiththepersonwhosenameisonthetagortapethatworkhasbeencompletedandthatitissafetooperate.

• Alwayscheckyourselfthatthesystemlookssafetooperateafterithasbeenworkedon.

• Ifacontractorcomesonboardformaintenanceworkwhenthecrewarenotthere,isolatethesystembeforeyouleave.

3.5 HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCES (DANGEROUSGOODS)

Hazardoussubstanceshavedangerousproperties.Asubstanceishazardousifithasoneormoreoftheseproperties:

• explosive

• flammable

• oxidising

• corrosive

• toxictopeople

• ecotoxic(toxictotheenvironmentortoanimalsandplants).

Whenasuppliersellsahazardoussubstance,ithastobelabelled.

When using hazardous substances:• Keepproductsinapropercontainer.

• Readthelabel.

• Makesurelabelsaren’tdamagedandcanbeeasilyread.

• Keepdatasheetsonfileonboard.

• Cleanupspillsquickly.

• Storecontainersinasecure,dryandventilatedlocationwheretheywon’tbedamaged.

• Disposeofcontainersandcontentssafely.Donotpourintotheseaordrainsanddonotburncontainers.

• Takegreatcarewiththeseproductsandonlytakethebareminimumtosea!

• Thesuppliersoftheseproductsmustprovideyouwithdatasheetsdetailing:

– thetypeofhazarditis

–whattypeofharmitcancause

–howtopreventithappening

–howto,orhownotto,disposeoftheproduct

–whatotherchemicalsnottostorewiththeproduct.

assistance is available on:0800 poiSon or 0800 764 766

legal requirementS

TherequirementsforcarryingdangerousgoodsonboardarecontainedinMaritimeRulesPart24A.

Liftinggearonboardavesselincludesderricks,booms,cranes,rigginggear,riggingandcargoramps.Itincludesbothfixedandportablecomponents(ieeyes,shacklesandblocks).

Thisgearissubjecttotheelementsandcanhavelargeforcesexertedonit.Inspectliftinggearregularlyandkeepitwellmaintained.

Makesurethegearfittedisofthecorrectsizeandcapacitytodothejobsafely.

carry out inspections to check that:• Theeyesoftheliftinggearhaven’telongated.

• Shacklesandpinsaren’twornbeyondsafeworkinglimits.

• Therearesafetychainsattachedtoblocks.

• Theblocksheavesarenotworn.

• Thewireisnotshowingsignsofwear(iefraying,crimpedorrusting).

• Thepinsandbushesinblocksarerunningsmoothlyandthereisnottoomuchmovementbetweenthem.

upkeep pointsMaintainequipmentregularlyby:

• keepingmovingpartswelllubricatedwithsaltwaterresistantgrease

• keepingpaintonexteriorofblocksandhangingeyesingoodcondition

• lubricatingwireregularly

• keepingarecordofallmaintenanceundertakenongear.

operation points• Makesureallpersonnelinvolvedinliftingandslingingoperationsbothatseaandalongside

knowthecorrectsignals.

• Makeallmovementssmoothandgradual.

• Avoidsuddenshocksorstrainsandbewareofsidepulls.

• Avoiddangerouspositions,egsteppingonatautmooringlineorstandinginabightorstandinginthe“lineofpull”ofatautropeorcablethatmightgiveway.

• Neverwalkorstandunderaload.

• Keepyourloadwithinthesafeworkingloadlimit.

• Remembertheloadmaybelowbuttheforceiswheretheloadisslungfrom.this affects stability.• Stayoutfromunderboomsandcraneswhileliftingoperationsareinprogress.

• Avoidswingingaload.

• Attachsteadylinestoheavyorunwieldyloads.

• Don’tstandbetweentheloadandfixedobjects.

• Wearhardhatsandsafetyshoes.

legal requirementS

TherequirementsforliftinggearcanbefoundinMaritimeRulesPart49.

3.6 LIFTINGGEAR

3.7 PORTABLEELECTRICTOOLS

When using portable electric tools• Alwaysusetoolswithresidualcurrentdevice(RCD)protection.

• Inspectthetoolbeforeyouuseit.Checkfordamageeithertothecordortoinsulationonthebodyofthetool.Ifthereisanydamage,donotusethetoolandgetanelectriciantorepairitattheearliestopportunity!

tipS for SkipperS

• Setuparegulartestperiodforportableelectrictools.UsetheSSMsystemtoorganisethis.

• Getanelectriciantotestallyourportabletools.Thesetestsmustberepeatedatregularintervals(discusswiththeelectrician).

• Keeplogsofalltesting.Thelogcanbekeptinasimplenotebook,orsomeelectricalcontractorswillkeeptherecordsforyou.

3.8 WORKINGDECKSURFACES

Maintaintheanti-skidpropertiesofthedeckcoatingandkeepitfreeofhazards.

action points!

1. maintain the deck coating so it is anti-skid Crewneedtobesureoftheirfootingwhileworkingondeck.Makesureagooddoseofsandorgrit

isthrownontopofthelastcoatofpaint,orsomeothergriptreadisappliedtothedeck.

2. replace deck gratings Ifmaintenanceworkhasrequiredthedeckplatesorgratingstoberemoved,replacethemassoon

aspossible.Fastenthemproperlysotheedgesandcornersdon’triseupabovethedecklevel.

3.9 VENTILATION

Smallvesselsoftenhavesmall,confinedspaces.Theairinthesespacescanbecomeverystagnantoverashortperiodoftime.Thiscanbeahealthrisktocrewworkingandlivinginthesespaces.

helpful tips

1. regularly clean ventilation fans, grills and filters (if fitted) Thesealltrapdirt.Thedirtcanbecomeafirerisk,itcanreducethequalityandamountofairbeing

suppliedandshortenthelifeoffanmotors.

2. regularly check ventilation gaps and grills Iftherearesmallventilationgapsorgrillsatthebottomofthedoor,checkthemregularlytomake

suretheyareclear.

3. regularly maintain shutters and flaps Rememberinthecaseofafire,thecompartmentmustbeabletobecloseddown.Regularlygrease

theseandmovethemthroughtheirarc-of-travel.

3.10 LIGHTING

• Lightingshouldbefitforpurpose.

• Changelightbulbs,lampsandtubesassoonastheyfail.

• Keepdiffusersandreflectorsonlightfittingsclean.

• Replaceswitches,diffusersandreflectorsiftheygetdamaged.

• Regularlytestemergencylighting.

• Regularlycheckthebatterysupplyingtheemergencylighting.

• Lightingshouldallowpeopletomovearoundthevesselwitheaseanddotheirworksafely.Inaccommodationareas,lightingshouldallowpeopletoread.

night lighting at seaAtnight,nightvisionisofgreatimportancetocrewwhoaremovingaroundondeckoronwatchonthebridge.

Ifyouaresurroundedbywhitelightyournightvisionisseriouslyimpaired.

Rulestoimprovenightvision:

• Keepwhitelightingatseatoaminimum.Brightwhitelightwillpreventyoufromseeingobjectsaheadofyouatnight.

• Onthebridgeofanyvesselnightlighting(blueorred)shouldbeusedtoworkwithlogsandcharts.

• Donotusewhitedecklightingforwardofthebridge.

3.11 ROPESANDMOORINGLINES

Allropessecuringaloadneedtobesafe.

action points!

• Usetheappropriatestrengthropefortheload.

• Iftheloadisdangerous,heavyorexpensive–doubleup.

• Stowropesandlinesupoffthedeck(ifpractical).

• Stowropesandlinesinsuchawaythatiftheyarewet,theywilldry.

• Regularlycheckropesforfrayingorcutsanddiscardiftheyaresignificantlydamaged.

• Don’tbendlargeropestootightly.

• Neverstandwherearecoilingropemaystrikeyou.

3.12 BOARDINGAND DISEMBARKING

Gettingonandoffavesselisawkward.Thevesselsizeandthetidaldropcansometimesmakeitdifficulttouseagangway.

Sometimescreworpassengershavetostepontothevesseldirectlyfromthewharfside.Itisimportantthatembarkinganddisembarkingisdoneinthesafestmanner.

don’t take risks when boarding and disembarking.

action points!

• Setmooringlinessothevessellaysparalleltothewharfanddoesnotswingtoomuch.

• Useagangwaywheneverpossible.

• Secureladdersorgangwaystothevessel.

• Buildpermanenthandrails/stepsonsideofvesselifpractical.

• Onpassengervessels,acrewmembershouldalwaysstandnearthegangwaytoassistpassengers.

3.13 KEEPINGTHEVESSEL WATERTIGHT

Floodingcanoccuronavesselasaresultofanincidentatsea.Floodingcanalsohappenwhenavesselisalongside.

Thereareanumberofstepsyoucantaketoreducetheriskofaflood.Therearealsothingsyoucandotoreducethedamagethatafloodwouldcause.

action points!

• Keepwatertightopeningclipsanddogswellgreasedandingoodworkingorderatalltimes.

• Keepallbilgeandportablepumpsmaintained.Checkoperationbeforesailingeachtrip.

• Makesurebilgesareclearofragsanddebristhatmayblockpumps.

• Whenleavingthevessel,ensureallseacocksnotrequiredforcoolingrunningequipmentareshutoff.

• Ensureyourcollisionbulkheadoranyotherwatertightbulkheadisnotcompromisedbydrillingholestoinstallcablingorpipe-work.Makesuretheappropriatethroughbulkheadwatertightglandorfittingisused.

3.14 ESCAPEROUTES

Thingshappenextremelyquicklyatseaandoftenacompartmentwillhavetobeevacuatedrapidly.Evacuationofcrewandpassengersisoftendifficultbecausethevesselismoving.Flooding,fireandsmokemakeitevenhardertogetout.Itisimportantthatfurtherobstaclesarenotputinthewayofthepersonescaping,whetheritisaphysicalobstruction,ortheperson’slackofknowledgeaboutthevessel.

Onsomevessels,largercompartmentshavetwoexits.Oftenthealternativeescaperouteisnotusedmuch,andendsupwiththingsobstructingit.Crewandpassengerscouldbeovercomebysmokeortheycoulddrownbecausetheycannotescapethroughblockedexits.

action points!

• Everyladderanddooronthevesselshouldbetreatedasapossibleescaperoute.

• Keepallopeningsclearandunobstructedatalltimes.Thisincludesthepassageleadingtothem.

• Regularlyopenandclosealternativeescaperoutehatchesanddoorstoensureallclipsandhingesareworkingfreelyfrombothsides.

• Exitsshouldbemarkedwithiridescentsignsbothateyelevelandatgroundlevel.

• Keepladdersleadinguptoescapehatchesclear(iedonotusethemasaropeortoolstowage).

• Showcrewandpassengerswherealternativeescaperoutesarefromallcompartmentswhentheyarriveonboard.Thisshouldformpartofpassengersafetybriefingsbeforesailing.

3.15 MACHINERYSTOPS

Therewillbeanumberofmachinerystopsaroundanyvesselonwinches,cranes,windlassesandconveyorsandotherpiecesofmachinery.Somemachinesarefittedwithremoteemergencystopssotheycanbeshutdownfromanotherarea.Manystopsareinstalledforsafetypurposessothatmachineryautomaticallystopsifhazardouspartsbecomeexposedbytheremovalofasafetycoverorguard.

Stopsmaybeinmanyformsincludingvalves,levers,switches,micro-switches,electronicsensorsorbuttons.

action points!

• Donotbypassanymachine’sstopbutton,even“justforashorttime”.

• Makesureallstopswitches,leversandbuttonsareclearlylabelledinred.Labelsorsignsshouldbelarge,cleanandbright.

• Crewmustbeshownwhereemergencystopbuttonsarepositionedincludingequipmenttheymaynotberesponsibleforoperating.

• Keepallstopbuttonsandleversfreefromobstruction.

• Checkoperationofstoparrangementsregularly.Ifthereisaremoteemergencystopbutton,useittoshutthemachinerydownoccasionallytoproveitisworking.

3.16 FUELLINGSAFETY

Fuellingavesselisapotentiallydangeroussituation.Peopleonthevesselorintheareaareatrisk.Theenvironmentcouldbedamagedbyafuelspill.

Alwaystakecarewhenrefuelling.

action points!

• Makesureeveryoneonboardknowsyouarefuelling.

• Makesureeveryoneknowstherecanbenosmokingduringthefuellingoperation.

• Makesurecrewandcontractorsarenotdoinganywelding,gascuttingorotherhotworkonornearthevessel.

• HoistflagBRAVOsovesselspassingknowyouarefuelling.

• Keepconstantcommunicationwiththetankerattendant.

• Makesureyouattachbagsorcontainersunderallventssospillsareminimised.

• Keepawatchondeckthroughouttheoperation.

• Keepanoilspillkitnearyouduringtheoperation.

• Blockscuppers.

• Thereshouldbenopassengersonboardduringfuellingoperations.

3.17 GENERALTRAINING

Peopleinkeypositionsonthevesselmusthavetheappropriatequalifications.Trainingisanongoingrequirement,becauseallvesselsandtheirequipmentaredifferentandpeopleforgetthings.

Don’tfallintothetrapofbelievingtrainingistooexpensiveoryouhaven’tgottime.Downtimeandmedicalcostsareexpensivetoo.

Theleveloftrainingwillvarywitheachcrewmembers’experienceandcapability.

Experiencedcrewwillonlyrequireinductiontrainingrelatingtotheoperationandlocationofequipmentonanewvessel.Inexperiencedcrewmemberswillneeddetailedandongoingtrainingtolearntheappropriateskills.

action points!

• Neverletcrewmembersoperateequipmentuntiltheyhavebeentrainedandtestedandcanoperateitcompetently.

• Giveallnewcrewmembersinductiontraining.

• Recordalltraining.Theexampleofaninductionchecklistthatfollowsispracticalforsmallvessels.Itservestoremindthepersontrainingthenewcrewmemberofeverythingthatshouldbecovered.Keeprecordsofcompletedtraining.Theserecordswillprovideanaudittrailtoshowthatthetrainingwasdone.Ifyouoryourcrewhaveanaccidentyoumayneedthisevidence.

Anexampleinductiontrainingrecordsheetisonthefollowingpage.

for further informationThereisalargerangeofcoursesavailablefromvarioustrainingsuppliersaroundNewZealand.ContactCompetenzIndustryTrainingon08002SKILL(0800275455)formoreinformation.

eXample:induction training record Note:Thechecklistbelowisnotcompleteandisprovidedtoindicatetheconceptonly.Adaptittoincludetrainingforyourvessel-specificequipment.

induction training record for fv coStalottraining task date trainer name/sig trainee name

muster stations–Soundalarm.Explainactionrequiredforfire,manoverboard,abandonship.

1/4/07 J Boggs JFB

Terry Tee TT

life raft–Showlocationandexplainexpirydateandhydrostaticreleasearrangement.

1/4/07 J Boggs JFB

Terry Tee TT

epirB–Showlocationandexplainexpirydateandhydrostaticreleasearrangement.

1/4/07 J Boggs JFB

Terry Tee TT

lifejackets–Showstowageandexplainlightbatteryexpirydate.

1/4/07 J Boggs JFB

Terry Tee TT

engine room ventilation–Showhowengineroomventilationisshutoffinthecaseofanemergency.Showventilationflapsthatmustbeclosed.

1/4/07 J Boggs JFB

Terry Tee TT

anchor and cable–Explainandoperatewindlass.Explaindangersinvolved.Explainandsecure“deadmansclaw”.Operatethebrakes.

24/7/07 Ian Heart IH

Terry Tee TT

cable lockers–Showandexplaindangers.

Terry Tee TT

Winches–Explainoperatingprocedures.Toolstobeused.Explaindangersassociatedwithworkingwithwireandsafepracticesthatmustbeadheredto.

Terry Tee TT

3.18 TRIPPLANNING/ PRE-SAILINGCHECKLIST

Animportantpartofplanningyourtripisknowingwhathappensonlandifthingsgowrongatsea:

• Makesuresomeoneonlandknowswhereyouareheading,howlongyou’llbeaway,howmanypassengersareonboard(ifappropriate)andwhenyouaredueback.

• Setuparegular(every24hours)communication/contactschedule(cellphone/vesselradio)withsomeoneonlandormaritimeradio.

• Haveaplaninplaceforthepersononlandtofollowifyoumissascheduledcontactorarelongerthanexpectedatsea.

Remember:itisbestthatsomeoneknowsyourintendedplan(evenifthischanges)ratherthannoonenoticingyouaremissing.

Before leaving port, your vessel must be ready and capable to travel:• Thevesselmustbeseaworthy.Itmustbewatertightandequipmentmustbesecured.

Vesselstabilityisimprovediffuelandwatertanksarefull,theboomisdown,andweights(suchascargo)arekeptlow.

• Allcargo,fuelcontainersandothersuppliesmustbesafelystoredandsecured.

• Thevesselmustbesecurelyandsafelyloaded.

• Considerationmustbegiventocurrentandforecastweatherconditions.

Beforesailing,checktheessentialitemsandequipmenteverytime.TheseareincludedinyourSSMmanualorlogs.Anexamplepre-sailingchecklistisshownonthefollowingpage.

eXample:pre-sailing checklist

navigation gear

Compassoperatingandremoteindicatoraligned Yes No

Radaroperating Yes No

Depthsoundertested Yes No

Necessaryupdatedchartsonboard Yes No

Navigationlightsalloperatinginnormalandbackupmodes Yes No

Deckandcabinlightworking Yes No

GPSworking Yes No

Weatherfaxworking Yes No

Radiocheckcompleted Yes No

Newmembersshownbasicsafetyequipment Yes No

Musterlistupdated Yes No

Watertankfilled Yes No

Foodonboardandstowedaway Yes No

passengers

Briefing Yes No

POB Yes No

Reportedashore(SARcontactperson) Yes No

electrical

Batteriescheckedforwaterlevelandcharge Yes No

Decklightingchecked Yes No

engine room

Oilandwaterlevelschecked Yes No

Belttensionschecked Yes No

Fuellevelcheckedandconfirmedadequatefortrip Yes No

Gearboxoilchecked Yes No

Steering

Steeringcheckedinnormalandemergencycontrol Yes No

Sterntubeoilchecked Yes No

emergency equipment

Liferaftfittedandsecuredproperlywithhydrostaticrelease Yes No

EPIRBinplace Yes No

Bilgealarmsworking Yes No

Bilgepumpschecked Yes No

Firstaidkithasbeenre-stocked Yes No

Flaresintheirstowage Yes No

Lifejacketsintheircorrectstowageandingoodorder Yes No

WATCHKEEPING

4.1 ORGANISINGTHE NAVIGATIONALWATCH

Thewatchkeeper’smainjobistoensurethesafenavigationofthevesselandtopreventit:

• runningaground

• collidingwithanothervesselormovingobject

• hittingarockorotherhazard.

it is a legal requirement that someone must be on watch at all times.

Inordertoavoidcollisionswithlandorafloatingobject,soundandprofessionalbridgewatchkeepingpracticesandproceduresmustbeputinplaceonallseagoingvesselsregardlessoftheirsize.

Informationandresourcesonwatchkeepingarewidelyavailable.Whiletheremaystillbetheoddunchartedrockaroundtheglobe,thecharts,radarsandothernavigationalaidsarenowverydetailedandreliable.

Thissectioncovers:

• thewatchkeeper’sjob

• usingtwomethodstocheckthevessel’sposition

• lookoutduties

• tipsforusingnavigationalequipment

• beingfitfordutyasawatchkeeper.

4.2 DUTIESANDRESPONSIBILITIES

the watchkeeper is directly responsible for the vessel and the lives of all those on board the vessel.

Thewatchkeepermustremainvigilantatalltimestoensurethesafetyofthevesselandallwhosailonboard.

Watchkeepingdutiesarerarelyperformedinidealconditions.Theweathermayberoughandmakeithardtodothejob.Evenwhentheweatheriscalmthewatchkeepercansometimesgetabitbored,andnotfocusonthejob.

two watchkeepers on boardIfpossible,itisagoodideatohavetwoqualifiedwatchkeepersatsea.

Vesseloperatorsshouldconsidertrainingalldeckhandsinwatchkeepingandencouragethemtositthemostbasicqualificationsothewatchkeepingdutiescanbeshared.

the three main jobs of the watchkeeper are:• Avoid collisionswithothervesselsorobjectseitherfloatingorsubmerged.

• Keep the vessel on trackandawayfromdangerouslandandrocksandonherintendedtrack.

• Manage the vessel on trackanditslogbooks,chartsandcommunications.Conductotherroutineandtrainingtasksprofessionally.

Theseareimportantresponsibilities.Navigationalwatchkeepersonallvessels(largeandsmall)havetobealertandaware–thevessel’ssafetydependsonthem.

good watchkeeping practices• Usemorethanonemethodtoconfirmyouractualposition.Usevisualfixing,radarfixingand

GPSregularly.

• Don’tbecomedistractedbypassengersorpassengercommentaries.

• Keeprecordsofincidents,seaconditionsandwatchchangesinthelogbook.

• Safenavigationshouldneverbecomesecondpriority.Evenwhenyouhavetoattendtooperationaldutiesandtakelongerbetweenfixes,completethoroughchecksbeforeyouleavethebridge.

• Keepyourselfactivethroughoutthewatch.Ifyouaremovingandworking,youarelesslikelytofallasleep.

• Donothaveatelevisioninthewheelhousearea.

• Ensurebyregularchecksthatyourownnavigationalequipment,particularlynavigationallights,areoperableandswitchedon(oroff)toindicatethevessel’smodeofoperations.

• Alwaysmaintainanchorwatches.Makesureyourpositionischeckedregularly.Inadverseweatherkeepabridgewatchwhileatanchor.

• Keepagoodlookout.Todothis:

– regularlygooutsideandscantheseaaroundthevessel

–usebinocularstoscanthehorizon

– regularlychecktheradarfornewcontacts

–keepnoteofthewaterdepthunderthevessel

– listenforsoundsthataredifferentorunusual

–checkthefaxesandradioforchangingweather

–makesureyouknowtheshapesandlightconfigurationsofdifferentsignals. Thiswillhelpyoutoknowwhatothervesselsaredoing.

• Itisveryimportanttoremainvigilant.Listenandlookforthingsthatmayendangerthevesselandthecrew.“Allavailablemeans”includesusingyournavigationalequipmentsuchasdepthsoundersandradarsthatprovidelookoutinformation

• Whenyoufinishyourwatch,conductagoodhandover.Explainwhathashappenedduringyourwatch.Pointoutthevessel’scurrentposition,intendedtrackandanyimmediatehazards.Tellthenextwatchkeeperaboutanyotherpointsofconcernyouhave.

legal requirementS

MaritimeRulesPart22statesthatvessels“mustatalltimesmaintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansintheprevailingcircumstances…”

4.3 NAVIGATIONALEqUIPMENT

navigational chartsChartsareanessentialnavigationaltool,andareespeciallyusefulwhenyouneedtoplotacourseforalongertrip.Chartsshouldbekeptup-to-dateatalltimes.Referto:www.linz.govt.nzforupdates.

Chartsshowdepths,hazards,landanddeviationfiguresforallnavigationalareas.

Evenifyouhaveelectronicchartsoftwareonyourvessel,keepinthehabitofusingthepapercharts.Ifapowerfailureorsurgecausesthecomputertofail,you’llstillbeabletoaccesstheinformation.

compassItisgoodpracticetogetintothehabitofusingthemagneticcompass.Ithelpsto:

• confirmelectronicdevicesareoperatingcorrectly

• showlessexperiencedwatchkeepersthetruepositionofhazardsonchartswhentheycalculatedeviationandvariationcorrectedheadings

• ensurethatwatchkeeperscanperformtheirdutiesifGPSandradarfail

• breakthemonotonyofthewatch.

radarTheradarsetonyourvesseliscriticalwhenvisibilityispoor,forexampleinpoorweather,fog,oratnight.Theradarwillalsooftenbethefirstindicatorthatthereissomethingsmallahead.

Thewatchkeepermustkeepaneyeontheradarsetatalltimes.Smallobjectsorvesselscanappearontheradarveryquickly.Thetimebetweentheradardetectingsomethingandthevesselcollidingwiththatthingcanalsobeveryshort.

Radarsneedtobecheckedregularly.Radarsdogetoutofsyncandmayneedtobecalibratedtogiveaccuratereadings.YoucancheckyourradaraccuracybycrosscheckingagainstvisualfixingandGPS.

action points!

• Ensuretherangeissetcorrectlyfortheoperationyouareperformingandtheassociatedhazardsinthearea.

• Makesurethegainandcluttersettingsaresetappropriatelyfortheweatherconditionsyouareworkingin.

• Rememberthemagnetroninyourradarhasafinitelifeandtheradar’sperformancewilldeterioratesoitisimportantthatyouhaveitcheckedandservicedregularly.

navigational lightingYourvessel’snavigationallightsshowotherswhereyouareandwhatyouaredoing.Atnight,infog,orinadverseweather,thelightswillbethefirstwarningothervesselsmayhaveofyourpresence.Navigationlightshelpothervesselsworkoutyourvessel’sapproximatecourseandindicateifyouaretowing,orcarryingoutotheractivities.

action points!

• Alwaysturntheappropriatelightsonandoff.

• Alwaysrunaquickvisualcheckthatthelightsareshiningafteryouhaveturnedthemon(youshoulddothisevenifyouhaveanalarmfitted).

ShapesShapesareusedduringdaylight.Theyshowthatyourvesselisperformingaspecifictask,suchasvesselnotundercommandorvesselatanchor.Thisindicatestoothervesselsthatyourmanoeuvrabilitymayberestrictedandtheyshouldgiveyouplentyofroom.Theshapesonothervesselstellyouwhattheyaredoing.

eyes and earsYoureyesandearsarethemostvaluablenavigationalaidsyouhave.Eventhoughyoumayhavegoodandreliabletechnology,whatyouseeandhearatseaisveryimportant.

• Keepbackgroundnoiseonthebridgetoaminimum(iestereos,CDs).

• Havethemaritimeradioon,andlistentoit.

• Regularlyputyourheadoutsidetolookoutandlisten.

• Listenforchangesofsound.

Weather faxes and broadcastsTheseprovidevaluableinformationabouttheenvironment.Getintoaroutineofusingorlisteningtothem.

depth soundersInshallowerwatersthedepthsounderprovidesusefulinformationthatyoucancomparewiththecharts.Ithelpstoclarifypositionaswellaswarnofanimmediatedangerofgrounding.

global positioning System (gpS)MostvesselshaveaGPSonboardnow.GPSisausefultool,butitmustnotbeusedasthesolenavigationaltool.

action points!

• GPScanbecomeinaccurateduetoelectronicorsatellitemalfunctions.

• GPSdoesnotshowothervessels’positionsorwarnofanimminentcollision.

• GPSdoesnotshowthevessel’spositionrelativetoadjacentshoreline.

• Youhaveothernavigationalaidsyoucanuse.

legal requirementS

MaritimeRulesPart22givesdetailsonthelightsandshapesallvesselsarerequiredtodisplay.

4.4 FITNESSFORDUTY

are you fit to be on watch?Thefollowingthingscanaffectyourabilitydoyourwork:

• ifyouaretiredorhaven’thadenoughsleep

• ifyouareundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcohol

• ifyouareillordrowsy

• ifyouarestressed

• ifyouhaveotherconcernsthatdistractyoufromthetask.

a person may not be fit for duty if they are:• moreirritableorbadtemperedthannormal

• anxious

• boredorlethargic

• lackingenergy.

if you do not think you are able to do watchkeeping duty effectively, you need to tell the skipper.

tipS for SkipperS

• Oftenthefirsttimeyoucanassessthatacrewmemberisfitorunfitfordutyiswhentheyappearinthewheelhousetotakeuptheirduty.Asyoudiscussthehandoverwatchforanysignsofstress,uncertainty,orfatigue.Ifyouthinkthepersonisunfitfordutyyoumusttactfullyrearrangethewatchtomakeitshorter,ordivertandanchorupforafewhoursifpossible.

• Keepyourvesselfreeofalcoholanddrugs.

• Afterbusyperiodsmakesureyoutakethetimetotalkinformallyandcasuallytothecrewandattempttoassess“howtheyarehandling”thepressure.

• Adjusttheplanningofyourwatchestosuittheworkload,areaofoperationsandthefitnessfordutyoftheindividuals.

• Checkthatlogentriesandchartshavebeencompletedproperlyandshoweachwatchkeeperiskeepingbusyandconductingtheirwatchinaprofessionalmanner.

legal requirementS

MaritimeRulesPart31requiresproceduresandsystemstobeputinplacebytheskipperandownerthatensuresthewatchkeeperisfitforduty.Italsorequirescrewmemberstoconsideriftheyarefitfortheirduty.

SAFETY IN MACHINERY SPACES

5.1 REFRIGERATIONSYSTEMS

Manysmallvesselsarefittedwithrefrigerationsystems.Refrigerantgasorliquid:

• ispoisonoustohumans

• affectsrunningmachinery

• isharmfultotheenvironmentifleaked.

Therearearangeofrefrigerantgasesusedandallarehazardous.Forthisreasonthesesystemshavetobewellmaintained.Crewneedtobeawareofthedangersandactionrequiredintheeventofaleak.

Inthepastchlorofluorocarbon(CFC)refrigerantsR-11,R-12andR-502werecommon.TheOzoneLayerProtectionAct1996meantthatCFCscouldnolongerbeusedinrefrigerationsystems.Newrefrigerationsystemsusemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyhydrochlorofluorocarbon(HFC)refrigerants.

Thesedays,themostcommonrefrigerantsusedonsmallvesselsareFreonR-22andFreon134a.Freonisactuallyatradename,sothenumberistheimportantidentifier.

refrigerant hazards• Freoncannotbeseenorsmelt.

• Freonisheavierthanairsoitwill“fall”andstaysittinginthebottomofcompartments.

• Freonisextremelyharmfulifitcomesintocontactwiththeeyes.

• Freonissuffocatingasitdisplacesair.

• IfyouinhalehighconcentrationsofFreon,itattacksthenervoussystem.

• WhenFreoncomesintocontactwithhotsurfacesandstartstoburn,itcangiveoffpoisonousgases.

• Freons,ifreleasedintotheair,maycauseenvironmentaldamage.Refrigerantsshouldneverbereleasedintotheatmosphere.Theymustbedrawnintothecondenser/receiverorintoaseparatecylinder.

• Mostrefrigerantsmixwithoilsooildrainedfromarefrigerationsystemmustbeclearlylabelledanddisposedofseparately.

• Refrigerantsmustnotbemixed.

Ifyoustartfeelingfaintordizzyasyouenteracompartment–don’tthinktwice–evacuate!

if a refrigerant leak occurs• Evacuatecompartmentimmediately.

• Soundalarm!Getcrewinanup-windposition.

• Ifleakisinengineroomshutdownmachinery.

• Turnvesselintowindifstillpossible.

• Donotentercompartmentwithoutventilatingitfirst.

remember:Freonsinkstothebottomofthecompartmentandisveryhardtoremove.TrytoforceairflowdownintothebottomofthecompartmenttoforcetheFreonupwards.

maintenance points

• Refrigerantpipesarelaggedandconstantlydamp.Thismeansthatpipecoatingsandsurfacescandeterioraterelativelyquickly.Checkpipesregularlyandmakesurethecoatingismaintained.

• Whereflexiblehosesareusedonlyuserefrigeranttoleranthoses.Trytoavoidusingflexiblehoseswhereverpossible.

• Maintainfittingssuchasvalvesandgaugesingoodorder.

• Markpipestoshowwhattypeofrefrigeranttheyhaveinthem.

• Refrigerantsaresuppliedinmetalcylinderswhichwillcorrodeinthesaltenvironment.Makesuretheseareleftindrystorage(preferablyashore).

5.2 COMPRESSEDAIRSYSTEMS

Somesmallervesselshaveacompressedairsystemonboard.Theseareoften“off-the-shelf”unitsfromthelocalhardwareshop.

Allcompressedairsystemshaveapressurisedbottlethatcontainsthehigh-pressureair.Thesemustbekeptinexcellentcondition.

action points!

• Alwayswearsafetyglasseswhenyouareusingcompressedair.

• Ifyouusecompressedairtodrysomething,neverpointthehosedirectlyattheobjectyouaredrying.

• Makesurewhateverthecompressedairisbeingusedonissecure.

• Neverusecompressedairasanairsupplyforbreathing.

• Neverusecompressedairnearhotwork,ieweldingandgascutting.

• Donotusecompressedairtocleanordryclothingwhileyouarestillwearingit.

maintenance points

• Airstoragebottlesmustbekeptinacleananddrycompartment.

• Thepaintcoatingonthebottlemustbekeptingoodcondition.

• Fittings,gauges,valvesandreliefvalvesmustbekeptingoodconditionwithregularmaintenance.

• Hosesusedonportableairequipmentmustberegularlycheckedfordamageandreplacediffound.

• Airbottlesmustbefirmlysecuredtothevesselandtestedregularly.

5.3 GASCYLINDERSAND INSTALLATIONS

Vesselcookingsystemsareusuallysmall.Theycanbeverydangerousifnotinstalled,maintainedandoperatedsafely.LPGisoftenusedonboardvesselsforcooking.

action points!

• Alwaysturngasoffimmediatelyafteruse.

• Bottles,regulatingandreliefvalvesmustbeinstalledoutside.

• Bottles,valves,pipelinesandhosesmustbeprotectedfromphysicaldamageandkeptoutofdirectsunlight.

• AbidebytheNewZealandStandardforinstallationandmaintenanceofLPGcylindersonboatsandcaravans.

• Thespaceinwhichthegasisbeingusedshouldbewellventilated.Runthefansbeforeignition.

• LPGisheavierthanairsowillsettleinthelowerregionsofthecompartment.

• Agasdetectorshouldbefitted.

• Haveallrepairsandmaintenancedonebyaqualifiedgas-fitter.

5.4 ELECTRICALSYSTEMS

Allvessels,whetherlargeorsmall,havenumerouselectricalsystemsfittedincludingcrucialalarmandnavigationalequipment,aswellasbatterysystems.

Electricalsystemsthatarebadlyoperatedorpoorlymaintainedcan:

• black-outthevesselrenderingitwithoutsteerageorpoweratsea

• causeseriousdisruptiontonavigationalaidsonboard

• electrocuteacrewmember

• seriouslyburnacrewmember

• startafireonboard.

Alloftheabovecanleadtodeathofoneormorecrewmembers.

Makesureallcrewarefamiliarwiththefollowing:

do • Getallelectricalmaintenanceandrepairworkdonebyacertifiedperson.

• Keepallguardsandcoversonelectricalgear.

• Regularlycheckallterminalsandconnectorsfortightness,cleanlinessandforexcessiveheat.

• Keepallelectricalgearawayfromwater.

• Keepallgrillsandventsofelectricalgearclean.

• Usemarine-ratedequipmentofthecorrectrating.

• Keepearthstrapsandbondingstrapsonequipmentconnectedandingoodcondition.

• Regularlycheckforearthfaultsonyourdistributionboardandremovefaultswhenfound.

• Regularlycheckbatterypacksandchargers.

• Regularlycheckalternativesuppliestoimportantequipmentsuchasradars,radios,steeringetc.

• Keepbatterieswellventilatedanddry.

don’t• Don’thosedownelectricalgear.

• Don’tfiddle!

• Don’trunelectricalcablesthroughbulkheadsorintoboxeswithoutusingthecorrectwatertightglands.

• Don’tworkonelectricalequipmentwithoutfirstisolatingit!

• Don’tuseunder-ratedpartsinelectricalsystems.

• Don’toverloadcircuits.

• Don’tleaveleadsandotherportableelectricalapplianceslyingaround.

• Neverbypassstopswitches.

tipS for SkipperS

Keepaseparateelectricaltoolboxonboardwith:

• electricaltestersupto440v

• hydrometer

• insulatedtools

• sparefusewire(“forhomeuseonly”)

• insulationtape

• connectors.

5.5 HYDRAULICSYSTEMS

Itisofteneasytofindapotentialfaultinhydraulicsystems.Youcannormallyseeafaultwhichisabouttobecomeahazard.Thefaultwillusuallybealeakofsomedescription.

Don’tjustwipeuptheleakandleaveit.Leaksinhydraulicsystemscanresultin:

• larger leaks, catastrophic failure Smallleaksmaywarnyouofabiggerweaknessorafault.

• endangering the vessel Leakscauseadropinpressurewhichcanleadtosystemfailure.Thiscanaffectthingslikegear

recoveryandsteering,andendangerthevessel.

• fire Ifasignificantleaksuddenlyappearsitmaysprayoverelectricalequipmentorahotsurface.

Inbothcasesafireislikelytooccur.

• injury Aleakonthedeck,dayornight,cancauseacrewmembertolosetheirfootingandeitherfall

overboardorsufferaninjury.

Hydraulicsystemsareverypowerfulandcancausefatalitiesifnottreatedwithduerespect.Hydraulicfluidisapollutantanditisillegaltospillitintothesea.

action points!

• Attendtoleaksassoonaspossible.

• Iftheleakcan’tbefixeduntilthevesselisalongside,containtheleaksoitdoesn’tspread.

• Don’tleavetemporarycontainmentarrangementsinplaceforlongerthannecessary.

• Neverbypasslimitswitchesonhydraulicgear.Testtheseregularly.

• Makesureguardsareusedtoprotectpeoplefromthehydraulicsystemwhereverpossible.Ifguardsarenotpracticaluseawarningsign.Hydraulicfluidunderpressurecanpunctureskinandcausebloodpoisoning.

• Isolateelectricalandoilsuppliestohydraulicsystemsbeforeyoustartworkonthem.

• Storehydraulicfluidsinthevessels’tanks.Don’tleavedrumsandcontainersofhydraulicfluidonboardifnotabsolutelynecessary.

• Makesureyouhaveanoilspillkitadjacenttowherehydraulicmaintenanceworkisbeingconducted.

• Ifworkingonhydraulicsondeckequipmentplaceragsinfrontofscupperstopreventoilspillingintothesea.

5.6 HOTWORK

Hotworkisanyworkthatmaygenerateasparkorsignificantheat.Sparksandheatcanignitenearbygasesormaterials.

Themostcommonhotworkonvesselsinvolveswelding,grindingandcuttingoperations.Electricians,upholsterersandothertradesalsouseappliancesthatcouldignitesurroundingmaterialsandgasesthroughheatorsparks.

Hotworkhasledtonumerousfiresonboardvesselsandhasalsocausedexplosionsinsomecases.Treatitseriously.

legal requirementS

• Allvesselsaretoensurethelocalharbourmasterisinformedofanyhotworkthatistobeconductedonboardavesselintheport.

• Ifthecontractorisaregularmarinerepairertheywillbefamiliarwiththisrequirement.Thecontractorwillusuallyinformtheharbourmaster.Oncetheharbourmasterissuesahotworkpermit,workcanstart.

• Itisthevessel’sresponsibilitytomakesurethereisahotworkpermit.Theskippermustcheckthatthecontractorhasthepermitbeforeallowingworktocommence.

danger to nearby flammable goodsSomehotworkoperations,suchasgrindingandcutting,generatesparkswhichsprayoverawidearea.Thesesparkscanignitenearbyrubbishbags,rags,cartonsetc.

Makesureyoucheckbothsidesofthebulkheadordeck.Clearsuchitemsoutofthewayorcoverthemwithaflameproofblanket.Remembertokeepthevessel’sfireblanketaside,incaseyouneedittofightafire.

danger with fumes and gasesSparkscanignitefumescomingfromfueltanks,gasbottles,paintandothersolvents.

Neverallowhotworktobeconducted:• duringfuellingoperations

• ifthereisafueltanklidoff

• iftherearesolvents,oils,paintsorotherflammableliquidsinopenorplasticcontainers(openorclosed)nearby.

always have a fire extinguisher nearby!

WEATHER/SEA CONDITIONS

6.1 WEATHERCONDITIONS

Smallervesselscanbeplacedindangerwhencaughtinextremelybadweather.Alargeproportionofaccidentsinvolvingsmallvesselsareweatherrelated.Badweathermakestheworkenvironmentonboardthevesselextremelyhazardous.Italsoplacesalotofstrainonthevessel’sstructureandequipment.

Vesseloperatorsshouldalwaysknowandunderstandwhattheweatherisforecasttodo.

marine weather informationMarineweatherforecastsstatewhattheweatherisexpectedtodo.Thisisdoneusingaseriesofmeasures.Theseareoutlinedbelow.

Wave heightWaveheightusedinforecastsreferstothewavesthataregeneratedbythewindintheareathatisbeingreported.Themeasuresusedare:

calm approx.windwaveheight0.1m

Smooth approx.windwaveheight0.5m

Slight approx.windwaveheight1.0m

moderate approx.windwaveheight2.0m

rough approx.windwaveheight3.0m

very rough approx.windwaveheight4.5m

high approx.windwaveheight6.5m

very high approx.windwaveheight8.5m

phenomenal approx.windwaveheight11.0m

SwellSwellisalsoforecast.Swellcomesfromeitheradistantdisturbance,suchasacycloneordepression,ortheswelldevelopsfromwindwavesthathavebeenblowingfromthesamedirectionforalengthoftime.

Swellheightcanbegiveninmetresornamedasfollows:

low Under2.0m

moderate 2–4m

heavy Over4m

average sea and swellTheheightsofbothseaandswellrefertotheaveragefromthetroughtothecrestofthehighestone-thirdofwavespresent.

Occasionalwavesmaybemuchhigher.Aboutonewaveinahundredislikelytoreachhalfashighagain,andoneinathousandtwicethequotedaverage.

Wind speedWindspeedisgiveninknotsandthedirectiongiveniswherethewindcomesfrom.

Warningsareissuedasfollows:

Wind Thewindisexpectedtoexceed33knots(eithersteadyoringusts).

gale Expecttobeabout45knotsasasteadywind,gustscanbe50%higher.

Storm Toabout60knotsasasteadywind,gustscanbe50%higher.

tropical Cycloneisover60knotsbutisonlyusedfor“hurricane’’typetropicalstorms.

visibility distancefog lessthan1.0nauticalmile fair 3–6nauticalmiles

poor 1–3nauticalmiles good Over6nauticalmiles

AveragevisibilityinNewZealandisabout15nauticalmiles.

Sources of weather informationThetwoeasiestwaysofgettingamarineforecastarebyVHFradioandtelephone.

vhf radioMarineweatherforecastsareannouncedonChannel16at0533,0733,1033,1333,1733and2133hours.

metphone

other sources of forecasts• LocalcoastguardstationsonVHFradio.

• Teletext.

• www.metservice.co.nz.

• Localnewspapers(rememberinformationcanberelativelyold).

• Localradiostations.

• NationalRadioat0500hours.

• AucklandareahascontinualforecastsonChannels20or21.

• WhitiangaareahascontinualforecastsonChannel23.

MetPhone Coastal dial 0�00 �� + map area number

Brett 60 Chalmers 69Colville 61 Foveaux 70Plenty 62 Puysegur 71Portland 63 Milford 72Castlepoint 64 Grey 73Cook 65 Stephens 74Abel 66 Raglan 75Conway 67 Kaipara 76Rangitata 68 ChathamIslands 78

Special Recreational Marine Forecasts

BayofIslands 090099998AucklandMarine 090099999LakeRotorua 090099918LakeTaupo 090099913KapitiCoast 090099917WellingtonMarine 090099922ChristchurchMarine 090099944

Forfutherinformationorassistance: OrwritetoMetService,POBox722,pleasecalltheMetPhonehelplinetollfreeon: Wellington.Orvisittheirwebsite0800WEATHER(932843) www.met.co.nz

ChathamIslands

6.2 EXTREMESEACONDITIONS

dangers in extreme seasSevereseasofanykindaredangerousifyouarenotprepared.Youshouldtakespecialcareinthefollowingsituations.

Inbeamseas,excessiverollcancausecargotoshift,creatingadangerouslist.Thiscouldcausethevesseltocapsize.Strongbreakingwavescouldalsocapsizethevessel.

Infollowingseas,avesselmaylosestabilityonawavecrest.Ifthevesselisovertakenbyawavecrest,broachingmayoccur.

Inquarteringseas,theproblemsofbeamandfollowingseasarecombined.quarteringseasrepresentthemostdangeroussituationinsevereweather.

6.3 FOG

Whenencounteringfog,andbeforeyouenterit,youmust:

• plotafixonyourchartormarkyourpositionontheelectronicplotter

• reducespeed(soyoucanstopinhalfthevisibledistance)

• turnnavigationlightson

• postextrawatchkeepers–bysightandhearing–preferablyinthebow

• startsoundingonelongblast(4–6seconds)every2minuteswhilemakingwaythroughthewaterandtwolongblastsevery2minuteswhenstopped.

6.4 BARCROSSING

BarsaroundthecoastofNewZealandarenotoriousforaccidentsandrequirespecialcare.

BelowareimportantsafetytipsyoushouldfollowBeforeyoucrossthebar.

Before you cross the bar• Checktheweather,tideandbarconditions.

• Contactcoastguardormaritimeradioimmediatelypriortocrossing.

• Ensureadequatestability.

• Battendown.

• Lifejacketsmustbewornandallcrewmustbeawake.

• Approachatmoderatespeed.

• Postalookouttomonitorseaconditionsastern.

• Communicateyoursuccessfulcrossingtocoastguardormaritimeradio.

• Ifindoubt–don’tcross.

• Avoidebbtide.

for more informationReferMaritimeNewZealandBoat Notice 10/2001.ThiscontainstheNational code of practice for bar crossings.CopiesoftheBoat NoticeareavailableontheMaritimeNewZealandwebsite:www.maritimenz.govt.nzorbyphoning0508225522.

TheSeafoodIndustryTrainingOrganisation(SITO)distributesavideo/DVDCrossing the Barwhichillustratesbestpracticeonbarcrossings.ContactSITOon(04)3854005toobtaincopies.

HUMAN FACTORS

7.1 FATIGUE

Thissectioncovers:

• whatfatigueis

• howtoknowifsomeoneisfatigued

• thingstodotomanagefatigue

• fatiguemanagementplans.

Ifyouaresufferingfromfatigueyouwillnotbeabletodoyourworkproperlyandsafely.Sometimespeopledonotrealisetheyarefatigued.

Fatiguehappenswhenpeople:

• don’tgetenoughsleep

• workveryhard,eitherphysicallyormentally,anddon’thavetimetorecover

• workfortoolong

• workwhenthebodyisprogrammedtosleep(eginthemiddleofthenight)

• can’tsleepwhentheyhavethechance

• havepoorqualitysleep(egsleepmightbeinterrupted,ortheremightbesomethingwrongwiththesleepenvironment–toomuchlight,noise,etc).

Mostpeopleneed7–8hoursofsleepanighttobefullyrested.Most,butnotall,cangetbyon6hoursofunbrokensleepanightforafewnightsuntilthepressureforsleepincreasestodangerouslevels.

Withlessthan6hourssleepanightthepressureforsleepincreasesrapidly.Theriskoffallingasleepormakingamistakealsoincreases.Withlackofsleepthebraintakes“microsleeps”,turningitselfofffromtheoutsideworldforashorttime.Eventuallythiswillturnintocontinuoussleep.Ifpeoplegoforseveraldayswithoutenoughsleep,theyaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyfatigueandtotakelongertorecoverfromthelackofsleep.Thisiscalled“sleepdebt”.

is fatigue a significant hazard on my vessel?Iftheanswertoanyofthefollowingquestionsisyes,fatigueislikelytobeahazardonyourvessel:

• Doesanyoneonthevesselusuallystartworkbefore0700orfinishafter2200?

• Istheworkdayusuallylongerthan12hours?

• Isitademandingworkenvironment(eglotsofnoise,vibration,heatorcold,roughseaconditions)?

• Areworkdemandsunpredictable?

• Isworkingontheboatconstantlyphysicallyormentallydemanding?

• Dopeopleworkingontheboatsaythey’retiredalotoratparticulartimesoftrips?

• Doesthecrewreportfeelingexcessivelytired,orhavehealthproblemsthataffecttheirsleep?

• Doemployeescommutelongdistancestowork?

Theuseofalcoholanddrugscanalsoleadtopeoplefallingasleeporbecomingfatiguedwhentheynormallywouldn’t.

how can i tell if someone is fatigued?Someonewhoisfatiguedwon’talwayslookorfeelfatigued.Ithelpstothinkabouttheamountofsleepapersonhadrecently,andwhatkindofworktheyhavebeendoing.This“history”helpstoidentifyifsomeoneisatriskofbeingfatigued.

Peoplewhoarefatiguedmight:

• beveryirritable(morethanusual)

• beuncommunicative,orunclearwhentheytalk

• forgetthingsquickly

• beunabletostayfocusedonatask

• bepreoccupiedwithpartsofaproblem,missingwarningsignsandlosing“thebigpicture”

• cutcornerstogetthejobfinished

• takeunusualrisks

• makepoorjudgementsaboutdistance,speedand/ortime

• haveslowreactionstothingsthathappen,orpeopletalkingtothem

• haveslurredormuddledspeech

• beclumsy

• beobviouslysleepy.

legal requirementS

• FatigueisahazardundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992.

• Employershavetotakeallpracticablestepstomanagefatigueasahazard,andneedtoinvolveemployeesinidentifyingfatigueproblemsandhowtocontrolthem.

• MaritimeNewZealandrequireseveryvesselownertodevelopanapprovedfatiguemanagementplanaspartoftheirSSMmanual(iffatigueisasignificanthazardontheirvessel).

how can i manage fatigue on our vessel?Ifpeopleonyourvesselareatriskoffatigue,theskipperwillneedtowriteafatiguemanagementplan.Moreinformationonfatiguemanagementplansisattheendofthissection.

Iffatigueisnotanissueforpeopleonyourvessel,everyoneinvolved(owner,skipperandcrew)shouldagreethatfatiguedoesnotneedtobeactivelymanaged.TheskipperneedstodocumentthereasonsforthisinthevesselSSMmanual.

action points!

• Thereisnorightwaytomanagefatigue–thesolutionsneedtofityourvessel,itsoperation,andyourskipperandcrew.

• Owners,skippers,crew,partnersandsafetyadvisorsshouldbeinvolvedindevelopingfatiguemanagementplans.

• Everyoneshouldlearnaboutfatigue.It’sagoodideaforeveryonetoattendatrainingsessionaboutfatiguemanagement.

• Makesureallcrewregularlyhavetimeoffforsleep.Aminimumof6hourscontinuoussleepinevery24hoursisrecommended(timesleepingisnotthesameastimeoff).

• Takeshortnapswhereverpossible(40minuteand2hournapsarethebesttiming,ifyouwanttoworksoonafterwakingup).

tipS for SkipperS

• Assesswhetherfatigueisasignificanthazardanddevelopafatiguemanagementplan.

• Regularlyreviewlevelsoffatigueandhowwellyourfatiguemanagementplanisworking.Anytimeyoumonitororreviewtheplan,makeanoteinyourSSMmanual.

• Makesureallcrewhavesomewheredryanddarktosleep.

• Talkaboutfatiguewiththecrew.Makesuretheyknowitishumantogettiredandthatitisbettertoadmititthanhideit.

• Providehealthyfoodandplan“restdays’’sothatcumulativefatiguedoesn’tbecomeaproblem.

• Installwatchkeeperalarms(ifappropriate).

• Makesurepeopleonwatchatnighthaveactivitiestokeepthemactive.

• Providecaffeineandenergydrinkswhichcanhelpkeeppeoplealertforshortperiodsoftime.

• Makesurewatchkeepersfeelcomfortablewakingsomeoneelseiftheygettired.

fatigue management plansAfatiguemanagementplanisanorganisedwayofmanagingfatigueasahazard.Inpractice,agoodfatiguemanagementplanhastwomajorparts:

• whattodoonthevesseltomanagefatigue

• whattheownerorskipperhastodotokeepaneyeonhowtheplanisimplementedandensureit’suptodate.

Theowner,skipperandcrewshouldworktogethertodevelopthefatiguemanagementplan.Everyonehasdifferentjobdemands,andexperiencesfatiguedifferently.

Yourplanneedstoshowthatyouhavethoughtabout:

• whypeoplearegettingfatigued

• howyoucanstopithappening

• howyoucanminimiseoreliminateit.

Youalsoneedtoconsiderhowyouwilldealwithsomeonewhoisfatiguedanddocumentthisinyourplan.

Thefatiguemanagementplanshouldbeputupwhereeveryonecanseeandreadit.Alaminatedsheetonthebridgeandinthecrewmessisagoodwaytodothis.DetailsonhowtheplanwillbemonitoredandkeptuptodateshouldgoinyourSSMmanual.

Thissectioncovers:

• whatstressis

• whatcausesstress

• howtoknowifsomeoneisstressed

• thingstodotomanagestress.

Somestressisgoodforus.However,ifwehavetoomanychallenges,wemaybecomestressedandnotcopewell.Weneedtherightbalance.Whetherstressis“good’’or“bad’’dependsontheindividual.Asageneralrule,stresswhichcontinuesforalongtimewillbebadformostpeople.

Workplacestressiswhensomeonebecomesawarethattheyarenotabletocopewiththedemandsoftheirwork,andtheyhaveanegativeemotionalresponsetothatawareness.

Stressorsarethingsthatleadtosomeonefeelingtheyareunabletocopewitheitherphysicalorpsychologicaldemands.Stressorscanarisebecauseof:

• thenatureofthejob

• thewaytheworkisorganised.Thiscanincludephysicalfactors(suchascold,wetness,noiseetc)aswellasphysiologicalfactors(suchasshiftwork,lackoftimetorestetc)

• excessiveworkdemandssuchasunrealisticdeadlines

• personalfactorssuchashealthstatus,relationships,abilitytocopewithdifficultsituationsetc.

is stress a significant hazard on my vessel?Legallyanemployerisrequiredtotakeallpracticablestepsonlyforthosecircumstancesthattheyknoworoughtreasonablytoknowabout.Ifsomeonesaystheyarestressed,orareactinginsuchawaythatmostpeoplewouldagreetheywerestressed,thenyouneedtodosomething.

Thesituationoneachvesselwillbedifferent.Todecideifstressisasignificanthazard,youshouldconsiderthefollowingquestions:

• Istheworkemotionallydrainingorunpleasant?

• Doestheworkrequireintense,prolongedconcentration?

• Wouldamistakehavemajorconsequences?

• Istheworkinherentlyhazardous?

• Istheworkloadunrealistic?

• Istheworktoohardfortheperson?

• Aretherefactorssuchaspersistentbullyingintheworkplace?

• Arepeopleseparatedfromtheirfamiliesand/orfriendsforlongperiodsoftime?

• Arepeopleforcedtobothliveandworkincloseconfineswithpeopletheymaynotnecessarilygetalongwellwith?

how can i tell if someone is stressed?Stressisacomplexissue.Notwopeoplewillreactinexactlythesamewaytosituations.Ownersandskippersneedtowatchforsignsofstressinpeoplewhoareworkingontheirvessel.Crewneedtotelltheskipperorownerwhenthey’refeelingstressed,andknowthateverythingpossiblewillbedonetodealwiththesituation.

7.2 STRESS

Peoplewhoarestressedmightshowsomeofthesesigns:

• notbeingawareofsafetyissuesorputtingthemselvesintoharm’sway

• being“down’’,anxious,irritableorclinicallydepressed

• losingconfidence,talkingaboutsleepingbadly,havingslowreactionsorbehavingoddly

• notbeingabletogetalongwithpeopletheyusedtoworkwellwith

• beingirritableorindecisive,orperformingpoorlyandmakingmoremistakes

• drinkingmorealcoholthanusualorusingrecreationaldrugs

• complainingabouttheirhealth,eghavingfrequentheadaches.

legal requirementS

• StressisahazardundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992andmustbemanagedlikeanyotherhazard.

• Thelawonlyrequiresemployerstomanageworkstressorsortheindividual’sstressedsituationwhentheycanbereasonablyexpectedtoknowaboutthestress.

• Crewshouldbeinvolvedinidentifyingstressproblemsandsuggestwaystocontrolthem.

• Thereneedtobesystemsinplacetoassessanddealwithidentifiedstress,whateverthesource.

• Employeesmusthaveconfidencethatiftheyreportstresssomethingwillbedoneaboutit.

• Employershavenodirectcontrolover,norresponsibilityfor,non-workfactors.However,ifanemployerknowsaboutnon-worksourcesofstress,stepsmayneedtobetakentopreventharmwherethesafetyofpeopleintheworkplace–theemployeeincluded–maybeanissue.

how do i manage stress as a hazard?

for all crew• Identifyareasoftheworkthatareinherentlystressful.Refertothelistofstressorsatthebeginning

ofthissection.

• Workwiththeskippertofigureouthowtoeliminateorreducetheimpactofthosestressors.

• Learnwaysthathelpyoutomanageyourownstresslevels.

• Tellyourskipperwhenstresslevelsgettoohigh.

for the skipper• Makesureworkpracticesonthevesseldonotcauseunnecessarystress.Havesystemsinplaceto

dealwithcrewmemberstress.Youarenotrequiredtomonitorallyourcrewmembers’stresslevelsallthetime.Youarerequiredtoputthingsinplacetominimisestressandifacrewmembersaystheyarestressedyouneedtotakethisseriously.

• Wherepossible,createclearworkroutinesandoperatingproceduressothereisamorepredictableworkenvironment.

• Ifacrewmemberisconsistentlyunabletocarryouttheirworkbecauseofnon-workstressfactors,managethisasyouwouldanyperformanceissue.Talktothecrewmemberaboutyourconcernsandworkoutawaytoresolvethesituationifpossible.Rememberyouonlyhavetotake“allpracticablesteps’’todealwiththehazard.

• Beawarethatsomeonewhoissufferingfromstressmaybeadangertothemselvesortootherswhileworking.

• Workouthowyouwillhandleasituationwhereacrewmembertellsyoutheyarestressed.Documentthisandmakesurethecrewknowthereisasysteminplacefordealingwithstressandthateverythingpossiblewillbedonetodealwiththesituationinaconfidentialmanner.

• Considerhowyouwilldecidewhetheracrewmemberiscopingwiththeirworkorwhethertheyareaffectedbystress.Makesureyoutreateachpersonasanindividual,asdifferentpeoplecopewiththingsindifferentways.

• Ensuretherearedifferentactivitiesavailableonboardtoallowpeopletorelaxontheiroffdutyhours.

• Makesurethereisadequatetimeavailableforrest.

• Worktocreateasupportiveenvironmentonboardthevessel.Recognisepeople’sdifferentneedsforspaceandtimetothemselves.

• Carefullyinvestigateanycrewclaimsoffeelingstressedandputinplaceanynecessarymeasurestoreducetheirstresslevels.

• Makesureyouidentifythethingsinthejobthatareinherentlystressful,andtalkaboutthemwithpotentialemployeesbeforeyouofferthemthejob.

Drugandalcoholabuseonvesselscancauseseriousproblems.Thismakesitaserioushealthandsafetyissue.

Alcoholanddruguseaffects:

• theabilitytomakegooddecisions

• co-ordination

• motorcontrol

• concentrationandalertness.

Thissectioncoverstheuseofalcoholandillegaldrugsonboardthevessel.

Somecrewmembersmayuseprescribeddrugsforhealthconditions.Theskipperneedstoknowaboutthis,andhowtomanageanysideeffectsfrommedicationorfromthehealthconditionrequiringthemedication.

Why is the use of alcohol and other drugs on board vessels a hazard?Thefollowingmayoccurwhenpeopleusealcoholandotherdrugsonboard:

• misuseofmachineryorequipment

• increasedriskofcausingharmofinjurytoselforotheremployees

• fallingfromheights,intoholds,overboard,whileboardingandwhenleavingthevessel

• decreasedskills,poorjudgement,slowerreactiontimes

• inappropriatebehaviour,likefightingorabusivelanguage

• increasedriskoffatigue.

legal requirementS

• AlcoholanddrugsaredefinedintheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992ashazards.

• TheMisuseofDrugsAct1975makesitanoffenceforanyonetoprocure(buyorreceive),orhaveintheirpossession,orconsume,smokeorotherwiseuse,anycontrolleddrug.ItisalsoanoffencetosupplyoroffertosupplyoradministeraClassCcontrolleddrugtoanyotherperson.

• Itisillegaltobringcontrolleddrugsontoavessel.

• Itisalsoillegaltopossessinstruments(pipes,bongs,syringesetc)forthepurposeoftakingillegaldrugs.

• Parentsandguardiansaretheonlypeoplewhocansupplyalcoholtopeopleundertheageof18.

• Ifyouhaveanaccidentorareinjuredwhileundertheinfluenceofalcoholorotherdrugsthismayaffectyourabilitytoclaiminsurance.

7.3 ALCOHOLANDOTHERDRUGS

action points!

• Ifthereisanoalcoholanddrugpolicyforthevessel,followit.

• Donotbringillegaldrugsonboardthevessel.

• Donotuseillegaldrugsonboardthevessel.

• Ifyouareallowedtodrinkalcoholonthevessel,don’tdrinktoomuchortooclosetowhenyouneedtobereadyforwork.

• Don’tusemachineryorsteertheboatwhenyouareundertheinfluenceofalcoholordrugs.

tipS for SkipperS

• Developapolicyontheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsatwork.Thepolicyshouldapplytoeveryone.Itshouldbedevelopedinconsultationwithcrewandgiventoeachnewcrewmember.

• Makesureeveryonewhoworksontheboatisregularlyremindedofthepolicyontheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsatworkandtheconsequencesofnotcomplyingwithit.

• Itisstronglyrecommendedthattheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsbebannedonboardthevessel.

how do i develop an alcohol and drug policy?Analcoholanddrugpolicyisawaytosetoutwhatyouexpectofallthoseworkingonthevessel.Thepolicyshouldaimtoeliminateorminimisethehazardsassociatedwiththeuseofalcoholandotherdrugsintheworkplace.Developthepolicyinconsultationwithallthosewhoaregoingtobeaffectedbyit.

Thepolicyshouldcoverthefollowingareas:

• whyapolicyisneeded–theimportanceofpreventingharmandmanaginghazards

• scope–thatthepolicycoverseveryonewhocomesonboardtheboat,includingvisitors

• infringements–whatisaninfringement,andwhatwillhappenifsomeonedoesn’tfollowthepolicy

• howtotellwhensomeoneisaffectedbydrugsandalcohol–listthecommonsignsandsymptomsofbeingundertheinfluence

• howtodealwithanintoxicatedperson

• informationandtraining–explainwhattrainingandinformationaroundmanagingthehazardsofalcoholanddrugusewillbegivenandwhatitwillcover

• workplaceinduction–howskippers/crew/visitorswillbemadeawareofthepolicy

• confidentiality–makesureeveryoneunderstandsthatanyactiontakenunderthepolicywillbeconfidentialandhowyouwillensurethishappens

• screening/testing–ifapplicable,explainthecompany’sscreeningandtestingprocedures.

Itisstronglyrecommendedthattheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsonboardtheboatbeprohibited.

Ifalcoholisusedonboardtheboat,analcoholpolicyalsoneedstocover:

• whenitisconsideredappropriatetodrinkalcohol

• acceptablestandardsofworkperformance

• aprohibitiononbeingdrunkonthevessel.

Thissectionremindsvesselownersandskippersthattheyneedtohavepoliciesinplacewhentheyareenhancingthepassengerexperienceandcomfortbyprovidingfoodandalcoholicbeverages.Examplepoliciesfollowbelow.

7.4 HOSTRESPONSIBILITIES

DRAFTEXAMPLELiquorLicenceOnBoardHostResponsibilityPolicyandStatement

NB This is not a template for your liquor licence policies. It is simply an example of the type of policies you may implement on your vessel. Your policies should be drafted to reflect your vessel and the specific requirements pertaining to your individual vessel and operation.

XYCCOMPANYLIMITEDHOSTRESPONSIBILITYPOLICY

ThemanagementandstaffonboardtheXYCvesselbelievethatwehavearesponsibilitytoprovideanenvironmentthatisnotonlycomfortableandwelcomingbutalsowherealcoholisservedresponsibly.BecauseofthisthefollowingHostResponsibilityPolicyhasbeenimplemented.

Weprovideandactivelypromotearangeofnon-alcoholicdrinks,includinglow-alcoholbeer,fruitjuices,softdrinks,teaandcoffee.Waterisalsoavailablefreeofchargeatalltimes.

Agoodrangeofsnackfoodisalwaysavailable.Menusarevisibleatalltimes.

Itisagainstthelawtoserveminors.Ifweareindoubtastoyourage,wewillaskforidentification.AcceptableformsofproofofagearetheNZdriverlicence,theHANZ18+cardoracurrentpassport.

Patronswhoarevisiblyintoxicatedwillnotbeservedalcohol,willbeaskedtoleavethepremisesandencouragedtotakeadvantageofsafetransportoptions.

Wewillpromotetransportoptionstogetyousafelyhome.

Wewillencouragemorepeopletohavealifesaver(designateddriver).Wewillmakethelifesaver’sjobmoreattractivebyprovidinganinterestingrangeoflow-alcoholandalcohol-freedrinks.

WewillmakesurealltheseservicesarewellpromotedandwilldisplaysignagerequiredundertheSaleofLiquorAct1989.

Wewillmaintainatrainingandmanagementpolicytogiveourstafftheskillsandsupporttheyneedtodotheirjobresponsibly.

Pleasebeourguestandtakeadvantageoftheservicesweoffer.

Hostresponsibilitymakessurethateveryonehasagoodtime,andleavesinsafeshapefortheroadhome.Itcouldsaveourlicence,anditcouldsaveyourlife.

We’reResponsibleHosts.

Signed

XYCCompanyLimited

HOSTRESPONSIBILITYPOLICYXYCCOMPANYLIMITED

At XYC we are a responsible company and want to ensure that our clients or passengers enjoy their sojourn on the XYC vessel. This policy sets down our guidelines, which we ask all our staff to read and be familiar with, and to implement.

Ourpolicystatementis:

a safe, memorable and enjoyable experience for all who board the Xyc vessel.

Inordertoenhancethepassengers’and/orguests’experienceonthevessel,thefollowingservicesandguidelinesareprovided.

food(Detailherethefullrangeoffoodavailableonthevesselandanymenusprovided.)

low/non alcoholic drinksCoffee,teaandwaterarealsoavailable,withfreshcoffeeanditswonderfularomaalwaystobeattheforefront.Alsoorangejuiceisalwaysofferedonclientfunctionsasanalternativetoalcohol.Splitsarealsosoldbythebottleandareonviewatthefrontofthebar.

minorsAlwaysbealerttoyoungerdrinkers.Ifinanydoubtatall,askpolitelyforidentification,andifnotforthcoming,politelyinformthemthatalthoughtheymaywellbe18,withoutproofwearelegallyandmorallyobligedtodeclinetoservethem.Identificationwillincludephotoidentificationasinpassport,NZdriverlicenceorHANZ18+card,butifinfurtherdoubt,checktheirsignatureagainstthisidentification.Ifindoubt,decline!

intoxicationAllstaffonembarkationofpassengers,andthroughoutthedurationofthesailing,shouldbealertforpotentiallyintoxicatedpassengers.Ifinanydoubt,contactthecaptainpriortoallowingthemtoboard.

TheWellingtonPolicedefinitionofintoxicationis:

“Apersonshouldbeconsideredtobeintoxicatedifatthetimethepersonisobservably affectedbyalcoholandordrugstotheextentthattheirspeech,co-ordinationorbehaviourisclearly impaired.”

continued…

EXAMPLEPOLICYcontinued

indicators of intoxication

Forapersontobeconsideredslightly,moderatelyorextremelyintoxicated,theWellingtonPoliceconsiderthefollowingindicators:

(Please note: these are a guide so all of these indicators may not be present and other factors may also be considered.)

Slight intoxication–Occasionalslurringorstumblingofwords,becomingloud,clumsy,slowordelayedreactions,glassyeyes,vacantexpression/blankstare,inappropriateactionsorlanguage(egannoying/obnoxious).

moderate intoxication–Slurredspeech,loud/repetitive,difficultyconcentratingorformingwords,occasionalstaggerorstumblewhenwalking,swayswhenstandingstill,bumpingintoorknockingoverthings,lossofeyecontact,inabilitytofocus,tired/sleepylooking,decreasedconcern/awarenessofappearance(egdrink/foodspiltonclothing),strongsmellofalcoholonbreath,argumentative/belligerent,inappropriateactionsorlanguage(egsexualadvances).

extreme intoxication–Veryslurredspeech,losestrainofthought,speechisnonsensicalorunintelligible,significantstaggeringorstumbling,veryunsteadyonfeet(egcan’tremainstill/useswallforsupport),fallingasleep,verydisheveled,verystrongsmellofalcoholonbreath,veryaggressive,actingirrationally.

the most important indicators to consider when making this assessment are speech and co-ordination.

Ifapassengerappearstobeslightlyintoxicated,acloseeyeshouldbekeptonthem.

Ifapassengerappearstobemoderately/extremelyintoxicatedtheyshouldnotbeallowedonboardthevessel.Iftheybecomemoderately/extremelyintoxicatedduringthevoyage,theyshouldnotbeservedanyfurtheralcohol.

Iftheintoxicatedpersoniswithagroup,talktothegroupco-ordinatororafriendoftheintoxicatedpersonandexplainyouractions,askingthemforassistanceetc.Whetheritberefusingtoallowfurtherdrinksorsuggestingacupofcoffeealternativeor,ifallelsefails,requestingandassistingtheintoxicatedpersontodisembarktheferryattheearliestpossibleopportunityandarrangingsafetransporthomeetc.

SPECIFIC VESSEL OPERATIONS

ROLL ON/ ROLL OFF (RO-RO) FERRIES

part two:SPECIFICVESSELOPERATIONS ��

ro-ro vehicular rampKeypointstoensurewhenworkingwithaforwardrampdooronavehicularferry:

• Liftingwiresarecheckeddailyforfraying.

• Wiresaregreasedtokeepoutelementssuchassalt.

• Liftingblocksaregreasedthroughgreasenipples.

• Ramppinsandhingesarecheckedforthicknessandmetalfatigue.

• Liftingshacklesarecheckedformetalfatigueandwear.

• Hydraulicliftingramsandoilsealsarechecked.

• Liftingswitchisisolatedfromthepublicbymeansofacoveredbox.

• Travellingvehiclesareawareofaxleloadingmaximums,egmaximumaxleloading10tonneperaxle,thisistobepostedonforwardbulwarksandinoperationalmanual.

• Passengersarekeptawayfromforwardrampwhenworkingthroughsegregationlinesondeckorropesacrossvehiculardeck.

ro-ro vehicular deck passenger and vehicle segregationKeypointstoensurepassengerandcrewsafetyonvehiculardeck:

• Vehiclesaremovedontooroffthevehicledeckpriortoembarkinganddisembarkingpassengers.UsethePAsystemanddeckcrewtoensureeveryonecomplieswiththis.

• Alldeckcrewarewearinghi-visibilityjacketsandappropriatefootwear.

• Whencarryingdangerousgoods(iepetroltankers)nomorethan25personsshallbecarriedonboard.Ensurethatcrew,passengersandmanagementareawareofthelegalrequirementsformaintainingthespecifieddistancebetweenthedangerousgoodsandthepassengers.

• Crewaretoensurethatwhenguidingvehiclesontothedeckeyecontactiskeptwithdriversofvehiclesatalltimes.

• Ensureappropriatesafetysignageisposted,ie“nosmokingonvehiculardeck”,“bewareofslipperydeckwhenwet”,and“mindyourstep”whenmovingfromvehiculardecktopassengerlounge.

action points!

• Whenrampisupensuresafetychainsareon.

• Intheeventofheavyweather,ensuretherampishardupagainstforwardbulwarksandfastenedwithsafetycatchesorriggingscrews.

8.ROLLON/ROLLOFF (RO-RO)FERRIES

HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER VESSELS

Thissectioncovershigh-speedadventurevesselswherethenatureofthetripexposespassengerstothepotentialhazardofbeingtossedaroundviolentlyintheseat.

• Passengercomfortlevelsandexpectationswilldifferontripsinvolvingthesetypesofvessels.Itisimportanttogetanideaoftheseexpectationsbytalkingwithpassengerspriortodeparture.Theymaythenbeseatedintheboataccordingly.

• Supplywind/sprayjackets.Passengersareusuallydressedaccordingtotheweather,butatspeedthewindchillfactorcanbeaproblem.

• Informpassengersofconditionstoexpect.Ifit’sroughtellthemitisbettertoreschedulethantoputpassengersthroughunduediscomfort.

• Advisepassengersofthebestpositionintheboattosit,egforwardmovesaroundmorewhileafthaslessmovementbutmorespray.

• Ifthevesselhasonlytheskipperandnocrewmembersittingamongstpassengerstoprovideassistance,passengerbodylanguageshouldbeobservedcloselybytheskipperpriortocommencingthetrip.Includeindeparturebriefingahandsignalforokandnotsogood.

• Ifcrewed,thecrewmembercanwalktheaisle,chatwithpassengers,andcheckiftheyareenjoyingthemselves.Youcanslowdownandmovepeopletosuit.

• Itisimportantthatthecrewknowthecharacteristicsofthevesselindifferentconditions,egdifferentanglestotheseasuitdifferentboatsbetter.

• Wherepossiblehavebackuptransportavailablefromadestinationsuchasabusorlargerslowerboat.Apassengerwithabadexperienceonyourboatistheonethingyoudon’twant.Mostwillappreciateacompanythatlooksafteritspassengers.

• Rememberyouaredoingthetripdayin,dayout,andforsomepassengersthismaybetheirfirsttimeinaboat.

• Lifejacketsshouldbewornatalltimesduringthetrip.

• Seatbeltsshouldbeprovidedandusedforthesafetyofpassengers.Seatbeltsshouldbeofthetypewhichcanbereleasedeasilyeveninacapsizedposition.

9.HIGH-SPEEDPASSENGER VESSELS

part two:SPECIFICVESSELOPERATIONS

��

PASSENGER FERRIES

��

part two:SPECIFICVESSELOPERATIONS ��

• Particularattentionshouldbepaidtothesafeuseofgangwaysincludingtyingdownandmovingthemacrossopenspaces.Crewshouldalwaysusethecorrectliftingtechniqueswhenmovingawkwardandheavyobjectssuchasgangwaysquickly.

• Crewshouldalwaysbemindfuloftheirhandsandtrunkwhenberthingvessels.Theyshouldalwaysbeawareofgettingthemselvescaughtbetweenthevesselandwharf.Crewcanbetyingupavesselupto30timesadayandneedtobeawareofcomplacency.

• Vesselhousekeepingishighlyimportant.Linesanddeckequipmentneedtobekeptsecureandtidyatalltimestoensurethesafetyofpassengers.

• Crewneedtobeconstantlyawareoftriphazardsandshouldinformpassengersofloosematting,wetdecks,bulwarksetc.

• Correctproceduresshouldbeadheredtowhenhandlinglinesandtyinganduntyingvessels.

• Crewmembersshouldcarryoutfrequentroundswhilethevesselisunderwaytoensurethesafetyofpassengers.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtothecabinareaandoutsidedeckstoensurepassengersarenotrunningorclimbing.

• Keepaconstantwatchforunusualordangerousbehaviourofpassengerswhomayharmthemselvesorothers.

10.PASSENGERFERRIES

BARE BOAT/HIRE AND DRIVE VESSELS

��

ThesearevesselsinSSMthatcanbehiredoutbyskipperswhowillusethevesselasapleasurevessel.TheskipperisnotrequiredtoholdthequalificationrequiredbyMaritimeRulesPart31B.

• Itisimportanttoestablishthelevelofexperienceoftheclient,whethertheyaretrainedtoskipperavesselorwhethertheyarecrew,andwhethertheyhaveanyformalqualifications.Thiscanbedonebysimplygettingtheclienttocompleteaparticularsformpriortohiringthevessel.

• Itisimportanttodeterminewhethertheclientisexperiencedinthelocalweatherandseaconditions.

• Anystaffmembersthatarehiredoutwiththevesselshouldweartheappropriatesafetyequipmentatalltimeswhileonthevesselincludingalifejacketandproperfootwear.

• Anextensivesafetybriefingshouldbeconductedbeforetheclientleavesthemarina.Anexampleofabriefingchecklistisonthenextpage.

• Ensuretheskipperwhohirestheboatisawareoftheirresponsibilityforsafetyandpollutionpreventionandisawareofthesafetymanagementsystemdesignedforthevessel.

11. BAREBOAT/HIREAND DRIVEVESSELS

��

eXample:Safetybriefingchecklist

Safety BriefingAll that you are briefed on is in the BOAT MANUAL, which is to be read before you leave the marina.

Locationanduseof:

Lifejackets

Harnesses

Flares

Firstaidkit

Toolbox

Fireextinguishers

Firebuckets

VHF(callinbetween3pm–5pm,callwhen 10minout,channel01,weatherforecast)

– LiferingsandM.O.Blight

– Boathookandfenders

– Batteryswitcheslocation

– Useofdomesticpower

– Controlpanel

Useofgassystem

– Sniffer(whattodoifalarmcomeson)

– Lightstove

– Lightcaliphont

– Remembertoturnbottleoffafteruse

– Nocigarettesmokingwhileinuse!

Bilgeusageandlocation(manualandelectric)

Useoftoilet

– Whatnottoputdownit

– Holdingtank(ifapplicable)

Watertankchangeovervalves(ifapplicable) andfilter

FamiliaritywiththeSoundsandcharts (priorexperience?)

– Surveylimits,egToryChExit

Moorings

– Location

– Howtopickup

– Usage(onlyCharterLinkcharterers)

Startingtheengine(checkfridgeisoff) andchargingthebatteries

Fridgeoperationandhowlongtohaveon

Stoppingtheengine(stopknoblocation andstartbatteryoff)

Warningalarmsontheboat(egbilgeetc), whattodoiftheysound

Morsecontrols(putinneutral)

Emergencysteering(ifapplicable)

Winches,boomandropehandlingsafety

Wateranddieselfillerlocation

Anchoringprocedureandwinchuse

Outboard(ifapplicable)

Appropriatedisposalofrubbish

Weatherawarenessofcurrentconditions

DoubleCove/LongIslandMarineReserve- NoFishingzones–checkchartsB4fishing!

(You could be fined, have tackle confiscated, and the boat could be seized)

HealthandSafetyonvessel–BEAWARE

– Allvesselsurfacesareslipperywhenwet.

– Lifejacketsand/orsafetyharnessesmay berequiredatanytimedependingonthe circumstances.

– Becarefulwhenmovingaboutinsideand ondeck.Usethehandhold,handrailsand safetylines.

– Becarefulofyourheadwhenmovingaround thevessel,insideandout,egdoorways,boom.

– Whenberthingorpullingalongsideanother vessel,ensurefendersaretiedprior.

– Makecertainallpersonsarebriefedonthe appropriateprocedureandtokeephandsand alllimbssafelyinsidetheperimeteroftheboat.

– Werecommendwearingboatshoestoavoid slippinganddamagetofeet.

Rulesoftheroadatsea.

– Givewaytoferryatalltimesandifpassing ALWAYSpassastern.

The skipper is legally responsible for the safety of the vessel and all people on board.

Signed:...............................................................................

��

GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY

t Thre

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILTIES

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY ��

Everyonewhoworksonboardavesselneedstomakesurethingsaresafe,andthethingstheyaredoing(ornotdoing)donothurtotherpeople.TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992makesthisalegalrequirement.

Thissectionexplainstheresponsibilitiesofeachpersononboardavesselandprovidessomeexamples.

12. DUTIESANDRESPONSIBILITIES

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY�0

Theemployeristhepersonwhopaysthewages.Thismightbetheowner,oritmightbetheskipper.Ifyoupaythewages,youneedtotakeallpracticablestepstomakesurethevesselissafeandthatthepeoplewhoworkonorvisitthevesselaresafe.Thismeansyouneedto:

• regularlygothroughaprocessforidentifyinghazards

• makesureanyhazardsareeliminated,isolatedorminimised

• providesuitableprotectiveequipmentandclothingtoallyouremployees

• providesafetyinformationtoallyouremployees

• providetrainingorsupervisiontomakesuretheworkisdonesafely

• keepaneyeonyouremployeestomakesuretheirworkisn’tcausingthemhealthproblems

• providewaysforyouremployeestocontributetohealthandsafety

• maintainaregisterofhazards.

12.1 EMPLOYER/VESSELOWNER (PERSONWHOPAYSTHE WAGES)

Theskipperisnormallythepersonwhocontrolstheplaceofwork(thevessel).Theskipperisresponsibleforthesafetyofthevessel,equipmentandcrew.Thismeanstakingallpracticablestepstoensureanyhazardsdonotharmanypeoplewhoare:

• lawfullyatworkonthevessel(asemployees,contractorsetc)

• thereascustomersortoundertakeanactivity

• inthevicinityofthevessel.

Theskipperalsoneedstomakesurevisitorstothevesselaretoldaboutanysignificanthazardsonboard.

12.2 SKIPPER(PERSONWHO CONTROLSTHEPLACE OFWORK)

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY��

CrewwhoarepaidwagesaredefinedasemployeesundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992.Asanemployee,youcanexpectthatyouremployerwillmakesurethevesselissafe.Youalsohavethingsyouneedtodo.Theseare:

• Makesureyoudoeverythingyoucantoensurethevesselissafeforworkingon.

• Makesurenothingyoudo,ordon’tdo,harmsanyoneelse.

• Usetheprotectiveequipmentandclothingthateitheryouoryouremployerprovides.

• Don’tdoworkwhichisunsafeorinvolvesunsafepractices.

• Makeunsafeworksafeor,ifyoucan’t,tellyoursupervisorortheskipper.

• Knowaboutandfollowtheboat’shealthandsafetypracticesandprocedures.

• Co-operateinthemonitoringofhazardsandofyourhealth.

• Reportallhazards.

12.3 CREW(PEOPLEWHOARE PAIDWAGES)

Ifyouareself-employed,youmust:

• makesurenothingyoudoatworkharmsyourselforanyoneelse

• makesureyoutakehealthandsafetyintoaccountwhenyouplanyourworkactivities

• keeparecordofaccidentsandincidentscausedbyyourworkthatharmedormighthaveharmedeitheryourselforsomeoneelse.ReportthesetoMaritimeNewZealandwithin7days.

12.4 SELF-EMPLOYED

Ifyouhireself-employedpeople,youstillhavetomakesuretheyaresafeonthevessel.Youshouldincludehealthandsafetyissuesinyourcontractsandmakesureyoutalkabouthealthandsafetywithyourcontractors.Youalsoneedto:

• makesurenocontractor,subcontractor,oremployeeofthosepeople,isharmedwhiledoingtheworkyouhiredthemtodo

• keepaccidentregisters

• reportaccidentsinvolvingseriousharmtoMaritimeNewZealandassoonaspracticable.

12.5 PRINCIPAL(PERSONWHO HIRESSELF-EMPLOYED PEOPLE(SKIPPEROROWNER))

Ifyouvisitthevesselinthecourseofyourwork,youaretreatedthesameasaself-employedperson.Youmust:

• makesurenothingyoudoatworkharmsyourselforanyoneelse

• makesureyoutakehealthandsafetyintoaccountwhenyouplanyourworkactivities

• keeparecordofaccidentsandincidentscausedbyyourworkthatharmedormighthaveharmedeitheryourselforsomeoneelse.ReportthesetoMaritimeNewZealandassoonaspracticable

• followtheinstructionsoftheskipperasthepersonincontroloftheplaceofwork.

action points!

• Knowwhichcategoryofdutiesandresponsibilitiesappliestoyouandanypeopleworkingonboardyourvessel.Seekadviceonthisifnecessary.

• Developachecklistforyourdutiesandobligations.Recordonaregularbasisyourunderstandingofhowyouarefulfillingthosedutiesandresponsibilities.

• SeekadvicefromMaritimeNewZealandoryourlawyer.

legal requirementS

• Thedutiesofemployerstoensurethesafetyofemployeesarecontainedinsection6oftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct).

• Thedutiesofemployersinrelationtotrainingandsupervisionofemployeesarecontainedinsection13oftheHSEAct.

• Thedutiesofaskipperasapersonwhocontrolstheplaceofworkarecontainedinsection16oftheHSEAct.

• Thedutiesofself-employedpeoplearecontainedinsection17oftheHSEAct.

• Thedutiesofprincipalsarecontainedinsection18oftheHSEAct.

• Thedutiesofemployeesarecontainedinsection19oftheHSEAct.

12.6 OTHERPEOPLEWHOVISIT THEWORKPLACEINTHE COURSEOFTHEIRWORK (EGOBSERVERS,COMPLIANCE OFFICIALS,CONTRACTORS)

Where can i find out more?FormoreinformationonyourrolesandresponsibilitiesundertheHSEActgototheMaritimeNewZealandwebsite–www.maritimenz.govt.nz–orcontactMaritimeNewZealandonfreephone0508225522.

TheInlandRevenueDepartmenthasadviceonitswebsiteabouthowtodecidewhethersomeoneisanemployeeorself-employed–checkwww.ird.govt.nz

AbookletforthemaritimeindustryHealth & safety: a guideisavailablefromMaritimeNewZealand.ThisbookletprovidesdetailedinformationonyourobligationsundertheHSEAct.CopiesareavailablebyphoningMaritimeNewZealandon0508225522.

MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY

ThehealthandsafetysystemsforyourvesseloutlinehowyouplantomeetyourresponsibilitiesundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct).Thissectionprovidesfurtherinformationondevelopingandimplementingyoursystems.

legislationSince2003,MaritimeNewZealandhasbeenresponsibleforadministeringtheHSEActforworkonboardvesselsandforvesselsasplacesofwork.MaritimeNewZealandalsoadministerstheMaritimeTransportAct1994(MTAct).Maritimeandmarineprotectionrulesarestatutoryinstruments(orsecondarylegislation)madebytheMinisterofTransportpursuanttotheMTAct.WhiletheMTActstipulatesbroadprinciplesofmaritimelaw,therulescontaindetailedtechnicalstandardsandprocedures.

Generallyspeaking,theMTActandtherulesmadeunderthatActfocusonvessel-relatedsafety,whiletheHSEActfocusesonthesafetyofoperationsandpeopleonboardtheboat.Thereisadegreeofoverlap.

health and Safety in employment act 1992 ThepurposeoftheHSEActistomakeworkactivitiessafeandhealthyforeveryoneconnectedwiththem.

TheHSEActreinforcesthatemployers,orotherpeopleresponsibleforthework,havetheprimaryresponsibilityforhealthandsafetyatwork.TheHSEActalsorecognisesthateveryonewithinaworkplacehasresponsibilitiestothemselvesandothers.Effectivehealthandsafetyintheworkplacerequiresco-operationbetweeneveryoneinvolved.

Safe Ship management Systems (SSm)SSMmakesvesselownersandoperatorsresponsiblefortheday-to-daysafeoperationoftheirvessels.SSMensuresthesafetyofavesselanditscrewismaintainedthroughouttheyearinsteadofjustonanannual“surveyday’’.

SSMcoversconstruction,stability,equipment,operatinglimits,operatingparameters,qualificationsandtrainingofcrew,vesselmaintenanceandemergencyprocedures.Thesystemisreflectedindocumentationwhichiscustomisedforeachindividualvesselaccordingtowhichparticularsystemitfitswithin.ThedocumentationalsocontainsinformationabouthowyouaremeetingyourhealthandsafetyobligationsundertheHSEAct.

legal requirementS

• TheHSEActdoesn’treplaceanydutiesyoumayhaveunderotherpiecesoflegislation.TheexceptiontothisisPartIIoftheMTActwhichwasreplacedbytheHSEActin2003.

• Youarestillrequiredtocomplywithotherlegislation.TherequirementsoftheHSEActhavebeendevelopedinordertointeractconsistentlywithotherlegislativerequirements.InthemaritimesectorthismeansyouarestillrequiredtocomplywiththeMTActandallrelevantMaritimeRules.

• SomeMaritimeRulesalreadyaddresshealthandsafetyissues.TheserulesexistalongsidetheHSEActandaredesignedtoworkwithotherhealthandsafetysystemsandrequirementstomakeasaferworkplace.

13.1 RELEVANTLEGISLATION

Althoughnotalegalrequirement,it’sagoodideatodevelopahealthandsafetypolicystatementthatisspecifictothevessel,itsoperations,managementandcrew.Thisdocumentsetsthetoneforthecommitmenttohealthandsafety,andshouldbeincludedaspartofyourSSMmanual.Ahealthandsafetypolicycouldcoversome(orall)ofthefollowing:

• Acommitmenttoachievingthehigheststandardsofhealthandsafetyinallaspectsofoperations.

• Seekingcontinuousimprovementinhealthandsafetyperformancetakingintoaccountevolvingemployeeexpectations,managementpractices,scientificknowledgeandtechnology.

• Complyingwithallapplicablelegislationandstandardsand,wherethesedonotexist,adoptingandapplyingstandardsthatreflectcommitmenttohealthandsafety.

• Involvingmanagement,skippers,crewandcontractorsintheimprovementofhealthandsafetyperformance.

• Holdingskippersresponsibleforsafetyintheirareasofsupervisioninthesamewaythattheyareresponsibleforquality,efficiency,maintenance,etc.

• Trainingskipperstocarryouttheirresponsibilitieseffectivelysotheyhaveanunderstandingofhealthandsafety.

• Trainingandholdingindividualemployees/crewaccountablefortheirareaofresponsibility.

• Managingriskbyimplementingmanagementsystemstoidentify,assess,monitorandcontrolhazardsandbyreviewingperformanceonaregularbasis.

• Ensuringallemployeesareinformedofandunderstandtheirobligationsinrespectofthehealthandsafetypolicy.

13.2 DEVELOPINGAHEALTH ANDSAFETYPOLICY

Peopleonboardthevesselneedtoknowhowtodotheirworksafely.Theemployerisrequiredtoprovideeasilyaccessibleinformationtothecrewabout:

• hazardsonthevessel

• hazardsthatmightarisefromthetypeofworktheemployeeisdoing

• thestepstobetakentominimisethechancesanyonewillbeharmedbythehazards

• wheretofindsafetyclothingandequipment

• howtodealwithanyemergencies.

Informationneedstobeprovidedinawaythatemployeescanunderstand.Thismightbebytalkingtopeople,oritmightincludeprintedinformationusingeasilyunderstoodwords,andmayincludediagrams.

13.3 PROVIDINGINFORMATION

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY�00

Safetystartswithselectingthe“right”persontocrewonthevessel.

Itisimportanttonotethatyoucannotdiscriminateagainstsomeoneonthegroundsofadisability/medicalcondition.However,itmayalsobeunlawfulundertheprovisionsoftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992,forapersontobeplacedinapositionwheretheyarelikelytocauseharmtothemselvesorothers.Ifindoubt,getlegaladvice.

13.4 SELECTIONANDPLACEMENT OFCREW

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY �0�

Onewayofensuringcrewcancarryoutworksafelyismakingsuretheyhaveadequateknowledge,experienceandtrainingtodowhattheyneedtodo.

Employersmustdowhatisreasonablypracticabletoensurecrewhaveknowledgeandexperienceofrelevantsimilarworkplaces,work,equipmentorsubstances,orthattheyaresupervisedbysomeonewhohasthatknowledgeandexperience.

Employersmustalsoensurecrewareadequatelytrainedinusingthetypesofobjects,substancesandprotectiveclothingandequipmenttheyarerequiredtoworkwith.

13.5 TRAINING

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY�0�

13.6 INDUCTIONFORVISITORS ANDOTHERS

Everyonewhocomesonboardthevesselneedstoknowaboutthehazardstheymightcomeacrossonboardandhowtheyaremanaged.Youshoulddevelopastandardinductionchecklistforvisitorsthatliststhehazardsandanyactionrequiredofthevisitor.Thiswouldincludelettingthemknowwheretheycan’tgoonthevessel.Tickofftheitemsonthelistasyoutalkaboutthemwiththevisitor.Getthemtosignthelistasproofthatyou’vegonethroughitwiththem.

13.7 EMPLOYEEPARTICIPATION INHEALTHANDSAFETY

Everyoneneedstoworkco-operativelyandingoodfaithtoestablisheffectivehealthandsafetyarrangementsintheworkplace.

Goodfaithrequiresbeingopenandhonest,andunderstandingthatallinvolvedhavealegitimateinterestinasafeandhealthyworkplace.

Peoplewhocarryoutworkareinagoodpositiontoidentifyactualorpotentialhazardsthatariseinthecourseofthatworkandsuggestwaysthosehazardscouldbemanaged.Allemployershaveadutytoprovidereasonableopportunitiesforthecrewtoparticipateeffectivelyinprocessesforimprovinghealthandsafetyatwork.

13.8 PEOPLEWHOARENOT EMPLOYEES

Employersalsohaveadutytopeoplewhoaren’ttheiremployees.Theemployermusttakeallpracticablestepstoensuretheactionsorinactionofanemployeewhileatworkdoesn’tharmanyotherperson.Thatincludesadutytostopanyonebeingharmedthrough“skylarking’’orotheractionsorinactionwhereitisreasonablyforeseeablethatharmwillbecausedtoanother.Itisn’tenoughtojusthaverulesorprocedures–theyneedtobeenforced.Wheresomeonenotfollowingtherulesorprocedurescouldhaveseriousconsequences,thereneedstobeback-upplansinplace–justincase.

13.9 SYSTEMAUDITING

Anysystemthatisputinplaceneedstoberegularlyreviewedtomakesureitiseffectiveandcomprehensive.Itneedstofullymeettherequirementsofthelawtohaveasafeandhealthyworkplace.Youshoulddothisinasystematicway–perhapshavealistofthepartsofthesystemandreviewoneeachmonth.Youneedtowritedownthedetails,theresultsofthereview,andanyactionthatistaken.KeepthiswithyourSafeShipManagement(SSM)manual.

legal requirementS

• TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992specifiesinsomedetailtherequirementsformaintainingahealthyandsafeworkplace.

• TheMaritimeTransportAct1994andtheMaritimeRulescontainrequirementswhicharespecifictothemaritimesector.

• YourSSMmanualalsocontainsrequirementswhicharerelevanttohealthandsafetyandthereforemustbefollowed.

action points!

• Developahealthandsafetypolicythatmakescleartoeveryoneonboardthevesselwhatyourcommitmenttoahealthyandsafevesselis.

• Yourhealthandsafetysystemisthedetailofhowyouplantomeetyourobligationstoprovideasafeandhealthyworkplace.Youshouldwritedownhowthisisgoingtohappenandmakesureyouaredoingwhathasbeendocumented.

• Makesureyouregularlyauditthesystemtocheckthatitiseffective,andallyourresponsibilitiesarebeingmet.WritedowntheresultsoftheauditinyourSSMmanual.

• Decidehowyou’regoingtomakesurepeopleonthevesselfollowyourrulesandprocedures,andwhatyou’regoingtodoiftheyaren’tfollowed.

• Makesureeveryonehasenoughinformationandtrainingtobeworkingsafely.

• Choosetherightpeopletobepartofyourcrew.

• Developastandardinductionchecklistforusewithvisitors.Getitsignedbythevisitorsonceyou’vegonethroughitwiththem.

• Makesuretheowner,skipperandcrewallhaveopportunitiestobeinvolvedinthedevelopmentandongoingimplementationandmaintenanceofyourhealthandsafetysystems.

• Makesureyouknowyourlegalobligationsinrelationtohealthandsafety.

Where can i find out more?ForfurtherinformationabouttheMaritimeTransportActandtheassociatedmaritimeandmarineprotectionrulescontacttheManager,RulesandInternationalStandards,atMaritimeNewZealand,oremailmanager.rules@maritimenz.govt.nz

ForfurtherinformationaboutSSMcontacttheNauticalAdvisor,SafeShipManagement,atMaritimeNewZealand,oremailssm@maritimenz.govt.nz

Ifyouneedassistanceinagreeingonasystemforemployeeparticipationinmanaginghealthandsafetymatters,mediationservicesareprovidedbytheEmploymentRelationsService.ContactthemthroughWorkInfoon0800209020.

HAZARD MANAGEMENT

Hazardmanagement–identifyinghazardsandmakingsuretheirpotentialoractualimpactsareeliminated,isolatedorminimised–isanimportantwayofmeetingtheobligationsoftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct).Itisalsoalegalrequirement.

Thissectionprovidesanoverviewoftheprocessyouneedtogothroughtoensureyou’recustomisingthemanagementofhazardstoyourvesselandoperation.

Ahazardisanyactivity,situationorsubstancethatcancauseharm.Thisincludesasituationwhereaperson’sbehaviourmaybeanactualsourceofharmtothemselvesorothers.Hazardscan:

• beactualorpotential

• bephysical,biologicalorbehavioural,includingtemporaryconditionsthatcanaffectaperson’sbehaviour,suchasfatigue,shock,alcoholordrugs

• ariseorbecausedwithinoroutsideaplaceofwork.

Hazardsalsoincludeeventsthatmeancrewareatagreaterriskofcausingthemselvesorothersonboardharm.Theseeventscouldoccurwhenonboardorelsewhereashore.Examplesoftheseeventsare:

• thedesignofshiftsandrosters

• jobswithinherentstressorpressure

• seasonalpeakworkflows

• jobsthatregularlyincludelongdaysbecauseoftravelbefore,afterorduringwork

• beingpartof,orwitnessto,anaccident.

Physicalormentalfatigue,drugs,alcoholandtraumaticshockarespecificallymentionedintheHSEActashazards.

14.1 WHATISAHAZARD?

ThelegaldefinitionofasignificanthazardisgivenintheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992:

Asignificanthazardisonethatisanactualorpotentialcauseorsourceofoneormoreof:

• Serious harm Thedefinitionofseriousharmisasfollows:

1. Anyofthefollowingconditionsthatamountstoorresultsinpermanentlossofbodilyfunction, ortemporaryseverelossofbodilyfunction:respiratorydisease,noise-inducedhearingloss, neurologicaldisease,cancer,dermatologicaldisease,communicabledisease,musculosketal disease,illnesscausedbyexposuretoinfectedmaterial,decompressionsickness,poisoning, visionimpairment,chemicalorhot-metalburnofeye,penetratingwoundofeye,bonefracture, laceration,crushing.

2. Amputationofabodypart.

3. Burnsrequiringreferraltoaspecialistregisteredmedicalpractitionerorspecialistout patientclinic.

4. Lossofconsciousnessfromalackofoxygen.

5. Lossofconsciousness,oracuteillnessrequiringtreatmentbyaregisteredmedical practitioner,fromabsorption,inhalation,oringestion,ofanysubstance.

6. Anyharmthatcausesthepersonharmedtobehospitalisedforaperiodof48hoursormore commencingwithin7daysoftheharm’soccurrence.

• harm, the severity of which may depend on how often or how long a person is exposed to the hazard

Thisharmmustbe“morethantrivial”andincludessuchthingsasoccupationaloverusesyndrome.

• harm that cannot be detected until a significant time after exposure Thisincludesdiseasescausedbyexposuretohazardoussubstances,suchasasbestosis,

neurotoxicity,emphysema,andotheroccupationaldiseases.

Thisdefinitionisimportantassignificanthazardsarerequiredtobemanagedinasetway.Hazardsthataren’tsignificantneedtobenotedandre-examinedinthefutureasnecessary,tore-assesswhethertheyhavebecomesignificantastimehaspassed.Theyalsoneedtobemanagedasappropriate–ifthereareeasyorobviousthingsthatcanbedonetoreducethehazard,youshoulddothem.

Assessingifahazardissignificantisamatterforthejudgementoftheemployer(andshouldinvolvediscussionwiththecrewandothersonboardthevessel).Ifyouidentifyahazardandthendecideitisn’tsignificant,youshouldrecordthereasonswhyyoubelieveitisnotsignificant.Youshouldalsowritedownwhenyouwillre-lookatthehazardtoensureithasn’tbecomesignificantovertime.

14.2 WHENDOESAHAZARD BECOMESIGNIFICANT?

Hazardidentificationmeansworkingoutandthenwritingdownthehazardsonyourvessel.

Everythingonthevesselandthathappenswhenworkingonthevesselneedstobelookedatasapotentialhazard.Aregularprocessforhazardidentificationneedstobefollowed.Theprocessmustbesystematicandthorough.HowyouhaveidentifiedandassessedhazardsshouldbewrittendownandkeptasarecordinyourSSMmanualtoshowyouaremeetingyourobligations.Waysofidentifyinghazardsinclude:

• goingaroundandinspectingthevesselandequipment

• analysingtheworkthatneedstobedoneonthevesselandhowit’sbeingdone

• reviewingpreviousaccidents(includingnearmisses)andlookingatwhathappenedandwhy.

TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992requiresemployerstogiveemployees(egtheskipperandcrew)reasonableopportunitiestobeinvolvedinallpartsofthehazardmanagementprocess,includingidentificationofhazards.

Youneedtoreviewyourhazardidentificationmethodsregularlytomakesurethey’reeffective.Forexample,ifanaccidenthappensastheresultofahazardyouhadn’tidentified,thinkaboutwhyyoursystemdidn’tpickitupandhowyoucanmakesurethereisn’tanythingelsethathasn’tbeenpickedup.

14.3 HAZARDIDENTIFICATION

part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY��0

Wherehazardsarepotentiallyharmfultopeopleonthevessel,theemployerisrequiredtotakeall practicable stepstoprovideasafeandhealthyenvironment.Theemployer’sresponsibilityonlyextendstomatterstheycanreasonablybeexpectedtorecogniseorbeawareof.

Everyoneonboardthevesselsharesintheresponsibilitytorecogniseandmanageproblemsthemselvesandthisincludeshandlingnon-workissuessensibly.

Hazardsneedtobeassessedtodeterminewhetherornottheyaresignificant.

TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992describesahierarchyofactionsformanagingsignificanthazards.Hazardsthatarenotsignificantmuststillbemanaged,andthisprocessmaybeusefulformanagingthosehazardsalso.

Thepreferredactionistoeliminatethehazard,bychangingthingssothatthehazardnolongerexists.Thismightinclude,forexample,relocatingequipmentorinstrumentswhichrestrictforwardvisibility,orreplacingahazardoussubstancewithonethatisharmless.

Ifthiscan’tbereasonablydone,youshouldisolatethehazard,byputtinginplaceaprocessormechanismthatkeepsemployeesawayfromthehazard.Thismightinclude:

• permanentlyfixingaguardtocoveradangerouspartofaparticularmachine

• fittinganacousticenclosurearoundnoisymachinery

• puttingareleasabledoorcatchinsideafreezer.

Ifthiscan’treasonablybedone,thehazardmustbeminimised,bydoingwhatcanreasonablybedonetolessenthelikelihoodofharmbeingcausedbythehazardandtoprotectemployees.Thismightinclude:

• providingemployeeswithsuitableprotectiveclothingorequipment

• monitoringemployees’exposuretothehazard

• withtheirinformedconsent,monitoringemployees’healthinrelationtothehazard.

Thisprocessissetoutinatwo-pageformattheendofthissection.

Notallhazardmanagementmethodsare“physical”.Therecanberulesorpoliciesdesignedtoreducetheriskfromthehazard(egthedevelopmentofafatiguemanagementplan).

14.4 HAZARDASSESSMENT ANDMANAGEMENT

Employers,employees,self-employedpeople,peopleincontrolofworkplaces,andprincipals,arerequiredtotakeallreasonablypracticablesteps,incircumstancestheyknoworshouldreasonablyknowabout,toensuretheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers.

all practicable stepsmeansthosestepsthatitisreasonablypracticabletotake.Astepispracticableifitispossibleorcapableofbeingdone.

Thewordreasonablemeansthatnoteverythingthatishumanlypossibleneedstobedone.Instead,itisonlynecessarytodowhatareasonableandprudentpersonwoulddointhesamesituation.

Whenassessingifastepisreasonablethefollowingneedstobetakenintoaccount:

• thenatureandseverityofanyinjuryorharmthatmayoccur

• thedegreeofriskorprobabilityofinjuryorharmoccurring

• howmuchisknownaboutthehazardandthewaysofeliminating,isolatingorminimisingthehazard

• theavailabilityandcostofsafeguards.

Thecostsofdealingwithahazardareonlyonefactorindecidingifastepisreasonablypracticable.Costsshouldbemeasuredagainstotherfactors,includingtheriskandseriousnessofharmthatmightoccurifnothingisdone.Ifthereisariskofseriousorfrequentinjuryorharm,spendingagreateramountofmoneytodealwiththehazardisconsideredreasonable.

14.5 WHATDOES“ALL PRACTICABLESTEPS”MEAN?

Seethetwo-pageformprovidedinthissection.

legal requirementS

• TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct)requiresemployerstosystematicallyidentifyhazardsandtosystematicallymanagesignificanthazardsbyeithereliminating,isolatingorminimisingthemandthendevelopingandmaintainingemergencyprocedures.

• Hazardsthataren’tsignificantstillneedtobemanagedtomakesurethevesselissafeandworkingonthevesselissafe.

• TheHSEActrequiresemployerstogiveemployees(egthecrew)reasonableopportunitiestobeinvolvedinallpartsofthehazardmanagementprocess.

• Whereappropriate,employersmustprovidesuitableprotectiveclothingandequipmenttoprotectpeoplefromhazards.Theyalsoneedtoprovidetraininginitsuseandmakesureitiswornorused.

• Maintainahazardregister.

action points!

• Setuparegularsystemforidentifyinghazards.Schedulethisintoyourworkroutines,includingregularlylookingatwhetherthewaysinwhichyou’recontrollinghazardsisworking.

• Emphasisetoeveryoneonboardthevesselthatitistheirresponsibilitytoadvisetheskipperofanyhazardstheyfindonthevessel.

• Setupregularmeetingswiththecrewtotalkabouthazardsandhowtheycanbemanaged.

• Setupemergencyprocessesforhazardsincasethingsgowrong.

• Regularlyreviewaccidentsandnearmissestohelpyouidentifyanyhazardsyoumighthavemissed.

• Whenyouidentifythingsthatneedtobedonetomanageahazard,makesureresponsibilityfortheactionisclear,andsomeonechecksthatithasbeendone.

• Makesureyouregularlycheckthatpoliciesandproceduresarebeingfollowedandthatyourmanagementofhazardsiseffective.

• Makesureeveryoneonboardhasenoughtrainingandinformationaroundhowhazardsaremanagedonthevessel,andhowtoworksafely,andthatthey’resupervisedwhennecessary.

• Informationneedstobeprovidedinawaythatwillbeunderstood.Thismightbethroughtalkingtopeople,oritmightmeanmakingsurewrittenmaterialisindifferentlanguages,simpletounderstand,andincludesdiagramsorpictures.

• Keeparegisterofallhazardsthatareidentifiedonthevessel.

Where can i find out more?MaritimeNewZealandhasabookletforthemaritimeindustryHealth & Safety: A GuidewhichoutlinesyourobligationsundertheHSEAct,andtheassociatedhazardmanagementprocesses.CopiesareavailablefromMaritimeNewZealandonfreephone0508225522

Tofindoutmoreabouthowtoidentifyandmanagehazards,contactMaritimeNewZealand,onfreephone0508225522,oremailssm@maritimenz.govt.nz.

14.6 SIGNIFICANTHAZARD MANAGEMENTWORKSHEET

SIGNIFICANTHAZARDMANAGEMENTWORKSHEET

Section one: Background

Hazard:

Isthishazardsignificant? Yes No

Whyisthehazardsignificantornotsignificant?

Section two: elimination

Canthehazardbeeliminated? Yes No

Ifyes,listthestepstoachievethis,allocateresponsibility,thengotoSectionFive:

Step timeline responsible

Ifno,whynot?

Testyourreasonsagainstthe“allpracticablesteps”requirement.

Section three: isolation

Canthehazardbeisolated? Yes No

Ifyes,listthestepstoachievethis,allocateresponsibility,thengotoSectionFive:

Ifno,whynot?

Testyourreasonsagainstthe“allpracticablesteps”requirement.

Section four: minimise

Listthestepsyouwilltaketominimisethelikelihoodofharmfromthehazard:

Listtheequipmentandclothingthatarerequiredtoprotectemployeesfromtheharm:

equipment/clothing timeline for provision responsible

Section five: review and monitoring

Haveyoutestedyouranswersagainstthe“allpracticablesteps”requirement? Yes No

Howwilltheemployees’exposuretothehazard,andtheirhealthinrelationtotheexposure,bemonitored?

monitoring step timeline responsible

Howandwhenwillyoureviewthesuccessofyourcontrolmeasures?

review step timeline responsible

Wereemployeesinvolvedinthishazardmanagementprocess? Yes No

Ifno,whynot?

Section Six: Sign-off

VesselName:

Nameofpersonfillingoutthissheet:

Position: Date:

SAFETY GUIDELINES PASSENGER AND NON-PASSENGER VESSELS

Published by:Maritime New ZealandPO Box 27006Wellington 6141New Zealandwww.maritimenz.govt.nz

2007 Maritime New Zealand

ISBN – 978-0-478-18852-3

AcknowledgmentMaritime New Zealand acknowledges the assistance of the NZ Marine Transport Association in the development of this publication.

Safety Guidelines Passenger Non Passenger Vessels

Documents