Post on 14-Jan-2016
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Sarah Bernhardt
Alfons Mucha
Sarah BernhardtThe Parisian actress Sarah Bernhardt (1844-1923) was the single most influential figure in Mucha’s life as an artist. It was his first
poster for her, Gismonda, that made him famous and he grew both as a man and an artist through his professional collaboration and
friendship with the greatest stage personality of the era.Mucha met Sarah Bernhardt for the first time in late 1894. Legend
says that on St. Stephen’s Day (26th December) Mucha, then a humble illustrator, was doing a favour for a friend, correcting proofs
at Lemercier’s printing workshop, when the actress called the printer with an immediate demand for a new poster for her
production of Gismonda. All the regular Lemercier artists were on holiday, so Mucha was turned to in desperation. Despite his lack of experience in designing posters, Mucha grabbed this opportunity
and, to his own amazement, ‘La divine Sarah’ loved his work .
1894 Poster for Victorien Sardou's Gismonda
Starring Sarah Bernhardt at the Theatre de la
Renaissance, Paris
.
Mucha’s Gismonda posters were up all over Paris on the morning of 1st January 1895 and they were to revolutionise poster design. The long narrow shape, the subtle pastel colours and the stillness of the near life-size figure introduced a note of dignity and sobriety, which were quite startling in their novelty. The posters immediately became objects of desire to collectors, many of whom used clandestine methods to obtain them, either bribing bill stickers or simply going out at night and cutting them down from the hoardings.
.
Study of Sarah Bernhardt
Delighted with the success of Gismonda, Sarah Bernhardt immediately offered Mucha a contract to produce stage and costume designs as well as posters. Under this contract, Mucha produced six
more posters for her productions: La Dame aux Camélias (1896), Lorenzaccio (1896), La Samaritaine (1897), Médée (1898), La Tosca (1898) and Hamlet (1899). Mucha applied to these posters the same
design principle as that he had developed for Gismonda – the use of an elongated format with a single, full-standing figure of the actress
placed in a raised shallow alcove like a saint.
Study of Sarah Bernhardt by Alphonse Mucha.
The collaboration between Mucha and Sarah Bernhardt was mutually beneficial. Mucha’s posters immortalised the ‘divine’ image of the actress, consolidating her iconic status. For her part, Bernhardt was so enamoured
with Mucha’s work that after 1896 she made use of his designs for all posters advertising her American tours. This promoted Mucha’s work and helped him
secure a foothold to explore a new career in the United States after 1904.
Poster for 'La Dame aux Camelias' (1896)Sarah Bernhardt considered La Dame aux Camélias by Alexandre Dumas to be the key drama in her repertoire. Bernhardt played the title role, the courtesan Camille who is dying of consumption and releases her lover from his promise to marry her.
-love's ultimate sacrifice.This poster became one of Bernhardt's favourites, and she used this design for her American tour in 1905-1906 and 1910-1911.
1896 Poster for Lorenzaccio at the Theatre de la Renaissance, Paris lithograph 203.7 x 73 cm
Photographie de Sarah Bernhardt dans La Princesse Lointaine dedicacee par l'artiste. Reutlinger Studio, Paris.
Full tiara, 1900
Diadem for La Princesse Lointaine. 1895Musee et Bibliothèque de l’Opera
Paris
Sarah Bernhardt wearing a diadem by Alphonse Mucha in "La Princesse Lointaine," by Edmond Rostand, at the Theatre de la Renaissance, 1895.
Bague et bracelet pour Sarah Bernhardt par Fouquet et Mucha, 1899
The bracelet Alphonse Mucha designed for Sarah Bernhardt's costume when she played Cleopatra (1891)
Affiche publicitaire pour LU avec le portrait de Sarah Bernhardt, 1904
Sarah Bernhardt a pose dans l’un des costumes crees par Muchapour la pièce « La Princesse lointaine » d’Edmond Rostand
( cet exemplaire de l’affiche a ete dedicace par Sarah Bernhardt )
Couverture. L'affiche du spectacle est reproduite reduite sans les references à la pièce en haut et bas de l'affiche.
La calligraphie hebraïque realisee par Mucha pour la creation de la pièce est reutilisee pour le texte.
La Samaritaine, 1897. Color lithograph
Étude pour l'affiche. Encre de Chine et aquarelle sur papier.
La Samaritaine Acte I : Sarah Bernhardt et Leon Bremont sur scène
Poster for 'La Trappistine' (1897)The style developed in Mucha's posters for Sarah Bernhardt is applied to this poster, which advertises a liqueur made by
Parisian distillers..Here the graceful figure of a young woman dominates the composition against a halo
decorated with circular motifs which became one of the
characteristics of Mucha’s style. In this design, the hair is
entirely orderly but a single thick strand hangs down,
leading the viewer’s eyes to the low table where she holds the
bottle of La Trappistine.
Poster for 'La Trappistine' lithograph
Medea, Study
Poster for 'Medee', 1898
Poster for 'Medee', 1898
Here Mucha captures the
compelling stage presence of
Sarah Bernhardt in the famous
Greek tragedy Medée.
The substance of the tragedy is
embodied in the tense, wide-eyed
expression of the actress. The
stylised landscape in the
background shows the influence
of the contemporary fashion for
Japonisme, and heightens the
exotic atmosphere of the drama.
The bracelet worn by Medea is
the prototype of Mucha's Snake
Bracelet (Sakai City Collection,
Japan) commissioned by Sarah
Bernhardt from the jeweller
Georges Fouquet.
1898 Sarah Bernhardt chalk on paper 49.7 x 41.4 cm
Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt oil on canvas 146 x 80 cm © Alphonse Mucha Estate/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris
Carte postale representant l'actrice en Photine
Poster for 'La Tosca' (1899)
Hamlet (estudio)
1899 Poster for 'Hamlet' Sarah Bernhardt at the Theatre Sarah
Bernhardt.
Lithograph 205.7 x 76.5 cm Estate-Artists Rights Society,
Paris
Carte postale programme, pour la tournee americaine de l'actrice, reproduisant l'affiche du spectacle.
By Mucha, 1905, Sarah Bernhardt, Farewell American tour.
Sarah-Bernhardt / Farewell American Tour 1905-1906. Alphonse Mucha
מקורות:
http://www.muchafoundation./sarah-bernhardt
http://poulwebb./alphonse-mucha-part-1.html
http://richet.christian.free.fr/princessloin/princess.html
http://richet.christian.free.fr/samar/samaritaine.html#a2
http://www.settemuse.ii/alphonse_mucha_
http://betysman-coleccionistadeimagenes.
http://veravague.blogspot.co.il/2013/12/the-art-of-mucha.html
קלריטה ואפריםהנכם מוזמנים להיכנס לאתר שלנו:
www.clarita-efraim.comchefetze@netvision/net.il