Post on 07-Jul-2020
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Sponges are very slow-moving animals that are found across the sea floor.
Although many sponges actually move less than a millimeter a day, some adult sponges are actually sessile, which means that they are fixed onto something and do not move at all.
Sponges are thought to have evolved around 500 million years ago. There are more than 5,000 known species of sponge – but only one SpongeBob SquarePants – with another 5,000 species thought to have not yet been discovered.
Most sponges live in a salt water environment attached to objects on the sea floor. Less than 200 sponge species inhabit freshwater habitats.
The body of a sponge is made up of a jelly-like substance that is supported by a thin layer of cells on either side.
Sponges contain thousands of pores which allow water to keep flowing through it.
Sea sponges may be green, red, blue, yellow, orange or brown.
Sponges have no organs and obtain their nutrition from the water that is continuously flowing through them.
Sea Sponge
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 1
Sea Sponge continued
Sponges can be found in a variety of different sizes and shapes: tubes, fans, cups, cones and blobs.
Sponges are omnivorous animals that obtain their nutrition from the food particles in the water.
Sponges primarily eat bacteria and phytoplankton. A number of sponge species are known to have a more carnivorous diet, eating small fish and crustaceans on the reefs.
Due to the abundance and variety of sponges, they are preyed upon by many animals. The fact that sponges move so slowly, if at all, means that they cannot avoid being eaten. Sea turles, crustaceans, fish and echinoderms all prey on sponges.
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 2
Marine scientists have undertaken the difficult task of replacing the beloved starfish’s common name with the “sea star” because, well, the starfish is not a fish.Sea stars are echinoderms, closely related to sea urchins and sand dollars.
There are about 2,000 sea star species living in all the world’s oceans; from tropical habitats to the cold seafloor. The five-arm varieties are the most common, but species with 10, 20 and even 40 arms exist.
They have bony, calcified skin, which protects them from most predators and many wear striking colors that camouflage them, or scare off potential attackers.
Purely marine animals, there are no freshwater sea stars, and only a few live in brackish water.
Beyond their distinctive shape, sea stars are famous for their ability to regenerate limbs, and in some cases, entire bodies. They accomplish this by housing most or all of their vital organs in their arms. Some require the central body to be intact to regenerate, but a few species can grow an entirely new sea star just from a portion of a severed limb.
Sea Star
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 3
Sea Star continued
Sea stars have no brains and no blood. Their nervous system is spread throughout their arms and their “blood” is actually filtered sea water.
A sea star has eye spots that cannot see details, but can detect light and dark, and Krabby Patties. These eye spots are at the tip of each of the sea star’s arms.
Most sea stars also have the remarkable ability to comsume prey outside of their bodies. Using tiny, suction-cupped tube feet, they pry open shellfish, and their sack-like cardiac stomach emerges from their mouth and oozes inside the shell. The stomach then envelops the prey to digest it, and finally withdraws back into the body.
Due to their slow moving nature, the sea star is preyed upon by many predators including; fish, crabs, rays, sharks, humans, and birds when the sea stars are washed onto the shore.
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 4
The common octopus would be unique for its appearance alone, with its massive bulbous head, large eyes, and eight distinctive arms, but by far the most striking characteristic of the octopus is the wide array of techniques it uses to avoid or thwart attackers.
Its first --- and most amazing --- line of defense is its ability to hide in plain sight. Using a network of pigment cells and specialized muscles in its skin, the common octopus can almost instantaneously match the colors, patterns, and even textures of its surroundings.
When discovered, an octopus will release a cloud of black ink to obscure its attacker’s view, giving it time to swim away. The ink even contains a substance that dulls the predator’s sense of smell, making the fleeing octopus harder to track.
An octopus can jet forward by expelling water through their mantles and their soft bodies can squeeze into impossibly small cracks and crevices where predators can’t follow.
If all else fails, an octopus can lose an arm to escape a predator’s grasp and regrow it later with no permanent damage.
Octopus
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 5
Octopus continued
The common octopus also has beak-like jaws that can deliver a nasty bite with venomous saliva, used mainly for subduing prey.
Considered the most intelligent of all invertebrates (just ask Squidward), the common octopus is found in the tropical and temperate waters of the world’s oceans.
An actopus can grow to about 4.3 feet (1.3 meters) in length and weigh up to 22 pounds (10 kilograms), although averages are much smaller.
An octopus preys on crabs, crayfish and mollusks, and will sometimes use their ink to disorient their victims before attacking.
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 6
JellyfishThere are many types of jellyfish in the ocean. These jelly-like creatures pulse along on ocean currents.
Jellyfish have drifted along on ocean currents for millions of years, even before dinosaurs lived on the Earth.
They are abundant in cold and warm ocean water, in deep water, and along coastlines.
Jellyfish have tiny stinging cells in their tentacles to stun or paralyze their prey before they eat them.
The mouth of the jellyfish is located inside their bell-shaped body. They eat and discard waste from this opening. Also, jellyfish squirt water from their mouths to propell forward.
Tentacles hang down from the smooth bag-like body and sting their prey.
Jellyfish stings can be painful to humans and sometimes very dangerous, but jellyfish don’t purposely attack humans. Most stings occur when people acidentally touch a jellyfish, but if the sting is from a dangerous species, it can be deadly. The Australian box-like sea wasp is the most toxic to humans.
All jellyfish sting, but the stings of small specimens and those with short tentacles often are not painful to humans. Even dead jellyfish can sting.
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 7
continued
The lion’s mane jellyfish found in the north Atlantic, has a bell which can reach six feet (two meters) in diameter with tentacles as long as 100 feet (33 meters).
The poisonous Portuguese man-of-war is found floating on the surface of tropical ocean water, and its sting is said to be as toxic as a cobra’s bite.
Jellyfish digest their food very quickly. They wouldn’t be able to float if they had to carry a large, undigested meal around for a long period. They dine on plankton, fish, shrimp, crabs, tiny plants, and will even eat other species of jellyfish.
Sea turtles like the taste of jellyfish.
Some jellyfish are clear and can look like a plastic bag in the water.
Others have vibrant colors such as pink, yellow, blue and purple, and often are luminescent.
The Chinese have fished jellyfish for 1,700 years. They are considered a delicacy and are used in chinese medicine.
Jellyfish are classified in the phylum Coelenterata, whicn means they have a very simple body and large center mouth where food comes in, and waste goes out.
Jellyfish are invertebrates and don’t have a backbone.
Jellyfish
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 8
Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast
Using what you know about SpongeBob SquarePants, and what you have learned about sea sponges from your reading, complete the double bubble map above.
REMEMBER: Circles in the middle are for what makes them similar, and circles on the outsides are for what makes them different.
SpongeBob SquarePan
ts Real Sea Sponge
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 9
Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast
Cut out each statement circle and paste it in the correct location on the Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map to compare and contrast SpongeBob SquarePants and a Real Sea Sponge.
Real Sea Sponge
SpongeBob SquarePan
ts
cantalk
can beyellow
lives inthe
ocean
movesvery
slowly
eatsKrabbyPatties
haspores
walkson two
legs
cannottalk
eatsbacteria
andplankton
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 10
Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast
Using what you know about Patrick Star, and what you have learned about sea stars from your reading, complete the double bubble map above.
REMEMBER: Circles in the middle are for what makes them similar, and circles on the outsides are for what makes them different.
Real Sea Star Patrick S
tar
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 11
Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast
Cut out each statement circle and paste it in the correct location on the Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map to compare and contrast Patrick Star and a Real Sea Star.
Patrick Star
Real Sea Star
cantalk
shapedlike astar
lives inthe
ocean
movesvery
slowly
eatsKrabbyPatties
haseyes
walkson two
legs
cannottalk
eatsshellfish
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 12
Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast
Using what you know about Squidward Tentacles, and what you have learned about the octopus from your reading, complete the double bubble map above.
REMEMBER: Circles in the middle are for what makes them similar, and circles on the outsides are for what makes them different.
Real Octopus
Squidward Tenta
cles
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 13
Double Bikini Bo�om Bubble MapCompare and Contrast
Cut out each statement circle and paste it in the correct location on the Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map to compare and contrast Squidward Tentacles and a Real Octopus.
Squidward Tenta
cles
Real Octopus
cantalk
has theability toplay theclarinet
lives inthe
ocean
has theability to
camouflagehaseyes
has sixtentacles
intelligenthas
eighttentacles
cannottalk
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 14
How Many ‘Likes’ Can YOU Geton Fishbook?
It’s a fish-eat-fish world in the deep, blue ocean. In this fast-paced world of predators and prey, it’s sometimes hard to keep up with just who is eating whom. Thank goodness for “Fishbook,” our ocean networking site.
Now you can keep up with the feeding trends by checking in with our new ocean friends.
DIRECTIONS: Using the informational chart below, complete the list of ‘Likes’for each ocean dweller on the following page.
The first posting on this page has been done for you as an example.
Ocean Dweller
Jellyfish
Crab
Plankton
Sea Snail
Octopus
Sea Star
Sea Sponge
What It ‘Likes’ To Eat
plankton, small fish, shrimp, crabs, tiny plants, and even other jellyfish
small fish, plankton, algae, small plants
other plankton and bacteria
algae and other sea snails
crabs, mollusks, shrimp, fish
sponges, plankton, mollusks
bacteria and plankton
Example:
Plankton
Jellyfish like this
Sea Stars like this
Sea Sponges like this
Crabs like this
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 15
How Many ‘Likes’ Can YOU Geton Fishbook?
DIRECTIONS: Using the previous informational chart,
complete the list of ‘Likes’
for each ocean dweller.
7. Mollusks
8. Shrimp
1. Fish
2. Crabs
4. Sea Snails
5. Jellyfish
6. Bacteria
3. Plants/Algae/ Sea Grasses
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 16
Select and read three of the informative texts about the creatures behind our Bikini Bottom friends (sea sponge, sea star, octopus, or jellyfish).Complete the tree map below to classify important characteristics of each sea creature.
Behind the CharactersTree Map Activity
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 17
Tell a“Jellyfish Story”
Mr. Krabs loves to tellthe occasional fish story.
A fish story is a story that exaggerates the truth ---
the way the fish a fisherman caught gets
bigger and biggerevery time he tells his story about it.
Now that you know a lot more about jellyfish, we want you to tell a
“Jellyfish Story.” Your story shouldinclude at least
5 facts about jellyfish, and two exaggerations.
Illustrate your story in the box provided.
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Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 18
Search forward and backward, horizontally, verticallyand diagonally for the words in the Word Bank. Circle each word on the puzzle.
Word Search
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
Word Bank: SPONGEBOB JELLYFISH ROCK BOTTOM
PATRICK PLANKTON PINEAPPLE
SQUIDWARD SUB TREEDOME
BIKINI KRUSTY KRAB CONCH STREET
BOTTOM CAPTAIN KRABBY PATTY
GOO LAGOON ADVENTURE BEST DAY EVER
SANDY ANGLER FISH CAMPFIRE
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© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 19
Instructions: Find the quotient to each equation, then match the letters to the riddle blanks below.
Marine Math ManiaRecommended for 4th Grade
Riddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ !
4 9 3 2 12
5 10 7 6 8 1 11
T 30 ÷ 6 = ________
P 27 ÷ 3 = ________
O 14 ÷ 2 = ________
E 24 ÷ 2 = ________
A 18 ÷ 6 = ________
T 56 ÷ 7 = ________
U 54 ÷ 9 = ________
R 33 ÷ 3 = ________
S 28 ÷ 7 = ________
R 70 ÷ 7 = ________
C 18 ÷ 9 = ________
E 11 ÷ 11 = ________
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 20
Instructions: Find the difference to each equation, then match the letters to the riddle blanks below.
Riddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ !234 318 774 508 94
136 629 249 524 538 306 127
T 282 - 146
S 592 - 358
A 871 - 97
P 560 - 242
R 957 - 328
T 775 - 237
O 490 - 241
C 824 - 316
U 650 - 126
E 423 - 117
E 153 - 59
R 256 - 129
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
Marine Math ManiaRecommended for 5th Grade
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 21
Instructions: Find the sum or difference to each equation, then match the letters to the riddle blanks below.
7 85 8
11 121 6
5 9 7 10
7 12
1 8 4 9
9 10 2 9
5 12
T 1 + 5 = ________ 4 8
P 7 - 3 = ________ 8 4
O 1 + 5 = ________ 2 12
E 5 - 1 = ________ 9 3
A 5 - 5 = ________ 6 12
T 2 + 3 = ________ 5 10
U 5 - 2 = ________ 6 3
R 1 + 2 = ________ 3 9
S 3 + 3 = ________ 10 5
R 1 + 1 = ________ 8 2
C 7 - 1 = ________ 9 3
E 11 - 1 = ________ 12 3
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
Riddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ !
Marine Math ManiaRecommended for 6th Grade
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 22
Oil Spill Lab*Adult supervision is necessary.
This experiment is designed to help you to understandthe difficulties involving oil spill cleanups.
To perform this experiment you will need the following materials:
• Two aluminum pie pans, each half-filled with water• Cotton balls• Nylon• String
Materials:• A medicine dropper full of vegetable oil• Paper towels• Liquid dish detergent• Feathers
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 23
Oil Spill LabInterpretive Questions
1. What will happen to the oil when you drop it on the water? Will it sink, float or mix with the water? Can you think of any reasons that might explain the reaction?
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2. Which material will clean up the oil in the least amount of time: cotton, nylon, paper towel, or string? What qualities does that particular material have that enables it to do so?
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3. How might wind, waves, and climate affect the combination of oil and water?
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Answer BEFORE beginning the experiment
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 24
Oil Spill LabProcedures 1-2
Complete each of the following 4 procedures and observe what happens*Adult supervision is necessary.
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
1. Put five drops of oil into one of the oceans (your aluminum pie pans). Observe the action of the oil and record what happens. How does this reaction compare with your predictions?
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2. One at a time, use the different materials (nylon, cotton, string, and paper towels) to try to clean up the oil from the water, keeping track of the amount of oil each material was able to clean up, and how fast it worked. (These materials are those from which booms and skimmers are made.) Which material cleaned up the oil fastest? Which one performed the best cleanup?
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© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 25
3. Add five drops of oil to the second pan, and then add 5 drops of detergent. (The detergent represents a chemical dispersant). Observe what happens. Where do you think the oil would go in the real ocean?
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4. Dip a feather directly into some oil. What happens to it? How do you think this might affect a bird’s behavior, such as flying, preening, and feeding?
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Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
Oil Spill LabProcedures 3-4
Complete each of the following 4 procedures and observe what happens*Adult supervision is necessary.
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 26
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
Follow the instructions below to create your own jellyfish in a bottle!
*Adult supervision is necessary.
Recycled A�Jellyfish in a Bo�le
Materials:• Plastic grocery bag• Water bottle• Thread or string
• Food coloring• Scissors• Water
8 Step Instructions:
Step 1
Flatten the bagand cut offthe handle
and bottom part.
Step 2
Cut along both sidesto split it into
two plastic sheets.You will only need
one sheet per jellyfish.
Step 3
From the center of the plastic sheet,
fold it like a tiny balloon to makethe head part and tie it with
the thread --- not too tight.You must leave a little hole in order
to pour some water into the head part.
Step 4
Once you’vesecured the head,the remaining plastic
will be the jellyfish’s tentacles.Cut from the edge up to the head, roughly, to make about eight
to ten tentacles.
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 27
Name_______________________________________________________________________ Date___________________________
Follow the instructions continued below to create your own jellyfish in a bottle!
*Adult supervision is necessary.
Your “Jellyfish in a Bottle” is finished!Don’t forget to make sure the cap is properly closed and tight
before you shake it.
8 Step Instructions: continued
Step 4
For each tentacle,cut again into three or four
small strings and cut offthe remaining part.
Step 6
Trim to makerandom long and
short tentacles.
Step 7
Put some waterinto the head part,
so that it can sink, but leavesome air inside to allow
it to float.
Step 8
Fill up your water bottle.Put your jellyfish into the bottle,
along with a few drops of blue food coloring. Screw on
the cap and shake lightly.
Recycled A�Jellyfish in a Bo�le
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 28
Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map - Patrick Star Version: Answers will vary, suggested answers appear below
Patrick Star
can talk
eats Krabby Patties
walks on two legs
Both
shaped like a star
lives in the ocean
has eyes
Real Sea Star
cannot talk
eats shellfish
moves very slowly
Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map - Squidward Tentacles Version: Answers will vary, suggested answers appear below
Squidward Tentacles
can talk
has six tentacles
has the ability to play the clarinet
Both
lives in the ocean
intelligent
has eyes
Real Octopus
cannot talk
has eight tentacles
has the ability to camouflage
Double Bikini Bottom Bubble Map - SpongeBob SquarePants Version: Answers will vary, suggested answers appear below
SpongeBob SquarePants
can talk
eats Krabby Patties
walks on two legs
Both
lives in the ocean
can be yellow
has pores
Real Sea Sponge
cannot talk
eats bacteria and plankton
moves very slowly
Grades 4-6Learning Resource Guide
Answer Key
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 29
Behind the Characters Tree Map Activity
Answers will vary based on which characters are chosen and which characteristics students choose to include. Teachers should check student responses against the information provided in the reading passages.
How Many ‘Likes’ Can YOU Get on Fishbook?
1. Fish: jellyfish, crab, octopus
2. Crabs: jellyfish, octopus
3. Plants/Algae/Sea Grasses: jellyfish, crab, sea snail
4. Sea Snails: sea snails
5. Jellyfish: jellyfish
6. Bacteria: plankton, sea sponges
7. Mollusks: octopus, sea star
8. Shrimp: jellyfish, octopus
Grades 4-6Learning Resource Guide
Answer Key
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 30
Marine Math Mania - 4th Grade Version: Answers to the math problems
Riddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?
Answer: Trouter Space
5
9
7
12
4
10
2
1
3
8
6
11
7___8
T= S= A= P= R= T=
O= C= U= E= E= R=
9___10
5___12
5___8
1___8
7___10
11___12
4___9
1___6
7___12
2___9
5___9
Marine Math Mania - 6th Grade Version: Answers to the math problems (equation answers = left to right, top to bottom)
Riddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?
Answer: Trouter Space
Marine Math Mania - 5th Grade Version: Answers to the math problemsRiddle: If the Earth was flat and a fish swam over the edge, where would it go?
Answer: Trouter Space
136
249
234
508
774
524
629
94
318
306
538
127
Oil Spill Lab
Answers will vary based on student hypotheses, observations and materials used.
Grades 4-6Learning Resource Guide
Answer Key
© 2015 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. Created by Stephen Hillenburg.
Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 31
Sea Sponge (pages 1-2)
Adapted from: http://a-z-animals.com/animals/sponge/
Sea Star (pages 3-4)
Adapted from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/starfish/
Octopus (pages 5-6)
Adapted from: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/common-octopus/
Jellyfish (page 7-8)
Adapted from: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/animals/creaturefeature/jellyfish/
Oil Spill Lab (pages 23-26)
Adapted from: http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/learning/midlab.htm
Recycled Art: Jellyfish in a Bottle (pages 27-28)
Adapted from: http://bhoomplay.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/diy_jellyfish_eng/
Grades 4-6Learning Resource Guide
Sources
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Learning Resource Guide - Grade 4 through 6Page 32