SBI3U Course Textbook: Biology 11, McGraw-Hill Ryerson

Diversity of Living Things

What is diversity?• In small groups, create your own definition of diversity

Why is diversity important?• Continue discussion in groups

Is the Earth losing its diversity?

Food, Inc Documentary Trailer• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqQVll-MP3I

Jonathan Drori: Why we're storing billions of seeds

TED

• http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/jonathan_drori_why_we_re_storing_billions_of_seeds.html

Section 1.1 Identifying, Naming, and Classifying

Species

• WITHOUT using your Macs, define the word “species”

Section 1.1 Identifying, Naming, and Classifying

Species

Species: a group of organism that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Section 1.1 Identifying, Naming, and Classifying

Species

Species: a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Currently, scientists have identified 2 million species on Earth

Scientists estimate there are 5 million to 20 million species – so there are countless species we have yet to discover

Identifying Species - whoa• Do scientists around the world agree

on the definition of species?

• Scientists agree on various definitions called “species concepts”

3 types of Species Concepts:

• Morphological species concept• Biological species concept• Phylogenetic species concept

Identifying Species - whoa

3 types of Species Concepts:

•Morphological species concept•Biological species concept•Phylogenetic species concept

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•Read page 11 independently followed by group discussion

Naming Species• Who are these guys?

Naming Species• This species has several different names:

groundhog, woodchuck, whistle pig, forest marmot, marmota monax …

System of Classifying Names: Binomial Nomenclature

• Taxanomy: the branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features

• Genus: (plural genera) taxonomic group of a closely related species

• Carolus Linnaeus (1700s), referred to as the Father of Taxonomy

• Binomial Nomenclature: a two-part naming system - first name is the scientific name (genus name) followed by a second name that identifies the particular species

• Genus name is capitalized, species name is in lower case letters, both italicized

• Example: Homo sapiens

• Classification the grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps to organize and indicate evolutionary relationships

System of Classifying Names: Binomial Nomenclature

In-class/Homework Part 1:

• Read pages 10-15• Complete questions #1, 2, and 4 on page 13

Classifying Species Activity

• Activity 1.1, page 13, complete in groups of 2

Hierarchical Classification

Un-nested Classification:

Hockey Soccer Tennis

… a method of classifying organisms – species are arranged from most general to most specific

Sports

Nested Classification:

Hockey Soccer Golf

Sports

Team Sports

Tennis

Non-team sports

Classifying Organisms through Taxonomic Categories

Rank: a level in a classification scheme, such as phylum or order

Taxon: a named group of organisms such as a phylum Chordata or order Rodentia

In-class/Homework Part 2:

• Complete question #6 on page 16