Post on 16-Jul-2018
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FUTURE WORK4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy an Competitiveness for the Project CTQ2013-44143-R. C. M. M. thanks Junta de Castilla y León for her research fellowship.
INTRODUCTION1
RESULTS3
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP2
DEMONSTRATION OF AN EFFECTIVE BIOMASS TO SUGARS TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
BY ULTRA-FAST REACTORS IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER
Celia M. Martínez a, Danilo A. Cantero b, MJosé Cocero a
a High Pressure Processes Group – Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, SpainbDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Energy Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
National project: CTQ-2013-44143-R
FastSugars Project responds to
the challenge of developing a
selective technology to transform
biomass into sugars and chemicals
using supercritical water (SCW) as
hydrolysis medium, with reaction
times of milliseconds.
AIM
1. Design, build and operate a demonstration plant to hydrolyse biomass in SCW
2. Study biomass pre-treatments for the hydrolysis process
3. Apply the obtained results to biomass of industrial interest: cellulosic biomass
and lignocellulosic biomass
4. Study the production of added value compounds from biomass by SCW
CV: Check Valve
HE: Heat Exchanger
M: Mixer
P: Pump
PI: Pressure Indicator
PT: Pressure Transducer
SV: Selection Valve
TT: Temperature Transducer
V: Valve
GT: Gate Valve
P-1
P-2
Biomass
Tank
Water
Tank
CV-1
CV-2
PI-1
PI-2
V-1
PT-1
HE-4
Flash
HE-3
H-1SV-1
SV-2
Vapor
Outlet
Liquid
Outlet
TT
TT
TTTTTT
TT
TT
TT
PI-3
H-2 H-3
TT
HE-1
SV-3
HE-2
F2
F1
GV2
GV1
SCV
SCV
SV-3
FeaturesSCALE UP
LABORATORY PLANT PILOT PLANT
Capacity 8 kg/h (max 3 kg/h biomass) 50 kg/h (up to 15 kg/h biomass)
Solid retention (filters) NO YES
SCW heating 1 problematic step 3 steps
dp biomass Max 150 µm Up to 500 µm
Depressurization system Manual Manual or automatic
Design conditions Up to 30 MPa and 420 ºC
OBJECTIVE 1 of FASTSUGARS project was already accomplish by designing,
building and starting up the pilot plant to carry out the hydrolysis of biomass in SCW.
The design project was focused on improving and scaling up the current laboratory
plant from a previous project. Start up experiments were carried out with tobacco scrap.
Hydrolysis of cellulose in supercritical water: Reagent
concentration as a selectivity factor
Cellulose hydrolysis in SCW was carried out at 400ºC, 25MPa with
reaction times between 0.07 and 1.5 s and inlet concentrations of
cellulose between 1.5 to 6.5 % w/w.
Reaction time showed a strong effect over selectivity, yielding
sugars (low tR) or derived products (high tR).
It was proved that inlet concentration of biomass affected the
conversion rate of cellulose in SCW.
Selective production of sugars and glycoaldehyde from
sugar beet pulp (SBP) by supercritical water hydrolysis
SBP hydrolysis in SCW was carried out at 390ºC and 25MPa with
reaction times between 0.11 and 1 s. Maximum recovery for
cellulose and hemicellulose fractions was achieved at 0.15 s,
completely recovering cellulose as C-6 sugars and 70% of
hemicellulose recovered as C-5 sugars. Lignin was recovered as
solid residue.
Sugars yield was enhanced at low reaction times (up to a
maximum) and then increasing the reaction time other interesting
products as glycoaldehyde were yielded. Glycoaldehyde was used
for ethylene glycol production through hydrogenation (Alberto
Romero`s work).
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3
Acidity and alkalinity effects on bio-oil production by
hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of dairy manure and food
waste
CELLULOSE
HYDROLYSIS
BIOMASS
CHARACT.
SBP SCW
HYDROLYSIS
LAB PLANT
DESIGN
PILOT PLANT
STAY
ABROAD:
CORNELL
SBP SCW
HYDROLYSIS
PILOT PLANT
CHAPTER 1: PUBLISHED CHAPTER 2: WRITING CHAPTER 3: WRITING CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6
BIO-OIL
UPGRADING
PATACA SCW
HYDROLYSIS
PILOT PLANT
14/15 15/16 16/17
BUILDING AND
STARTING UP
PILOT PLANT
SCW hydrolysis
Reaction
time
Cellulose
concentration
Effect
over
kinetics
Effect over
selectivity
Ru
MCM-48
Oligosaccharides
C-6 sugars
C-5 sugars
Glycoaldehyde
Ethyleneglycol
Hexitols
HTL of wet biomass was carried out at 300ºC for 1h in a batch
reactor located at Cornell University (USA). Natural, alkaline and
acidic conditions were tested in order to study pH effect on bio-oil
production.
It was found that acid addition improved the oil yield (up to 59% for
manure and 44% for food waste). On the other hand, alkaline
addition seemed to enhance the gas production and therefore
reducing the oil yield.
This bio-oil is going to be shipped to Valladolid to upgrade it through
a hydrogenation step (chapter 5).
HTL
PROCESS
GAS
OIL
AQUEOUS
SOLID
Ru
MCM-48
CHAPTER 5
Finishing writing Chapter 2 and 3.
Improvements in the pilot plant (heating and pumping systems, starting up automatic valve).
To accomplish with the rest of objectives of FASTSUGARS project:
Collaborating with Gianluca Gallina, the extraction of hemicelluloses as a pretreatment for the biomass before SCW hydrolysis will be studied (OBJECTIVE 2).
SCW hydrolysis of both sugar beet pulp and “pataca”, studying different parameters as particle size and inlet concentration (OBJECTIVE 3, Chapter 4 and 6).
Collaborating with Alberto Romero, the upgrading of the bio-oil from Cornell will be carried out via catalyzed hydrogenation (Chapter 5).