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CHAPTER 3

MATTER

State that things have mass and occupy space

Explain the meaning of matter

Relate things and matter

Carry out activities to show that air, water, soil and

living things have mass and occupy space

3.1 Matter has mass and occupies space

Matter

What is Matter?

1. All things can be divided into matter and non-matter.

2. Anything that has mass and occupies space is matter.

Eq:

Water , air, book, soil and living things

3. Matter has weight because its mass is acted upon by

the earth’s gravity

4. Matter has volume as it occupies space

5. Examples of non-matter include:

light, sound, heat and electricity

Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

3 States of Matter

Solid Liquid Gas

Aspects Solid Liquid Gas

(a) Diagramatic

representation

(a) Arrangement of

particles

Closely packed

together in an

orderly

arrangement

Less compact and

not in an orderly

arrangement

Very far apart from

each other

(c) Space between

particles

Very small Small Large

(d) Movement of

particles

Vibrate / spin in

fixed positions

Move gliding past

one another

Move randomly at

fast speed

Comparison between the 3 states of matter

(e) Attractive

forces between

particles

Very strong Moderately strong Very weak

(f) Shape Definite Follows the shape

of the container

Follows the shape

of container

(g) Volume Definite Definite Occupy the

container

(h) Density High Moderate

(except Mercury)

Low

The concept of density

1. Density is defined as mass per unit volume

2. The unit for density is g/cm3. A more practical unit is kg/m3

3. In order to find the density of an irregular object

4. In order to find the density of an irregular object, we have

to find the:

- mass (by using a beam balance)

- Volume (by using water displacement method)

Density = Mass

Volume

5. The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3.

6. A substance that has a density lower than 1.0 g/cm3 will

float in water.

7. A substance that has a density higher than 1.0 g/cm3 will

sink in water

Icebergs are huge ice

formations. How much of of the

ice is actually under the water?

What is the density of ice? Is

ice denser than water?

What do you understand by the

expression ‘tip of an iceberg’?

Water

Density 1.0 g/cm3

Corn oil

Density 0.9 g/cm3

Air

density 0.001 g/cm3

glycerin

density 1.3 g/cm3

cork

density 0.24 g/cm3

ice

density 0.92 g/cm3

glass

Density 2.5 g/cm3

We choose woods we choose wood to build rafts and boats because

wood can float on water. The

density of wood is less than the density of water and so it floats.

Boat

Raft

Hot air balloon

Air is less dense than water

Do dropper test

1. 20 cm3 of a substance has a mass of 52 g.

What is its density?

Does it float or sink in water?

2.

S S

U

U

TT

2.6 g/cm3

S, U, T

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