Post on 13-Dec-2015
transcript
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
• A PROCESS USED BY SCIENTISTS TO STUDY THE NATURAL WORLD.
• SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY OFTEN BEGINS WITH A PROBLEM ABOUT AN OBSERVATION.
POSING OUESTIONS• QUESTIONS COME FROM
EXPERIENCES, OBSERVATIONS, AND INFERENCES YOU MAKE AND HAD.
• SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS ARE QUESTIONS THAT CAN BE ANSWERED BY MAKING AN OBSERVATIONS AND GATHERING EVIDENCE.
• QUESTIONS ADOUT PERSONAL OPINIONS ARE NOT SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS.
DEVELOPING A HYPOTHESIS
• A HYPOTHESIS IS A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION OR ANSWER TO A SCIENTIFIC QUESTION.
• A HYPOTHESIS IS A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION.
• IT CAN BE PROVED OR DISPROVED WITH AN INVESTIGATION.
DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT
• BEFORE YOU START TO DESIGN AN EXPERIMENT TO TEST YOUR HYPOTHESIS, FIRST YOU HAVE TO STATE A HYPOTHESIS.
• A VARIABLE IS A FACTOR THAT CAN CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT.
• A CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT IS AN EXPERIMENT IN WHICH ONLY ONE VARIBLE IS CAGED AT A TIME.
• THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (MANIPULATED VARIABLE) IS A VARIABLE THAT IS CHANGED ON PURPOSE.
• THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE (RESPONDING VARIABLE) IS THE FACTOR THAT MAY CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
• A STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES HOW TO MEASURE A PARTICULAR VARIABLE OR DEFINE A PARTICULAR TERM.
COLLECTING AND INTERPERTING DATA
• FACTS, FIGURES, AND OTHER EVIDENCE THET A SCIENTIST GATHER BY ODSERVATION ARE CALLED DATA.
• GRAGHS SHOW PATTERNS AND GRAGH OF DATA CAN BE VERY USEFUL FOR INTERPRETING DATA.
MAKING A PREDITION• A PREDITION IS WHAT
YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN NEXT.
• PERDICTING INVOLVES MAKING AN INFERENCE ABOUT A FUTURE EVENT BASED ON CURRENT EVIDENCE OR PAST EXPERIENCE.
• BECAUSE A PERDICTION IS AN INFRENCE, IT MAY PROVE TO BE FALSE.
AN OBSERVATION• WHEN YOU USE ONE OF YOUR FIVE
SENCES TO GATHER INFORMATION, THAT CALLED OBSERVING.
• AN OBSERVATION MUST BE AN ACCURATE REPORT OF WHAT YOUR SENCES DETECT.
• AN OBSERVATION IS LIKE DESCRIBING WHAT YOU SEE, HEAR, TASTE, SMELL, AND TOCH .
INFERRING• WHEN YOU INTERPET AN
OSERVATION , YOU ARE INFERING.• AN INFRENCE MAY TURN OUT TO
BE INCORRECT.
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
• A STATEMENT THAT SUMS UP WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED FROM AN EXPERIMENT.
• YOU NEED TO DECIDE WHETHER THE DATA YOU COLLECTED SUPPORT YOUR EXPERIMENT BEFORE YOU CAN DRAW CONCLUSIONS FROM IT.
• SOMETIMES, CONCLUSIONSLEAD TO POSE A NEW QUESTIONS AND PLAN A NEW EXPERIMENTS TO ANSWER THEM.
THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN A HYPOTHESIS AND A
PERDICTION.• A HYPOTHESIS IS A POSSIBLE
EXPLANATION FOR A SET OF OBSERVATIONS OR A ANSWER TO A SCIENTIFIC QUESTION.
• A PERDICTION IS WHAT YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN NEXT AFTER THE EXPERIMENT (EDUCATED GUESS).
CLASSIFING
• CLASSIFIYING HELPS YOU STAY ORGANIZED .
• BY PUTTING THE SUBJECT, CLASS, NAME, AND DATE HELPS YOU FIND THINGS FAST.
MAKING MODELS• MAKING MODELS
INVOLVES MAKING REPRESENTIONSOF COMPLEX OBJECTS.
• THEY HELP PEOPLEUNDERSTAND IT.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE.
• QUANTITATIVE=OBSERVATIONS WITH NUMBERS, RULERS, BALENCES,BEAKERS, AND THERMOMETERS.
• QUALITAVE= OBSERVATIONS USING YOUR FIVE SENSES (TOUCH, SMELL, HEAR, TASTE, AND SIGHT.)