Post on 05-Jan-2016
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Scientific MethodScientific Method&&
MeasurementsMeasurements
1.1. Why do we use the scientific Why do we use the scientific method?method?
2.2. List one part of the scientific List one part of the scientific method.method.
Warm up:Warm up:
ScienceScience
Science is knowledge Science is knowledge gained through gained through observation and observation and experimentsexperiments
Steps of The Scientific MethodSteps of The Scientific Method
Observation Problem / Question Hypothesis Procedures / Experiment Data Conclusion RETEST (if needed)
START
Observations:
Information gathered from your surroundings that may lead to a problem or question
HypothesesTentative and testable
statements to be proven.
Test ONE variable at a time.
The rest of the environment must remain constant!
TheoryTheoryTheoryTheory- an explanation of natural - an explanation of natural phenomenon supported by phenomenon supported by evidenceevidence
No evidence to disprove itNo evidence to disprove itCan have multiple theories about Can have multiple theories about
something.something.
Scientific LawScientific Law: formed from making : formed from making observations and NO exceptions have observations and NO exceptions have been found.been found.
(Usually a math equation like Newton’s (Usually a math equation like Newton’s Law of Gravity)Law of Gravity)
Charles DarwinTheory of Evolution
Hypothesis, Theory or Law?Hypothesis, Theory or Law?
1.1. We all descended from a common We all descended from a common ancestor.ancestor.
2.2. Life on Earth began due to aliens.Life on Earth began due to aliens.
3.3. Since ink is transferred to paper, it Since ink is transferred to paper, it can be transferred to anything.can be transferred to anything.
PROCEDURES/EXPERIMENTControl GroupsControl Groups
All conditions are kept All conditions are kept the samethe same
Take away independent variable to make sure the test is valid.
PROCEDURES/EXPERIMENTExperimental GroupsExperimental Groups
Group is subjected to a change Group is subjected to a change
Independent Variable Independent Variable – variable that is changed– variable that is changed
Dependent Variable Dependent Variable – the variable that changes – the variable that changes in response to the independent variablein response to the independent variable
Measured with accuracy (close to the actual, true value) and precision (if repeated, should have the same results
Control Or Experimental Group?Control Or Experimental Group?Independent OR Dependent Variable?Independent OR Dependent Variable?
Group 1: Tomato Plant grown in soil with waterGroup 1: Tomato Plant grown in soil with water
Group 2: Tomato Plant grown in soil with Fertilizer and Group 2: Tomato Plant grown in soil with Fertilizer and water water
Months later…
Normal size Fertilizer makes it larger
DATA/RESULTSQuality vs QuantityQuality vs Quantity
QualitativeQualitative Data- observable data Data- observable data Observations using senses Observations using senses No numbersNo numbers Color, shape, smell, etcColor, shape, smell, etc Ex. The sky is blueEx. The sky is blue
QuantitativeQuantitative Data- measurable data Data- measurable data NumbersNumbers Height, length, time, temperature, etcHeight, length, time, temperature, etc Ex. He is 6ft tallEx. He is 6ft tall
Accuracy – how close measurements are to an Accuracy – how close measurements are to an actual resultactual result
Qualitative OR Quantitative?Qualitative OR Quantitative?
GraphingGraphing
DD
EE
PP YY
EE
NN AA
DD XX
EE II
NN SS
TT
X AXISX AXIS
INDEPENDENTINDEPENDENT
D-R-Y M-I-X
Dependent Manipulate
Responsive Independent
Y axis X axis
Graphing RulesRULES FOR GRAPHS:1.Title2.Labels ( X and Y axis)3.Increments must be equal4.Key or legend
Based on the graph below, what do you Based on the graph below, what do you expect will happen to the temperature expect will happen to the temperature on day 9?on day 9?
Form a conclusion from data by what you actually see.
Inferences: Making further reasoning from evidence. Not always true (infer something based on an observation) and may lead to further testing.
If hypothesis is proven true, additional trials will prove validity.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS