Post on 14-Dec-2015
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Scripture StudiesScripture StudiesChapter 2Chapter 2
The Old TestamentThe Old Testament
The Old Testament
Read:Matthew 5:17-48Romans 3:1-4:12
The Old Testament
The prophecy of the Old Testament is fulfilled in Jesus
The Old Testament
CCC 121:The Old Testament is an indispensable part of Sacred Scripture. Its books are divinely inspired and retain a permanent value,92 for the Old Covenant has never been revoked. (1093)
The Old Testament
CCC122: Indeed, “the economy of the Old Testament was deliberately so oriented that it should prepare for and declare in prophecy the coming of Christ, redeemer of all men.”93 “Even though they contain matters imperfect and provisional,”94 the books of the Old Testament bear witness to the whole divine pedagogy of God’s saving love: these writings “are a storehouse of sublime teaching on God and of sound wisdom on human life, as well as a wonderful treasury of prayers; in them, too, the mystery of our salvation is present in a hidden way.”95 (702, 763, 708, 2568)
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The Books of the Old TestamentLawHistoryWisdomProphecy
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The LawGenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomy
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The “JEDP” theory of the PentateuchJ: “Yahwist” or “Jehovist” sourceE: “Elohist” sourceD: “Deuteronomic” sourceP: “Priestly” source
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HistoryJoshuaJudges Ruth1 Samuel2 Samuel
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History1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 Chronicles
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HistoryEzraNehemiahTobitJudithEsther
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JoshuaTells how the Israelites, led by
Joshua, the successor of Moses, began their conquest of Canaan
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Judges Continues the story of the conquest of Canaan
and the death of Joshua It tells how, time and time again, the people of
Israel were unfaithful to God And how as a punishment He let them fall into
the hands of their enemies Each time, when they repented, God sent a
“Judge” to be their leader and save them
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Ruth Set in the time of the Judges, the book of Ruth
tells the story of a foreign woman who converts to the worship of the one true God.
She marries Boaz, a wealthy Israelite Her great-grandson David would be king of
Israel Therefore she is also the human ancestor of
Jesus
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1 Samuel Tells the tragic story of Saul, the first king of
Israel Saul was anointed king by the prophet Samuel Starts out well but loses God’s favor by his
disobedience Involves Israel in a long civil war with his
successor David
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2 Samuel Continues the story of David after the death of
Saul God’s everlasting covenant with David makes
Jerusalem the religious center of the world David builds the nation of Israel into a strong
power, but also suffers the consequences of his sin.
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1 Kings Continues with the reign of David’s son
Solomon, who is famous for his wisdom and makes Israel a mighty empire
Much of the book is taken up with the most important event of Solomon’s reign: the building of the Temple in Jerusalem
Solomon and his successors fall into idolatry, and God rebukes them through Elijah
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2 Kings Tells how Israel’s two kingdoms, Judah and
Israel, become deeply divided by falling away from God and turning to foreign idols
Finally God allows both kingdoms to be conquered and destroyed
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1 Chronicles Continues the history of 1 and 2 Samuel, but
from another point of view Emphasizes the religious aspect of David’s
reign Especially his preparations for building the
Temple
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2 Chronicles Continuation of 1 Chronicles Retells some of the events of 1 and 2 Kings Emphasizes the kingdom of Judah
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Ezra Tells how some of the Jews are allowed to
return to Israel after a long exile in Babylon Tells how they rebuild the Temple and try to
restore the worship of the true God
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Nehemiah Continues the story begun in Ezra, telling how
the returned exiles restore the city of Jerusalem and promise to live by the law of Moses
Much of the book is from the memoirs of governor Nehemiah
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Tobit The story of a pious man, who follows the Law
even in exile His son is faithful to the Lord Son ends up rich and happily married
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Judith Tells how a heroic woman saves Israel by a
clever strategy Her success comes about because she trusted
in God
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Esther Tells the story of a heroic Israelite woman who
becomes Queen of Persia She saves the Jewish people from the plots of
evil enemies
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Wisdom Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Wisdom Sirach
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Job Why does God let bad things happen to good
people? A long debate between Job’s friends on this
puzzle They insist that God rewards good and
punishes evil Job insists that it doesn’t always happen that
way
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Psalms Psalms is a collection of religious songs and
poems, many of them attributed to king David The greatest religious poetry ever composed is
in the book of Psalms We hear it every day in our liturgy And many phrases common in our language
comes from Psalms
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Proverbs Proverbs is a collection of sayings Many of them are attributed to king Solomon Each one gives an important truth in a short
and memorable form Many are in the form of “ . . . ” but “. . . ”
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Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes is a long meditation on vanity The complete pointlessness of worldly things Nothing in this world is lastingly worthwhile The only thing that matters is God
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Song of Solomon The world’s most famous love poem A bride and groom speak of their love for one
another Since earliest times, the Church has seen the
poem as an allegory of Christ’s love for his Church
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Wisdom Full title is The Wisdom of Solomon A poem in praise of wisdom Includes a long section on how patient God
has been with human folly
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Sirach A book about how to live a good life How to live in the real world without
compromising our faith in God
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Prophecy Prophecy means to speak in place of or for
someone else Prophets were called to speak for God without
regard for their station in society Abraham was the first prophet Most prophets were men
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Prophecy Prophets sometimes did not appear for long
periods, but showed up when the people were in need
This especially happened during the 11th century – 5th century
God sent prophets to guide his people regularly
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Prophecy (Major Prophets) Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Baruch Ezekiel Daniel
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Prophecy (Minor Prophets) Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum
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Prophecy (Minor Prophets) Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi
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Isaiah Isaiah contains some of the clearest
prophecies in the Old Testament of the coming of Christ
Warns of the disaster that will befall Israel if the people do not turn back to God
Promises redemption to the people even though they have sinned
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Isaiah was probably written and edited in at least two parts at different times and by different authors
Probably done during the Babylonian exile
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Old Testament Timeline Genesis – impossible to assign a timeline to
the events of Genesis Ca. 2120 BC – God calls Abram (Abraham) to
go to the land of Canaan. Time of the Patriarchs
Ca. 1906 BC – Jacob and his sons go to Egypt Ca. 1836 BC – Joseph dies in Egypt
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Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers Deuteronomy and Job probably composed/conflated during this period
Ca. 1571 BC – Moses born Ca. 1484 BC – traditional dating of the events
described in Job Ca. 1446 BC – God appears to Moses,
Israelites escape from Egypt
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Ca. 1406 BC – Moses dies within sight of the Promised Land
Joshua, Judges, Ruth composed during this period
Ca.1406 BC – Israel begins conquest of Canaan under Joshua
Ca. 1366 BC – Joshua dies Ca, 1350-1050 BC – traditional date of events
in Book of Ruth
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Ca. 1120 BC – Samson is born 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings (begun), 1
Chronicles, 2 Chronicles (begun), Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and Wisdom probably composed during this period
Ca. 1155 BC – Samuel is born Ca. 1050 BC – Saul becomes king of Israel Ca. 1010 BC – David becomes king
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Ca. 970 BC – Solomon becomes king Ca. 930 BC – Solomon dies 1 Kings (finished), 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles
(finished) Tobit, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Hosea, Joel, Amos
Ca. 930 BC – Rehoboam becomes king Ca. 926 BC – The ten northern tribes revolt
against Rehoboah
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Ca. 912 BC – Elijah begins his career as a prophet
Ca. 896 BC – Elijah is taken up into heaven Ca 721 BC – Assyrians conquer Israel and
take ten tribes into captivity Ca. 705 BC – Traditional date of the events
described in Tobit
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Judith, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel Ca. 586 BC – Babylonians destroy Jerusalem,
raze the Temple, and carry Judah into captivity Ca. 539 BC – Cyrus (Persian king) conquers
Babylon Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Haggai, Zechariah,
Malachi, Sirach written during this period Ca. 537 BC – Decree of Cyrus allows Jews to
return to Jerusalem
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Ca. 515 BC – after some delay and opposition by the Samaritans, the Second Temple is built
Ca. 336 BC – Alexander the Great begins his conquests
Ca. 175 BC – Antiochus Epiphanes becomes king
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Antiochus Epiphanes was determined to destroy all worship of the “One True God”
He believed that public acts of extreme cruelty would discourage the Jews from following their God
Ca. 167 BC – Persecution of the Jews, revolt begins
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Antiochus’ mistake was underestimating the devotion and faith of the Israelites
The Maccabean Revolt led eventually to independence
1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees is written Ca. 164 BC – Temple rededicated Ca. 134 BC – John Hyrcanus becomes high
priest
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Typology When we read the Old Testament, we see
many things that point to events in the New Testament, the coming of the Messiah
Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac points to God’s sacrifice of His Son Jesus on the cross
Thus we say that Isaac it a “type” (prototype) of Christ
The study of “types” such as this in the Old Testament is called Typology
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Typology is a way of teaching by analogy We explain the new in term of the old
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Fulfill Genealogy Law Old Testament Pentateuch Prophet Type Typology Wisdom Literature
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Who came to fulfill the prophecies of the Old Testament?
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Which two historical figures does Matthew mention as ancestors of Jesus Christ at the beginning of his Gospel?
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Where is the Old Testament perfected?
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What does the New Testament accomplish?
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What does Jesus’ genealogy indicate?
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What are the four main types of books in the Old Testament?
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Which books are the books of the law?
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What are other names for the books of the law?
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What does the word “Pentateuch” mean?
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What do the historical books describe?
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Which book includes many religious poems attributed to David?
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Which three books of the Old Testament are named for women?
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Why are the books from Hosea to Malachi called “Minor Prophets?”
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What can we discover from reading the Old Testament?
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What are biblical types?
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How did the Old Testament writers date events?
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What are the names of the four sources which contributed to the compilation of the Pentateuch?
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What is a “heresy?”