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SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 1version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Systems EngineeringSystems Engineeringand Systemsand SystemsManagementManagement
OverviewOverview
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 2version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringRolesRoles
�Common and Not-So-Common names forsystems engineering�Systems Engineers�Systems Architects�Systems Integrators�Systems Management Engineers�Systems Quality Assurance Engineers�Systems Theorists�Systems Reengineers�Operations Research�Management Science
Closely Related Professions
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 3version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Engineering ofEngineering ofSystemsSystems
�Systems Engineering is concerned with theengineering of systems
�Systems Management is concerned withstrategic level Systems Engineering
�Systems Engineering efforts involve:�Systems engineering methods and tools or
technologies�Systems process�Systems management
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 4version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Three Levels ofThree Levels ofSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering
Syst
ems
Engi
neer
ing
Team Systems Management
Systems EngineeringProcesses, orMethodologies
Systems EngineeringMethods and Tools or
Technologies
Syst
em P
rodu
ct o
r Ser
vice
U
nder
Dev
elop
men
t
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 5version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
ManagementManagementTechnologyTechnology
�Systems Engineering is a ManagementTechnology
�Technology is the organization, application,and delivery of a scientific and other forms ofknowledge for the betterment of a client group
�Technology can be viewed as a fundamentallyhuman activity
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 6version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
ManagementManagementTechnologyTechnology -- 22
�Management involves the interaction of theorganization with the environment
�The purpose of management is to enableorganizations to better cope with theirenvironments in order to achieve purposefulgoals and objectives
�Management Technology involves theinteraction of:�Technology�Organizations that are collections of people
concerned with the evolvement and use oftechnologies
�Environment
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 7version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
ManagementManagementTechnologyTechnology -- 33
Environment
Management
Organization
Science
Technology
Organization
Science
InformationOrganization
EnvironmentManagementTechnology
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 8version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
ManagementManagementTechnologyTechnology -- 44
�Systems Engineering is the managementtechnology that controls a total system life-cycle process, which evolves and which resultsin the definition, development, anddeployment of a system that is of high quality,and is cost-effective in meeting the user’sneeds
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 9version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringKnowledge TypesKnowledge Types
�Knowledge Principles�Generally represent formal problem-solving
approaches to knowledge�Generally employed in new situations and/or
unstructured environments�Knowledge Practices
�Represent the accumulated wisdom andexperiences that have led to the development ofstandard operating policies for well-structuredproblems
�Knowledge Perspectives�Represent the view that is held relative to future
directions and realities in the technological areaunder consideration
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 10version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringKnowledge TypesKnowledge Types -- 22
Knowledge Perspectives
Knowledge Principles
Knowledge Practices
Learning Over Time
System Planningand Marketing
ResearchDevelopment, Test,
And Evaluation
Product AcquisitionProduction, orProcurement
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 11version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
KnowledgeKnowledge
Information is defined as data that are of value fordecision making
Information is associated withContext and Environment
Knowledge
Managing the environment and the three types of knowledgeis referred to as Knowledge Management
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 12version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Formulation, Analysis,Formulation, Analysis,and Interpretationand Interpretation
�Systems Engineering is managementtechnology to assist and support policymaking,planning, decision making, and associatedresource allocation or action deployment
�Systems Engineers utilize quantitative andqualitative formulation, analysis, andinterpretation of�The impacts of action alternatives upon the needs
perspectives�The institutionalization perspectives�The value perspectives of the clients or customers
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 13version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Formulation, Analysis,Formulation, Analysis,and Interpretationand Interpretation -- 22
�Issue Formulation – Identifies the needs to befulfilled and the requirements associated withthese in terms of:�Objectives to be satisfied�Constraints and alterables that affect issue
resolution�Generation of potential alternate courses of action
�Issue Analysis – Enables us to determine theimpacts of the identified alternative courses ofaction, including possible refinement of thealternatives
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 14version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Formulation, Analysis,Formulation, Analysis,and Interpretationand Interpretation -- 33
�Issue Interpretation – Enables us to rank thealternatives in terms of need satisfaction and toselect one for implementation or additionalstudy
�Systems Engineering can be thought of asconsisting of formulation, analysis, andinterpretation efforts, together with the systemmanagement and technical direction effortsnecessary to bring this about
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 15version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Primary SystemsPrimary SystemsEngineering StepsEngineering Steps
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
PrimaryInformationFlowSecondaryInformationFlow
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 16version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Primary SystemsPrimary SystemsEngineeringEngineeringLifeLife--Cycle PhasesCycle Phases
SystemsDefinition
SystemDevelopment
SystemDeployment
PrimaryInformationFlowSecondaryInformationFlow
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 17version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Systems ManagementSystems Management
�Systems Management can be viewed from aninactive, reactive, interactive, or proactiveperspective�Inactive – Organization does not worry about issues
and does not make efforts to resolve them�Reactive – Organization will examine a potential
issue only after it has developed into a real problem� an outcomes assessment will be performed� symptoms that produced the problem will be
eliminated
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 18version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 22
�Interactive – Organization will attempt to examineissues while they are in the process of evolution inorder to detect problems at the earliest possible time� efforts at diagnosis and correction will be
implemented as soon as possible� recycling, feedback, and retrofit to and through
that portion of the life-cycle process in which theproblem occurred will take place
�Proactive – Organization predicts the potential forprogress hindering issues and synthesizes anappropriate life-cycle process that is sufficientlymature
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 19version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 33
�Systems Engineering often fails at the level ofsystems management:�Purpose, function, and structure of a new system
are not identified sufficiently before the system isdefined, developed, and deployed
�Formulation, analysis, or interpretation efforts aredeficient
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 20version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 44
�Systems Management and integration issuesare of major importance in determining theeffectiveness, efficiency, and overallfunctionality of systems design
�To achieve a high measure of functionality, itmust be possible for a system (product orservice) to be efficiently and effectively:�Produced�Used�Maintained�Retrofitted�Modified
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 21version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 55
�Ingredients necessary to engineer largesystems, solve large and complex problems,resolve complicated issues, or manage largesystems are normally associated with thefollowing needs to deal successfully with:�Issues involving many considerations and
interrelations including changes over time�Issues in which there are far-reaching and
controversial value judgments�Issues whose solutions require a multi-disciplined
approach
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 22version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 66
�Issues in which future events are difficult to predict�Issues in which the environments, external and
internal, are difficult to predict�Issues in which structural and human elements are
given full consideration�The need to implement integrated knowledge
management across the diversity of stakeholders�The need to engineer systems that are sustainable
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 23version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 77
�Systems Management places considerableemphasis on the accurate definition of asystem including identification of what it shoulddo and how people should interact with itbefore the system is developed and deployed
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 24version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
DoD Definitions ofDoD Definitions ofSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering
�Systems Engineering is the application ofscientific and engineering efforts to:�Transform an operational need into a description of
system performance parameters and a systemconfiguration through an iterative process ofdefinition, synthesis, analysis, design, test, andevaluation
�Integrate reliability, maintainability, expandability,safety, survivability, human engineering and otherfactors into the total engineering effort to meet cost,schedule, supportability, and technical performanceobjectives
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 25version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
DoD Definitions ofDoD Definitions ofSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering -- 22
�Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinaryapproach that:�Encompasses the scientific and engineering efforts
related to the development, manufacturing,verification, deployment, operations, support, anddisposal of systems products and processes
�Develops needed user training, equipment,procedures, and data
�Establishes and maintains configurationmanagement of the system
�Develops work breakdown structures andstatements of work and provides information formanagement decision making
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 26version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Structure, Function, orStructure, Function, orPurposePurpose
�Structure – Systems Engineering isManagement Technology to assist clientsthrough the formulation, analysis, andinterpretation of the impacts of proposedpolicies, controls, or complete systems uponthe need perspectives, institutionalperspectives, and value perspectives ofstakeholders to issues under consideration
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 27version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Structure, Function, orStructure, Function, orPurposePurpose -- 22
�Function – Systems Engineering is anappropriate combination of the methods andtools of systems engineering, made possiblethrough use of a suitable methodologicalprocess and systems management procedures
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 28version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Structure, Function, orStructure, Function, orPurposePurpose -- 33
�Purpose – The purpose of systems engineeringis to organize and manage information andknowledge�To assist clients who desire to develop policies for
management, direction, control, and regulationactivities relative to forecasting, planning,development, production and operation of totalsystems
�To maintain overall quality, integrity, and integrationas related to performance, trustworthiness,reliability, availability, and maintainability
SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 29version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Function
Purpose
SystemsManagement
SystemsEngineering
Methodsand Tools
SystemsEngineering
MethodologiesProcessorProduct
Line
Structure
ProductorSystem
Structure, Function, orStructure, Function, orPurposePurpose -- 44