Chapter 1 – Singapore has a history before ‘1819’

Chapter 2 – The start of Singapore as a British trading settlement

Chapter 3 – Different roles that different immigrant communities had in Singapore

Chapter 4 – British government in Singapore

Before 1819: Singapore was a busy port for trade.

1819: Sir Stamford Raffles sets up trading post

1826 - Singapore, Malacca and Penang become British colony of the Straits Settlements.

1750 -1850 Industrial - Revolution

1867 - Straits Settlements become crown colony of British Empire.

1869 - Suez Canal opens, trade booms.

1914-1918 World War I

1929 Wall Street Crashes (start of the Great Depression)

1941 - World War II. Japan bombs Singapore.

1942 - Singapore falls to Japan, which renames it Syonan (Light of the South).

1945 - Japan defeated. Singapore under British military administration.

1946 - Singapore becomes separate crown colony.

1947 – Year of Strikes

1948 – Elections

1950 – Maria Hertogh Riots

1954 – Anti-National Service Riots

1955 – Elections (Rendel Constitution) - Hock Lee Bus Riots

1956 – Students’ Riot

1959 - Self-government attained with Lee Kuan Yew as prime minister.

1963 - Singapore joins the Federation of Malaya, Sabah (North Borneo), and Sarawak in the Federation of Malaysia.

1964 – Racial Riots

1965 - Singapore separated from Malaysia and became independent!

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• Industrial Revolution• Opening of Suez Canal• World War I• Great Depression

What are these events all about?

How did these events affect Singapore?What are these events all about?

How did these events affect Singapore?

• Politically:– Under British rule

( aCrown colony)• Economically– Free port

(for maritime trade) – Trade as main

economic activity • Socially– Different groups of immigrants – Immigrants were discriminated by the

British

• It is a series of events which, taken together, made changes to the way people lived and worked

• Events: Invention of new machines and the discovery of new sources of power (steam-engine) to drive these machines – These events led to the Industrial Revolution

• Impact of Industrial Revolution in Europe– Increase in productivity but…• need more raw materials to manufacture the goods• Need new markets outside their own countries to sell

their goods• Asia as a possible solution to these two problems

• Increase in travelling (to look for raw materials and new markets)

What does this mean for Singapore?

• Shipping route to the East before 1869– Length of journey from London to Singapore: 120

days

• Ferdinand de Lesseps, French engineer • Shipping route with the Suez Canal – Length of

journey from London to Singapore: 50 days

• Growth in trade– Singapore became a port for the collection of

goods from the East and the distribution of manufactured goods from the West

– Goods became cheaper as the cost of shipping goods was reduced (shorter distance and time taken to ship goods from place to place)

• Improvements in communications– Communications improved as shorter time was

taken to deliver letters and documents

• Improvements in port facilities: the New Harbour in 1852– Overcrowding due to the amount of trading in Singapore– The New Harbour was built in 1852 to help improve

services at the port– New wharves, docks, storehouses and machine shops were

built. – Modern machinery

were used and a railway system wasset up to link the port to other parts of Malaya.

S.T.E.A.M. (Industrial Revolution)

• Ships (increase)

• Trade (increase)

• Europeans (came to…)

•Asia (looking for…)

• Market and Materials, Mail (increase)

F.A.S.T, O.K! (Suez Canal)• Ferdinand de Lesseps

• All year shipping

• Shortened time and distance

• Trade increased

For Singapore

• Overcrowded, (so, they set up…)

• Keppel Habour

• 3 impacts on Singapore?• 2 developments?• 1 opinion: Did the 2 external events have a

positive or negative impact on Singapore?

– Military conflict among the European countries, which eventually involved the rest of the world (e.g. Africa and India)

– Central powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (before), Ottoman Empire

– Allied powers: Britain, France, Russia, and later, Italy

• Rush for food– People were afraid that there would be a lack of

food, and rushed to stock up – Prices of food increased. – Government had to step in to control the import

and export of food to other parts of Asia

• Danger to Singapore’s trade– German warship, Emden was stationed in the East

and attacked British trading ships in the Indian Ocean.

– This affected Singapore’s shipping and trade, until Emden was destroyed.

• Sepoy Mutiny of 1915– Sepoys (Indian Troops from the British army)

rebelled against the British. – They did not want to continue fighting for the

British. – Rebels killed Europeans– British government realized that it could not

afford to be careless about Singapore’s defence – threats to Singapore’s peace could come from both inside and outside the country

A2 = Austria-Hungary + Germany + Italy + Ottoman empire

= Allies = Britain, France, Russia

Impact on SingaporeRush for food (hungry!)Trade endangered (German warship ‘Emden’) Mutiny of Indian troops (rebellion)

• Great Depression– ‘Depression’ a time when

there is a great decrease in business activities with widespread unemployment (economic downturn)

– ‘Great’ the huge impact the depression had on many countries around the world

Great Depression

• 24th Oct 1929 Wall Street Crash – America’s stock market crashed

• Banks were bankrupted. • Many lost their life savings • As the number of poor people increased,

demand for goods fell – people could not afford to pay.

• Business became poor and people were retrenched more became financially poor.

• This affected not only America, but also spread to the rest of the world, including Singapore.

• Decrease in trade and businesses– Companies that

depended on overseas trading suffered losses and had to retrench workers.

– Businessmen became bankrupted

• Increase in unemployment and hardship– Unemployed workers had to depend on their

friends or relatives. Many returned to their homeland because they could not find jobs to support themselves

– Situation in Singapore was so bad, that the British government had to step in to improve the economic situation: restriction and reduction of the number of immigrants coming into Singapore

BUnemployment for millionsSuffering and hardshipTrade fell sharplySingaporeUnemployment and hardshipGovernment restricted immigration and sent unemployed

immgrantsHome

anks andusinesses goankrupt