Post on 27-Dec-2015
transcript
Section 4
Each colony given a charter by the king
King had ultimate authority Privy Council ( royal advisors) set
English colony policies
Each colony had a governor Royal colonies governors selected by
king/queen Proprietary colonies-proprietors chose
governor Some colonies elected the governor
Some colonies had elected assemblies• Make laws and policies
Laws had to be approved by advisory council and the governor
First colonial legislature ( 1619) Split into two houses Council of State-governor’s advisory
council and the London company selected members
House of Burgesses-elected by the colonists
New England colonies had town meetings where people talked about and decided issues of local interest
Southern colonies typically made decisions at county level due to being far apart
Middle Colonies used both county and town meetings
1685 King James II takes over Wants more control of colonies Thought colonies too independent 1686 unites northern colonies under
the Dominion of New England• Sent Sir Edmund Andros to be royal
governor Colonists disliked him-he limited
colonial control
1689-replace King James and passed the English Bill of Rights reducing the power of the monarchy
Parliament gained power• Colonists value their elected
representatives• Want to decide local issues
Each colonial government had own courts
Often reflected beliefs of the colony Zenger trial-allows press to publish
whatever they want as long as it was true ( freedom of the press)
Mercantilism-a system of creating wealth through controlled trade• Want to have more exports than imports
Navigation Acts (1650-1696)-limited colonial trade• Forbid trade to countries other than England of certain things ( sugar, cotton)Must use English ships, ports, pay taxes etc.
Colonists did not like the acts~wanted to trade with whoever paid the highest price
Smuggling began to develop ( rum, sugar)
Molasses Act 1733-place duties(taxes) on items like rum, sugar, molasses~rarely enforced
By early 1700’s colonists trading around the world
A system of trade which good and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa
Beef, manufactured good, rum, slaves
Middle Passage-route from Africa to the West Indies/Americas million of Africans died on the journey
A religious movement that swept through the colonies from 1730’s-1740’s
Changed social and religious beliefs Jonathon Edwards-Massachusetts
dramatic sermons Affected all colonies-often preached
about equality which leads to more equal society
1700’s spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society
Many new scientific discoveries Social contract between people and
government John Locke believed that all people
had natural rights like equality and liberty
Tension between colonists and Wampanoag (Metacomet (King Phillip) leader)
Colonial militia and Native Americans fight• Some Native Americans side with colonists• Algonquin side with French colonists~less
threatening than the English colonists Iroquois League-six Native American
groups allied with colonists for trade
France and Great Britain fighting for land in North America• British want Ohio River Valley for fur trade• French think the would harm fur trade
1753 fighting erupts George Washington leads troops
against French-builds Fort Necessity-loses the battle-start of French and Indian War
Albany Plan-united the colonies to fight together
Seven Year’s War starts in Europe Treaty of Paris 1763-end of war
• Britain gains Canada, all French land east of Mississippi River, Florida
• Changed the balance of power to British
Many small fights took place as the settlers moved into western lands
Chief Pontiac opposed British settlement of the Ohio Valley
Proclamation of 1763-bans British settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains and must leave upper Ohio valley