Security & Cooperation

SECURITY CHALLENGES

Increase in Arms Transfers Cold War, post-CW UNSC P5+1 UN ATT proposal

The world's 5 largest military spenders in 2013 accordingto the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.[1]

Increase in Severity: Technology

http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2008/12/92_nations_sign_treaty_to_ban.html

Focus, FrequencyChange in focus of security

◦ Guns and bombs human security

Increase in frequency◦ Decolonization◦ Civil unrest map

http://bpm-americas.blogspot.com/2010/03/summary-para-states-quasi-states-and.html

Consequences of Conflict: Syria

http://news.usni.org/2014/01/21/document-u-s-response-syria

Consequences of Conflict: Syria

• History• More than 3.2m have fled Syria http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360

• 66,000 fled in one day into Turkey http

://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-29301123

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360

Consequences of Conflict

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28541909 a

Syrian refugee camp in Jordan for 600,000+ people

Consequences of ConflictWhat are the int’l consequences of conflict?

◦Spill-over effect◦Creates hostilities◦Interferes with trade◦Forestalls development◦Emigration◦Intervention issues

¤

THREATS

By States

WarActs of aggression

◦RussiaSpecial operationsCovert

EspionageSupport insurgents¤

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24690055

Across States: Int’l Terrorism

What is terrorism?Int’l terrorism

◦Organize, attack across borders Al-Shabab IS

Reaction to perceived threats◦Colonization, westernization

State-sponsored terrorismRwandaM23 Congo rebels IranHezbollah (Shia) in Lebanon

Houthis (Shia) in Yemen¤

http://warnewsupdates.blogspot.com/2012/05/us-involvement-in-yemens-war-against-al.html

Within States: Domestic TerrorismLack political representationObjectives

◦Attention◦Challenge gov’t

Coup d’état Assassinations Guerrilla warfare

◦IndependenceBasques- Eta

Is domestic opposition terrorism? Freedom fighters v. terrorists¤

Peru’s Shining Path

PiracyPeaked in 2011Since droppedInt’l watersMore common near ‘troubled’ states

◦Somalia◦Nigeria

¤

http://www.economist.com/node/18061574

Piracy ArticleSovereignty

◦Somalia- failed state v. Nigeria- territorial watersGS economic issues

◦Funding campaigns; illegal, and terrorist activities

Int’l cooperation◦UNSC ◦Regional IGOs◦Lack resources◦East more

trafficked In east, not west¤